1DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CC505 : STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
DETERMINE THE REACTIONS FOR
PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

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2DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

CONTENT

NO

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

TOPIC

PAGES

Introduction

3-5

Objective

Theory

78

Apparatus

Procedure

10 11

Result

12

Calculation

13

Discussion

14

Conclusion

15

References

16

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3DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

INTRODUCTION

The Continuous and Indeterminate Beams Virtual Experiments Software enables computer simulation
of experiments working with or without the Structures teaching hardware. It expands the scope of
experimentation beyond the limits of the hardware, allowing students to visualize , tabulate and graph
data, reducing the time required for students to obtain, process and present results.
It enables students to apply uniformly distributed loads to the beam, edit the cross-sectional shape of
the beam and Youngs modulus of the material. During experiments, the software displays theoretical
force and deflection diagrams. This allows students to realistically, efficiently and conveniently
investigate and compare the properties of a wide selection of beam types under varying applied loads.
The beams may be classified in several ways, but the commonly used classification is based on support
conditions. On this basis the beams can be divided into six types :
(1) Cantilever beams (2) Simply supported beams (3) Overhanging beams
(4) Propped beams

(5) Fixed beams

(6) Continuous beams

Cantilever beam :
A beam having one end fixed and the other end free is known as cantilever beam,
figure shows a cantilever with end A rigidly fixed into its supports, and the other end B is free. The
length between A and B is known as the length of cantilever.

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4DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

Simply supported beam :

A beam having both the ends freely resting on supports is called a simply supported beam. The reaction
act at the ends of effective span of the beam. Figure show simply supported beams. For such beams the
reactions at the two ends are vertical. Such a beam is free to rotate at the ends, when it bends.

Overhanging beams :
A beam for which the supports re not situated at the ends and one or both ends extend over the
supports, is called an overhanging beam. Figure represents overhanging beams.

Propped cantilever beams :

A cantilever beam for which one end is fixed and other end is provided support, in order to resist the
deflection of the beam, is called a propped cantilever bema. A propped cantilever is a statically
indeterminate beam. Such beams are also called as restrained beams, as an end is restrained from
rotation.
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5DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

Fixed beams :
A beam having its both the ends rigidly fixed against rotation or built into the supporting walls, is
called a fixed beam. Such a beam has four reaction components for vertical loading (i.e., a vertical
reaction and a fixing moment at both ends) figure shows the fixed beam.

Continuous beam :
A beam having more than two supports, is called as continuous beam. The supports at the ends are
called as the end supports, while all the other supports are called as intermediate support. It may or may
not have overhang. It is statically indeterminate beam. In these beams there may be several spans of
same or different lengths figure shows a continuous beam.

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6DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

OBJECTIVE

1. The object of this experiment is to determine the deflection at mid span of a propped cantilever
beam.
2. To determine the reaction and fixed end moment of cantilever beam with supported.
3. To determine the deflection at mid span of a propped cantilever beam.

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7DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

THEORY

1. General
A beam is a member which has the primary function of resisting transverse loading. Beam is
one of the simplest structures in design but one of the most complexes to analyze in terms of the
external and internal forces acting on it. The complexity of its behavior under load depends on
how it is supported at one or both ends and how its ends are attached to the supports. Three
basic beam types are the simply-supported ,overhanging, and cantilever beams .A beam
supported by a support at the ends and having one span is called a simply-supported beam
(Figure 1).A support will develop a reaction normal to the beam but will not produce a couple.
If either or both ends of the beam project beyond the supports, it is called overhanging beam
(Figure 2). A cantilever beam is one in which one ends is built into a wall or other support so
that the built-in end can neither move transversely nor rotate (Figure 3)

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8DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

2. Types of Load
A beam is normally horizontal, the loads being vertical, other cases which occur being locked
upon as exceptions. The two types of loads for beams are concentrated and distributed loads. I)
A concentrated load W [N] is one which is considered to act at a point, although in practice it
must really be distributed over a small area (Figures 1, 2 and 3).ii) A distributed load w [N/m] is
one which is spread in some manner over the length of the beam. The rate of loading may be
uniform, or may vary from point to point along the beam (Figure 2).
3. Types of Support
The deformations and stresses which result in a beam owing to a particular load (concentrated
load) or group of loads (distributed load) are dependent on the manner in which the beam is
supported. The three basic types of supports for beams are roller, pinned and fixed-end. I) A
roller support is one which exerts a reactive force having a known line of action (Figure 1).ii) A
pinned support in one which allows the beam freedom to rotate but prevents it from any linear
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9DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

movement(Figures 1 and 2).iii) A fixed-end support is one which prevents the beam from
translating or rotating at the point of support(Figure 3).
4. Deflection of Cantilever
The deflection under the load for a cantilever loaded at the free end is given by

