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Composition of Feed, Top and Bottom and Relative Volatilities Are

This document summarizes the design of a distillation column with 30 theoretical plates and an 8.2 ft diameter. Key specifications and calculations are provided, including component compositions, minimum reflux ratio, plate efficiency, feed point location, pressure drop, residence time, entrainment, number of holes, and total height. Component properties, tray hydraulics, and flooding velocities are used to size the column and determine design parameters.

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Ghazanfer Ali
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120 views20 pages

Composition of Feed, Top and Bottom and Relative Volatilities Are

This document summarizes the design of a distillation column with 30 theoretical plates and an 8.2 ft diameter. Key specifications and calculations are provided, including component compositions, minimum reflux ratio, plate efficiency, feed point location, pressure drop, residence time, entrainment, number of holes, and total height. Component properties, tray hydraulics, and flooding velocities are used to size the column and determine design parameters.

Uploaded by

Ghazanfer Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Composition of feed, top and bottom and relative volatilities are:

The key components selected are n-C4 and n-C5 as light and heavy key respctively.
Components

Xf

C3
i-C4
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
n-C7
K-Value (HK)
Avg Temp T

0.0184
0.0632
0.6336
0.1425
0.0308
0.1114
0.8169814252 n-C5
184.3 F

Xd
0.0257
0.0883
0.8839
0.002
0
0

Xb

K-Values

0
0
0.0038
0.4961
0.1083
0.3918

4.228039457
2.0526505499
1.6717408816
0.8169814252
0.314470603
0.1347175698

84.58 C

Calculation of minimum number of stag


From Fenske Equation

Nm
Nm

15.311319989
16

Calculation of minimum reflux ratio:


From Colburn and Underwood we have an expression for minimum reflux ratio
(i * Xif)/(i - )
0.0233666316
0.1124183509
1.3701565498
-1.425
-0.0165791612
-0.0196443505

-value can be found by

feed is at boiling point so q=1

Sum
-Value 1.1

0.0447180205

therefore at =1.7

Rm+1
Rm

2.0811315378
1.0811315378

Reflux ratio is 1.2 times the minimum reflux ratio


Reflux Ratio
Reflux Ratio

1.2 Rm
1.2973578454

Calculation of Number of theoretical plates:


we first need to find the ratios of (Rm/Rm+1) and (R/R+1)
Rm/Rm+1

0.5194921696

R/R+1

0.5647173548

From Erbar-Maddox correlation


Nm/N
Nm
N

0.54
16
29.62962963

Number of theoretical plates


Nth

30

Plate Efficiency calculation (Eo):


O'Connell's correlation.

For Viscosity we have

Vis A
222.67
302.51
265.84
313.66
362.79
436.73

Vis B
133.41
170.2
160.2
182.48
207.09
232.53

Molar avg Viscosity a

0.13653255 mNs/m2

Relative volatility a
a*a

2.0462409916

0.2793785006

from O'Connell's graph for efficiency of the column (E o)


Eo

65 %

Actual Number of Trays:


Nth

30

Eo
Actual Plates
N
N

0.65
Nth/Eo
46.153846154
47

Feed-point location:
Using Krikbride empirical equation

here

B
D

log (Nr/Ns)
Nr/Ns

-0.101212992
0.7921127572

493.9 lbmol/hr
1243 lbmol/hr

Plates in stripping section (Below the feed)


N=Nr+Ns
Nr+Ns
Ns
Ns

47
26.226028362
27

Plates in rectifying section (Above the feed)


Nr

N-Ns

Nr
Feed-point

20
21

Column Diameter Calculation:


Flooding velocity can be estimated from the correlation given by Fair

here Uf is the flooding velocity based on net area An


At this stage we need to find the liquid-vapor flow factor F LV for top and bottom for constant K1

Assume tray spacing of

0.5 m

Rectifying Section:
Following are the necessary physical properties for Diameter calculation taken from HYSYS
v

14.19 Kg/m3

525 Kg/m3
8.286 dyne/cm

Lw
Vw
FLV

or

0.008286

40720 kg/hr
73070 kg/hr
0.0916178736

from graph
K1

0.085
for values other than 0.02N/m surface tension a correction is applied for K 1

K1

0.07127

Now the flooding velocity


Uf
0.4275829803 m/s
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate

Maximum allowable vapor velocity based on the net column cross sctional area
Uv
Uf * 0.85
Uv

0.3634455332 m/s

Maximum volumetric flow rate

5148 m3/hr
1.43 m3/s

Net Area required

An

3.9

Take downcomer area as 12% of the total cross sectional area


Total column cross sectional area

Ac

Diameter of the column


D=((At 4)/)
Dia
2.3857993729 m
or

4.47

7.8
8.0

Stripping Section:
Following are the necessary physical properties for Diameter calculation taken from HYSYS
v

17.45 Kg/m3

523 Kg/m3
6.687 dyne/cm

Lw
Vw
FLV

or

0.006687

89530 kg/hr
70300 kg/hr
0.2326270057

from graph
K1

0.07
for values other than 0.02N/m surface tension a correction is applied for K 1

K1

0.06

Now the flooding velocity


Uf
0.3026374349 m/s
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate

Maximum allowable vapor velocity based on the net column cross sctional area
Uv
Uf * 0.85
Uv

