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1.1 - Introduction - Simple Stresses

This document provides an introduction to mechanics of deformable bodies. It discusses the differences between rigid body mechanics and mechanics of materials, focusing on internal effects and deformations. The key concepts covered include internal forces, stresses, and three types of simple stresses: normal stress, shearing stress, and bearing stress. Normal stress is further divided into tensile and compressive stresses. Several example problems are provided to illustrate calculating stresses in structures under different loading conditions.

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Gelcie Maligaya
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1K views

1.1 - Introduction - Simple Stresses

This document provides an introduction to mechanics of deformable bodies. It discusses the differences between rigid body mechanics and mechanics of materials, focusing on internal effects and deformations. The key concepts covered include internal forces, stresses, and three types of simple stresses: normal stress, shearing stress, and bearing stress. Normal stress is further divided into tensile and compressive stresses. Several example problems are provided to illustrate calculating stresses in structures under different loading conditions.

Uploaded by

Gelcie Maligaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEC 103

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

INTRODUCTION
ENGR. ROGELIO FRETTEN C. DELA CRUZ, CE
INSTRUCTOR

ENGINEERING MECHANICS:
1. Statics
2. Dynamics
We considered only the external effect of forces acting
on a body.
The bodies are assumed perfectly rigid
(no deformation).

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS:
Internal effects of the forces on the body will be
considered.
Deformations will be of great importance.

The difference between rigid-body mechanics


and mechanics of materials can be appreciated if we
consider the bar shown in Fig. 1.1.

In mechanics of materials, the statics solution is


extended to include analysis of the forces acting
inside the bar to be certain that the bar will neither
break nor deform excessively

ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES

It is convenient to represent both R and CR in terms of two


components: one perpendicular to the cross-section and the
other lying in the cross-section. These components are given
physically meaningful names.
P - the component of the resultant
force that is perpendicular to the
cross-section, tending to elongate
or shorten the bar. It is called the
normal force or axial force.

V - the component of the


resultant force lying in the
plane of the cross-section,
tending to shear (slide) one
segment of the bar relative to
the other segment. It is called
the shear force.

T - the component of the


resultant couple that tends
to twist (rotate) the bar. It is
called the twisting moment
or torque.

M - the component of the


resultant couple that
tends to bend the bar. It
is called the bending
moment.

SIMPLE STRESSES
Stress is known as the intensity of
load per unit area.
Stress is also a measure of the unit
strength of a material.

SIMPLE STRESSES
Three types of simple stress:
1. Normal Stress
2. Shearing Stress
3. Bearing Stress.

NORMAL STRESS
The resisting area is perpendicular
to the applied force, thus normal.

NORMAL STRESS
Two types of normal stress:
1. Tensile stress
2. Compressive stress

NORMAL STRESS
The normal stress acting at any point
on a cross-section is given by the
formula:

Where:
= Normal Stress
P = Axial force
A = Cross-sectional Area

NORMAL STRESS
The normal stress acting at any point
on a cross-section is given by the
formula:

Units of stress:
N
N
1 2 1 Pa ; 1
1 MPa
2
m
mm
lb
kip
psi 2 ; ksi 2
in
in

Acceleration due to influence of gravity:


g = 32.2 ft/sec2
g = 9.81 m/sec2

For water at 4C
= 62.4 lb/ft3
= 9.81 kN/m3
= 1000kg/m3

Illustrative Problems

The compound bar ABCD consists of three segments,


each of a different material with different dimensions.
Compute the stress in each segment when the axial
loads are applied.

Determine the largest weight W that can be


supported by the two wires AB and AC. The
working stresses are 100 MPa for AB and 150
MPa for AC. The cross-sectional areas of AB
and AC are 400 mm2 and 200 mm2,
respectively.

The 1000-kg uniform bar AB is suspended from two cables


AC and BD each with cross-sectional area 400 mm2. Find
the magnitude P and location x of the largest additional
vertical force that can be applied to the bar. The stresses in
AC and BD are limited to 100 MPa and 50 MPa,
respectively.

Determine the largest weight W that can be


supported safely by the structure shown in the
figure. The working stresses are 16,000 psi for the
steel cable AB and 720 psi for the wood strut BC.
Neglect the weight of the structure.

The homogeneous 120-N sign is suspended from


a ball and socket joint at O and cables AD and
BC. Determine the tensile stresses in the cables if
each cable has a cross-sectional area of 10 mm2.

The wood pole is supported by two cables of 1/4-in.


diameter. The turn buckles in the cables are tightened
until the stress in the cables reaches 60,000 psi. If the
working compressive stress for wood is 200 psi,
determine the smallest permissible diameter of the
pole.

END

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