APPARATUS

Propped cantilever beam apparatus, Weights, Dial gauge, Vernier Caliper, Specimen, Hangers, Spanner

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10DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

PROCEDURE

1. Looked at the enclosure for the arrangement of experiment.

2. We fix the support at the base within the length must equal to the length of beam, L, and we must
make sure the support have been fixed tightly.
3. Loosen the screw so that the aluminum rod can move left or right.
4. We put another beam between two pincers plat at moment support. Put another ending between two
roles pin up to reaction supported.
5. Another than that, Tight the screw at clip plat properly.
6. Tighten screw at reaction support as it will be copulate with role.
7. With put the balancing load at left side at pincers plat to straight the aluminum rod at moment
support.
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11DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

8. Move the string to the end of aluminum rod to pulley at the right support A & put load hanger at the
end of the string.
9. Determine the location which the load to be put. Fix the load hanger at the location.
10. Zero the dial gauge at the support A. Ensure the aluminum rod still in vertical position.
11. Joint the turn on the digital meter at the support.

12. For the Zero the digital meter reading with press the button Tare. Put down the load to the beam.
13. At support A, aluminum rod move to left showed the beam move in clock wise. Look the reading of
dial gauge.
14. We put the load hanger at the end of string to ensure the reading will zero.
15. The value of the value of the beam, at the end of rope digital meter was recorded.
16. Do the displace of beam from the entire load hanger and zero the dial gauge, increase the load and
the step are repeated.

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12DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

RESULT

Beam

= 1000 mm \ 1m

The load distance from the support B

= 440mm \ 0.44m

Fixed end moment (experiment)

= ( H * 220 ) Nmm

Load, W
(N)

Load at
pulley, H
(N)

Fixed end moment

(Nmm)
MF
MF
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Reaction at
support B,
RB (experiment)
= V (N)

Reaction at
support B,
RB (Theory)
= V (N)

13DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

(experiment
)

(theory)

QUESTION

1) Based on the experiment is conducted; we found that the relationship between the fix ended with
load moment and support reaction of the pin is connected. If the load is placed on the pin support
increasing the weight of the fixed and moment produced will also increase and vice versa.
2) Transition of Fix end moment and support reaction of the pin will change the load if the distance
from support B convertible. This will affect the load at the pulley, fixed and moment and reaction at
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support. When a load is to be stabilized, it will affect the load balance the appropriate distance so that
the load can be accommodated and not an error.
3)Based on the experiment that was conducted in 19Disember 2013, we found that the weight of the
support pin can be balanced by placing the burden on ad load pulley and unbelievably heavy reading
load between the two is about the same and are not too different. However, the reading load balance at
the pulley will change if the load distance from support B changed.
4) During the experiment determine the reactions for propoped cantilever beam is carried out, there are
some mistakes that often occur. Among these are easily swayed table during the process of the
experiment is conducted. Besides digital reaction machines were not on the figure zero. Moreover, the
needle meter manual reaction must also be set to zero before the process of putting the burden on the
beam is carried out.
Due to these problems, for reading and experiment results are good and perfect and we have to take
readings each experiment and the results, and we also have to take an average reading of each reading
the resulting balance for each different load.

DISCUSSION

1. For the above beam which loaded with one point load ,state the relationship between fix
ended moment with load and reaction of pin support.
For a beam loaded with a single point as above, state the relationship between the
fixed end moment and load. When the load is added, the fixed end moment is increasing
constantly.

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15DETERMINE THE REACTION FOR PROPOPED CANTILEVER BEAM

2. How the transition of fix ended moment and reaction of pin support if the load if acted
far from the pin support?
Will the relationship between the reaction and load be linear if the beam is
loaded with more than one with different magnitude of load because it will cause the
reaction increasing not in constant.

3. From the experiment result ,give your conclusion.

Comment on accuracy of result obtained in this experiment. The accuracy of result
obtained is slightly different.

4. State the sources of error and suggest the reaction that can be taken to solve it.
- the screw at the fixed end support is not tightening properly
- the reading of the distance of load from support not taken accurately
- the slope point is not taken accurately

CONCLUSION

The importance of the study are as follows:

I.
II.

III.
IV.

Identifying the suitability of the apparatus and the bending moment for the
activity teaching and learning.
Can help the process of teaching and learning in subjects mechanics
two solid which can make smaller groups during conducting laboratory
experiments.
This study can also be applied to the related fields of industry
heavy building structures, bridges and so on.
Can make an accurate calculation of the capacity of the beam
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when subjected to strain

REFFENCES

http://www.scribd.com/doc/448100/Structures-Lab-1-Cantilever-Flexure-Beam
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/31481909/Lab-Test-_1---Cantilever-Beam
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/99553771/experiment_no_8_propped_cantilever_beam

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