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Developmental Milestones

This document outlines typical gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, social/emotional, speech/language milestones from newborn to 7 years old. Key points include: - From birth to 4 months, infants develop head control, visual tracking, grasping, vocalizations, and basic trust. - From 7-10 months, crawling/cruising emerges along with object permanence, imitation, and separation from caregiver. - From 14-18 months, walking develops along with hand dominance, scribbling, words, and practicing independence. - From 2-4 years, running, jumping, pedaling emerges along with drawing, dressing, sentences, pretend play and reasoning. - From 5

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Ruffin Stephanelle Punzalan
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312 views2 pages

Developmental Milestones

This document outlines typical gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, social/emotional, speech/language milestones from newborn to 7 years old. Key points include: - From birth to 4 months, infants develop head control, visual tracking, grasping, vocalizations, and basic trust. - From 7-10 months, crawling/cruising emerges along with object permanence, imitation, and separation from caregiver. - From 14-18 months, walking develops along with hand dominance, scribbling, words, and practicing independence. - From 2-4 years, running, jumping, pedaling emerges along with drawing, dressing, sentences, pretend play and reasoning. - From 5

Uploaded by

Ruffin Stephanelle Punzalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AGE

NEWBORN

GROSS MOTOR
Flexor tone predominates
In prone, turns head to side
Automatic reflex walking
Rounded spine when held
sitting

FINE MOTOR ADAPTIVE


Hands fisted
Grasp reflex
State dependent ability to fix
and follow bright objects

PERSONAL/SOCIAL
Habituation and some control
of state

SPEECH & LANGUAGE


Cry
State dependent quieting and
head turning to rattle or voice

COGNITIVE
Sensorimotor period
0-24 months
Reflex stage

EMOTIONAL
Basic trust vs. basic mistrust first year
Normal symbiotic phase - does
not differentiate between self
and mother

4 MONTHS

Head midline
Head held when pulled to sit
In prone lifts head to 90 and
lifts chest slightly
Turns to spine

Hands mostly open


Midline hand play
Crude palmar grasp

Recognizes bottle

Turns to voice and bell


consistently
Laughs squeals
Responsive vocalization
Blows bubbles "raspberries"

"Circular reaction" the


interesting result of an action
motivates its repetition

"Lap baby" developing a sense


of basic trust

7 MONTHS

Maintains sitting, may lean


on arms
Rolls to prone
Reaches with one arm in prone
Bears all weight, bounces when
held erect
Cervical lordosis

Intermediate grasp
Transfers cube from hand to
hand
Bangs ojects

Differentiates between familiar


person and stranger
Holds bottle
Looks for dropped object
"Talks" to his mirror image

Uses single and double


consonant-vowel combinations

10 MONTHS

Creeps on all fours


Pivots in sitting
Stands momentarily
Cruises
Slight bow leg
Increased lumbar lordosis,
acute lumbo-sacral angulation

Pincer grasp, mature thumb to


index grasp
Bangs 2 cubes held in hands

Play peek-a-boo
Finger feeds
Chews with rotatory movement

Shouts for attention


Imitates speech sounds
Waves "bye-bye"
Uses "mama" and "dada" with
meaning
Inhibts behavior to "no"

Can retrieve an object hidden


in his view

Practicing phase of separation


individuation, practices
initiating separations
"Love affair with world"

14 MONTHS

Walks alone arms in high guard


or mid-guard
Wide base, excessive knee
and hip flexion
Foot contact on entire sole
Slight valgus knees and feet
Pelvic tilt and rotation

Piles two cubes


Scribbles spontaneously
Holds crayon full length in palm
Casts objects

Uses spoon with


overpronation and spilling
Removes a garment

Uses single words


Understands simple
commands

Differentiates available
behavior patterns for new
ends (e.g pulls rug on which
is a toy)

Rapprochement phase of
separation - individuation .
Ambivalent behavior to mother
Stage of autnomy vs. shame
and doubt (1-3 yr)
Issue of holding on and letting
go
Pleasure in controlling
muscles and sphincters

