IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 08 | February 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Non Linear Time History Analysis of Building

with Seismic Control Systems
Prof. N Murali Krishna
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
University College of Engineering, Osmania University

Md Masihuddin Siddiqui
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Muffakham Jah College of Engineering & Technology

Abstract
Many buildings in the present scenario have irregular configurations both in plan and elevation. This in future may be subjected
to devastating earthquakes. So it is necessary to enhance the seismic performance of asymmetric buildings by using seismic
control techniques to control the rotational induced torsion due to the asymmetric behaviour of the structure. In the present study,
asymmetric buildings have been taken into account to control the seismic response of the structure. The present study is on the
nonlinear time history analysis, considering the effect of use of shear wall and base isolation system. The RCC moment resisting
frame is subjected to nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). The analysis engines used for the analysis and design are SAP
2000 version 16[3]. In the study, storey drifts, base shear, torsional moment and storey displacement of the structure were
studied. The results indicate that significant effect of the base isolation was observed on the storey drift, base shear, storey
displacement and torsional moment of low rise asymmetric buildings and significant effect of the shear wall was observed on the
same responses of high rise asymmetric buildings.
Keywords: NLTHA, shear wall, Isolation system
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

The prediction of the response of a structure to a particular type of loading is of utmost importance for the design of structure.
Basically the codes [1], [2] and previous experiences provide us with a lot of information regarding the type of loads and their
intensities for different types of structures and the site conditions. The analysis procedure to be adopted purely depends upon the
engineers choice as per the accuracy of the work required. The nonlinear time history analysis can be regarded as the most
accurate method of seismic demand prediction and performance evaluation of structures. Although, this method requires the
selection of an appropriate set of ground motion, detailed site conditions and also a numerical tool to handle the analysis of the
data, which is in many cases computationally expensive still it is regarded as the most detailed analysis and highly accurate
analysis method[4].
For performing Non-linear time history analysis a real time Earthquake Ground acceleration data was selected from the
seismic Zone-V according to the IS 1893-2002 part-1[5] classification, which has a zone factor of 0.36 from a place called Bhuj
in the state of Gujarat which had devastating effects when the earthquake caused havoc in the year 2001. The earthquake record
was scaled to the peak acceleration to increase the intensity of the earthquake. The response history of the structure was
displayed at every time step was displayed in the output by the software package Sap 2000 which included displacement
responses, force responses and various other responses.
II. SEISMIC CONTROL
The control of structural vibrations produced by earthquake or wind loads can be done by various fundamental means. These
conceptual approaches include modifying rigidities, masses, damping, or shape, and by providing passive or active counter
forces. To date, some methods of structural control have been used successfully and newly proposed methods offer the
possibility of extending applications and improving efficiency. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to research
and development of structural control systems.
Shear Wall:
A shear wall is a vertical structural element, that resist lateral forces in the plane of the wall through shear and bending such a
wall acts as a beam cantilevered out of the foundation. Shear walls have been the most common structural elements used for
stabilizing the building structures against lateral forces. Shear walls provide large strength and stiffness to buildings in the
direction of their orientation, which significantly reduces lateral sway of the building and thereby reduces damage to structure
and its contents. Since shear walls carry large horizontal earthquake forces, the overturning effects on them are large. Thus,
design of their foundations requires special attention. Shear walls should be provided along preferably both length and width. In

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past earthquakes, buildings with sufficient amount of walls that were not specially detailed for seismic performance (but had
enough well distributed reinforcement) were saved from collapse.
Shear walls are efficient, both in terms of construction cost and effectiveness in minimizing earthquake damage in structural
and non-structural elements[6]. On the other hand, shear walls present barriers, which may interfere with architectural and
services requirement. Added to this, lateral load resistance in shear wall buildings is usually concentrated on a few walls rather
than on large number of columns.
Base Isolation:
The concept of protecting a building from the damaging effects of an earthquake by introducing some type of support that
isolates it from the shaking ground is called Base Isolation. It is a passive control device that is installed between the foundation
and the base of the building.

Fig. 1: Function of Base Isolation system.

The base isolation system introduces a layer of low lateral stiffness between the structure and the foundation. With this
isolation layer the structure has a natural period which is much longer than its fixed base natural period. This lengthening of the
period can reduce the pseudo-acceleration and hence the earthquake induced forces in the structure [7]. In buildings, the base
isolator protects the structure from earthquake forces in two ways:
1) by deflecting the seismic energy and
2) By absorbing the seismic energy.
III. CASE STUDY
The aim of the present work is to reduce seismic response of structures using shear wall and base isolators in SAP 2000. The
layout of plan having asymmetric 3x3 bays of equal length of 4m. The plan is kept same for all buildings by varying floor levels
of 4, 7, 10 and 20. Four buildings by varying floor levels of fixed base (normal structure), four buildings by varying floor levels
with shear wall and four buildings by varying floor levels with base isolation are considered for the study and the structures are
subjected to seismic excitations and observed the reduction in seismic response.
The BHUJ earthquake data is used as ground motion data for performing non-linear time history analysis.
Table - 1
Preliminary Data
S.no