0.2572418196 m/s

Maximum volumetric flow rate

4028 m3/hr
1.118889 m3/s

Net Area required

An

4.3

Take downcomer area as 12% of the total cross sectional area


Total column cross sectional area
Diameter of the column

Ac

4.94

D=((At 4)/)

Dia
2.5084662564 m
or
8.2
Both diameters differ less than 20%, therefore we will have same diameter through out the column.
Therefore, governing Diameter
8.2

Plate Areas:
Ac

Total column cross seectional area


Ac

Ad

Cross sectional area of downcomer


Ad

An

4.94 m2

0.5931219029 m

Net area available


An

Aa

Ah

12% of Ac

Ac-Ad (for single pass)


4.35 m2

Active or bubbling area

Ac-2Ad

Aa

3.7564387187 m2

Hole area

normally 10% of Aa

Ah

0.3756438719 m2

Weir Dimensions:
Recommended values for columns operating above atmospheric pressure for Weir Height
hw
hw

40-50mm
50 mm

Weir length of 0.77 times Dc is recommended or we can use graph for weir length
Ad/Ac

0.12 or

From graph the ratio


lw/Dc
lw

12

0.77
1.8775679399 m

or

Number of tray passes:


For one pass design, the liquid flow rate does not exceed 7to 13 gpm/in of outletweir .
for top section
liq flow
weir length lw
Ratio

341.5 gpm
73.920037551 in
4.6198569605 gpm/in of weir

for bottom section


liq flow
weir length lw
Ratio

753.8 gpm
73.920037551 in
10.197505642 gpm/in of weir

Both top and bottom liquid flow rate are in the given recommended range.
So we have selected singe pass cross flow with segmental downcomer.

Other tray specifications:


Assumed tray spacing
Hole diameter
Plate thickness

Tray Hydraulics:

0.5 m
5 mm
5 mm

for carbon steel

Weep Point:

from HYSYS

Maximum liquid rate


Turn down ratio
Min liq rate

89530 kg/hr
24.86944 kg/s
70 %
17.40861

how
how

64.68056 mm of liq
50.99244 mm of liq

Weir crest
Maximum
Minimum

At minimum rate
K2
From graph

hw+how

100.9924 mm
31

minimum design vapor velocity


Actual minimum vapor velocity

3.0258636788
Minimum Vapor rate/Ah
2.0850126433

Plate pressure drop:


Plate pressure drop is given by
first we calculate dry plate pressure drop

for orifice coefficient Co we use graph


Plate thickness/Hole diameter
Percent perforated area

1
0.1 or

from graph

Co

0.84

maximum vapor velocity through holes

Uh

2.9785894904

now

hd

21.3957075002

Residual head is given by

hr

23.900573614 mm of liq

The total plate drop is given by


ht

ht=hd+hr+(hw+how)

159.97683833 mm of liq

now
P
820.78196606 N/m2
for total pressure drop across all trays

or

Downcomer liquid backup:

here

Am is either the downcomer area or clearance area under the downcomer Aap, whichever is smaller
Taking height of Apron
hap
Area
Aap
Aap
hdc

hap=hw-10
40 mm
hap*lw
0.0751027176 m

less than downcomer area

66.546554312 mm of liq

downcomer liquid backup

hb

341.2039 mm of liq
0.341204 m

Residence time calculation:

tr

4.2559215822 s

3s

Entrainment Check:
percentage flooding = Un (act velocity based on net area)/Uf (flooding velocity based on net area)

Un
Uf
percentage flooding

0.2572418196 m/s
0.3026374349 m/s
0.85
85 %

FLV

0.2326270057

from graph
fractional entrainment

0.015 well below 0.1

Total Number of holes:


Number of holes = Ah/ah
here

ah

area of one hole

dh
ah
ah
Number of holes

5 mm
* dh /4
2

1.96375E-005 m2/hole
19128.904996
19129 holes

Height of Distillation Column:


Number of plates
Tray spacing
Distance between total plates

47
0.5
tray space*N
23.5

Top and bottom clearance usually amount to 15% of that required by trays
Top and Bottom Clearance
Tray thickness
total thickness

3.525
5
0.235

Total height of the column

27.26
89.4356984
90

ive volatilities are:

y key respctively.
Relative Volatility
5.1751965548
2.5124812959
2.0462409916
1
0.3849176901
0.1648967353

reflux ratio
(i * Xid)/(i - )
0.0326370887
0.1570655124
1.9114289368
-0.02
0
0
2.0811315378

Viscosity
0.0898229678
0.1170194946
0.1212563737
0.1438577385
0.1829353868
0.2201256675

Xf * Viscosity
0.0016527426
0.0073956321
0.0768280384
0.0204997277
0.0056344099
0.0245219994

Sum

0.13653255

and bottom for constant K1

ation taken from HYSYS

N/m

sctional area

m2

m2

ft
ft

ation taken from HYSYS

N/m

sctional area

m2

m2

ft
iameter through out the column.
ft

essure for Weir Height

for weir length


%

73.9200375514 in

pm/in of outletweir .

m/s
m/s

10

m/s
mm of liq

0.8207819661 KPa
38.5767524048 KPa

ncomer Aap, whichever is smaller

owncomer area

Setisfactory

ing velocity based on net area)

Setisfactory

m
m

m
mm/plate
m
m
ft
ft

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