18 MONTHS

Arms at low guard


Mature supporting base
and heel strike
Seats self in chair
Walks backwards

Emerging hand dominance


Crude release
Holds crayon butt in palm
Dumps raisin from bottle
spontaneuosly

Imitates houseworks
Carries, hugs doll
Drinks from cup neatly

Points to named body part


Identifies one picture
Says "no"
Jargons

Capable of 'insight' i.e. solving


a problem by mental
combinations, not physical
groping

2 YEARS OLD

Begins running
Walks up and down stairs alone
Jumps on both feet in place

Hand dominance in usual


Builds 8 cube
Aligns cubes horiontally

Pulls on garment
Uses spoon well
Opens door turning knob

Two word phrases are


common
Uses verbs

Preoperational period (2-7 yr)


>able to evoke an object or
event

At 5 months began to
differentiate between mother
and self and beginning of
separation individuation
Has sense of belonging to a
central person

Imitates verical line


Places pencil shaft
between thumb and fingers
Draws with arm and wrist
action

Feeds doll with bottle or


spoon
Toilet training usuall begun

Refers to self by name


Uses 'me', 'mine'
Follows simple directions

>object permanence
established
>comprehends symbols

Preoperational period continues


Child is capable of:
>deferred imitation
>symbolic play
>drawing graphic image
>mental images
>verbal evocation of events

3 YEARS OLD

Runs well
Pedals tricycle
Broad jumps
Walks up stairs alternating feet

Imitates 3 cube bridge


Copies circle
Uses overhand throw with
anteroposterior arm and
trunk motion
Catches with extended arms
hugging against body

Most children toilet trained day


and night
Pours from pitcher
Unbuttons; washes and dries
hands and face
Parellel play
Can take turns
Can be reasoned with

3 word sentences are usual


Uses future tense
Asks 'what', 'who' and 'where'
Follows prepostional commands
i.e. 'put it under'
Gives full name
May stutter in eagerness
Identifies self as boy or girl
Recognizes 3 colors

4 YEARS OLD

Walks down stairs alternating


feet
Hops on 1 foot
Plantar arches developing
Sits up from supine position
without rotating

Handles a pencil by finger and


wrist action, like adults
Copies a cross
Draws a frog-like person with
head and extremities
Throws underhand
Cuts with scissors

Cooperative play-sharingand interacting


Imaginative make-believe play
Dresses and undresses with
supervision distinguishing front
and back of clothing and
buttoning
Does simple errands outside of
home

Gives connected account of


recent experiences
Questions 'why', 'when' & 'how'
Uses past tense, adjectives,
adverbs
Knows opposite analogies
Repeats 4 digits

5 YEARS OLD

Skips, tiptoes
Balances 10 sec on each foot

Hand dominance is expected


Draws man with head, body and
extremities
Throws with diagonal arm and
body rotation
Catches with hands

Creative play
Competitive team play
Uses fork for stabbing food
Brushes teeth
Is self-sufficient in toileting
Dresses without supervision
except tying shoelaces

Fluent speech
Misarticulations of some
sounds may persist
Gives name, address, age
Defines concrete nouns by
compoisition, classification
or use
Follows 3 part commands
Has number concepts to 10

Stage of industry vs. inferiority


(5 yr to adolescence)
Adjusts himself to the
inorganic laws of the
tool world

6 YEARS OLD

Rides bicycle
Roller skates

Prints alphabets; letter reversals


still acceptable
Mature catch and throw of ball

Teacher is an important authority


to child
Uses fork appropriately
Uses knife for spreading
Ties shoelaces
Plays table games

Shows mastery of grammar


Uses proper articulation

Stage of industry vs. inferiority


continues

7 YEARS OLD

Continuing refinement of skills

Eats with fork and knife


Combs hair
Is responsible for grooming

Period of concrete operational


thought (7 yr to adolescence)
Child is capable of logical
thinking
PediaRehab/Molnar 3rd Ed.

Stage of initiative vs guilt


(3-5 yr)
Deals with issue of genital
sexuality

rsop/PTBatch'17

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