Variable

Data

Type of structure

Moment resisting frame

Number of Stories

4,7,10& 20

Floor height

3m

Live load

5.0 kN/m2

Dead load

10.0 kN/m2

Materials

Concrete (M30) and reinforced with HYSD bars (Fe500)

Size of column

Size of beams
Specific weight of RCC

725x550 mm
600x450 mm in
longitudinal direction
600x450 mm in
transverse direction
25 kN/m3

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Non Linear Time History Analysis of Building with Seismic Control Systems
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10

Zone

11

Importance factor

12

Response reduction factor

13

Type of soil

Medium

a). Building without Shear wall

b). Building with shear wall c). Building with base isolator
Fig. 2 : Four Storey Building Models

In total 12 building structures were modeled in SAP 2000, which were subjected to gravity loads and lateral loads as per IS
codes. The structural models were analyzed and designed using the provisions of IS 456-2000. Then these models were subjected
to Nonlinear Dynamic loading in the form of Time History data, by Double Integration method.
Non-Linear Time History Analysis:
Earth-quake ground acceleration records namely N-W BHUJ components of the BHUJ earthquake record have been selected.
The records are defined for the acceleration points with respect to a time-interval of 0.005 second. The acceleration record has
units of m/sec2 and has a total number of 26,706 acceleration data coordinates out of which the most critical data points which
are of the highest intensity are the first 13,000 acceleration data coordinates have been considered.
Four building models which were neither provided with base isolator nor there were supported by shear wall were considered as
the bench mark for comparison. The shear walls were provided for the next four models of varying number of floors. The
remaining four models were provided by base isolators.
Properties of Base Isolators:

Fig. 2a: Rubber bearing Base Isolator properties in the functional local axes.

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Non Linear Time History Analysis of Building with Seismic Control Systems
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IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained are of different parameters such as storey displacements, storey drifts, base shear and base torsion.

Fig. 3(a): and 3(d) Storey drift comparison

Fig. 4(a) to 4(d): Base shear comparison

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Non Linear Time History Analysis of Building with Seismic Control Systems
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Fig. 5(a) to 5(d): Torsional moment comparison

Fig 6(a) to 6(d) Story displacement comparison

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Non Linear Time History Analysis of Building with Seismic Control Systems
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V. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are drawn from the present work:
- The use of Shear wall and Base isolation technique in asymmetrical buildings have showed good results when it is compared
with that obtained from the asymmetrical buildings without base isolation (fixed base).
- The shear wall building reduces the storey drift effectively by 37%, 30%, 19%, and 30% for 4, 7, 10 and 20 stories
respectively when compared to the buildings without base isolation.
- The base isolation building reduces the storey drift more effectively by 89%, 80%, 50% and 45% as storey level increases
when compared to the buildings without base isolation.
- The reduction in base shear by shear wall building is 23%, 24%, 22% and 11% as storey level increases when compared to
the buildings without base isolation.
- The reduction in base shear by base isolation buildings is 78%, 77%, 43% and 5% as storey level increases when compared
to buildings without base isolation.
- Also there is very much decrease in torsional moment which is the most important response of asymmetrical buildings.
Hence the shear wall building reduces the torsional moment by 39%, 42%, 38%, and 47% as storey level increases when
compared to the buildings without base isolation.
- Whereas the base isolation buildings also reduces the torsional moment by 78%, 77%, 44%, and 27% respectively.
- It is observed from the above that the shearwall building shows much control of base shear, torsional moment and storey
displacement for twenty storey building than the same storey building with base isolation system.
- The overall results suggested that base isolations were excellent seismic control device for low-rise asymmetric buildings
where as shear wall were excellent for high-rise asymmetric buildings.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

FEMA 356, NEHPR guidelines for Pre standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, prepared for Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington DC, Nov-2000.
ATC 40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings, Vol.1, Applied Technology Council, Redwood city, CA, 1996.
SAP2000 V16, Structural Analysis Program, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Jonathan Chambers and Trevor Kelly "Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis-the only option for irregular structures." 13th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering Vancouver, Canada. August 1-6, 2004. Paper No.1389
IS 1893(Part 1):2002 - Indian Standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures (5 th revision), 2002.
Romy Mohan and C Prabha, "Dynamic analysis of RCC Buildings with shear wall. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 09745904, volume 04, October 2011, pp 659-662.
"P. P. Thakare, O. R. Jaiswal" Comparative Study of Fixed Base and Base Isolated Building using Seismic Analysis". International Journal of Earth
Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp 520-525

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