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Lec00 Introduction

This document introduces a course on computer engineering. It discusses how computers have become ubiquitous in modern society through devices like cell phones, laptops, and servers. It outlines how the course will cover topics like computer organization, architecture, and programming. It also provides examples of typical homework and exam scores from past semesters and encourages students to study in groups to reinforce the material.

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40 views

Lec00 Introduction

This document introduces a course on computer engineering. It discusses how computers have become ubiquitous in modern society through devices like cell phones, laptops, and servers. It outlines how the course will cover topics like computer organization, architecture, and programming. It also provides examples of typical homework and exam scores from past semesters and encourages students to study in groups to reinforce the material.

Uploaded by

bks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer

Engineering
CS/ECE 252, Fall 2012
Prof. Guri Sohi
Computer Sciences Department
University of Wisconsin Madison

Computers Everywhere

Cell phone
Laptop
Tablet
Servers for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
etc.

All Computers
Software/Hardware separation key

Computers!
Engineers and scientists of all disciplines rely on
computers for many aspects of their work
Not just word processing, spreadsheets, CAD, etc.
Computational methods, data mining, analysis/synthesis are
fundamental to advances in many fields

Many of the advanced techniques used in todays


microprocessors were invented right here at UW
Some of the most renowned computer design
researchers in the world are on our faculty
There is a near-100% likelihood that a Wisconsin
graduate helped design the computer or processor that
you own

Phenomenal Growth

8MB Disk Pack


6 Disk
IPod (160GB)
(160GB/8MB = 20,000x)

Computer useful & then 20,000x better!

$16 base; 60% growth


Year Salary

Comments

$16

Base

3
15
24
36

$64
$16K
$100K
$300M

Still live at home


Buy car
Buy house
Need fundamentally new
ways to spend money

Performance Growth
Unmatched by any other industry !
[John Crawford, Intel]
Doubling every 18 months (1982-1996): 800x
Cars travel at 44,000 mph and get 16,000 mpg
Air travel: LA to NY in 22 seconds (MACH 800)
Wheat yield: 80,000 bushels per acre

Doubling every 24 months (1971-1996): 9,000x


Cars travel at 600,000 mph, get 150,000 mpg
Air travel: LA to NY in 2 seconds (MACH 9,000)
Wheat yield: 900,000 bushels per acre

This Course
This course will:
Help you understand the significance and pervasiveness
of computers in todays society and economy
Teach you how computers really operate and how they
are designed
Introduce you to concepts that students in the Computer
Engineering degree program learn in depth over four
years
Prepare and motivate you for study in this degree
program
Will count towards GCR introduction to engineering
requirement

Go Over Web Page


http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~sohi/cs252/Fall2012/

Instructor & TAs


Textbook
Lecture Notes
Schedule
Computing and Simulator
Grading
Exams
Homework

Course Outline
Prerequisite none
Major topics in course

Introduction to computers and computing


Information representation and manipulation
Logic elements and combinational Logic
Sequential Logic and Memory
Simple computer organization, design and operation
Machine language and instruction set architecture
Assembly language
Programming constructs

Advice
Textbook read BEFORE corresponding lecture
Homework completed in study groups
Will reinforce in-class coverage
Will help you prepare for midterm exams

Study Groups
Groups of 2, should meet weekly, learn from each other
Review material, complete homework assignments
Each submitted homework should include consensusbased statement of work

Sample Homework Stats


SP10-1

SP10-2

F10

F11

HW 1
HW 2
HW 3

103.1
91.3
97.0

103.6
87.4
94.3

103.7
83.8
89.2

93.7
92.7
82.0

HW 4
HW 5

91.6
89.7

88.9
82.5

69.6
85.2

88.4
88.2

HW 6
HW 7
HW 8

73.1
74.6
89.5

70.1
68.8
70.2

74.9
94.2
74.6

89.1
58.1
73.9

Sample Exam Stats


Exam

SP10-1

SP10-2

F10

F11

Exam I
Exam II

90.8
82.5

88.0
79.1

80.9
85.6

87.2
83.8

Exam III 77.2


Exam IV 77.9

70.5
74.3

67.8
75.3

64.0
76.0

Technology
Technology advances at astounding rate
19th century: attempts to build mechanical
computers
Early 20th century: mechanical counting systems
(cash registers, etc.)
Mid 20th century: vacuum tubes as switches
Since: transistors, integrated circuits

1965: Moores law [Gordon Moore]


Predicted doubling of capacity every 18 months
Has held and will continue to hold

Drives functionality, performance, cost


Exponential improvement for 40 years

Applications
Corollary to Moores Law:
Cost halves every two years
In a decade you can buy a computer for less than its
sales tax today. Jim Gray

Computers cost-effective for

National security weapons design


Enterprise computing banking
Departmental computing computer-aided design
Personal computer spreadsheets, email, web
Pervasive computing prescription drug labels

Countless industries revolutionized

Some History
Date Event

Comments

1947 1st transistor

Bell Labs

1958 1st IC

Jack Kilby (MSEE 50) @TI


Winner of 2000 Nobel prize
Intel (calculator market)
2300 transistors
29K transistors
1M transistors
5.5M transistors
1.7B transistors

1971 1st microprocessor

1974
1978
1989
1995
2006

Intel 4004
Intel 8086
Intel 80486
Intel Pentium Pro
Intel Montecito

Abstraction and Complexity


Abstraction helps us
manage complexity
Complex interfaces
Specify what to do
Hide details of how

Goal: Use abstractions yet


still understand details
Scope of this
course

Application Program
CS302
Operating System

Compiler
CS537
CS536
Machine Language (ISA)
CS/ECE354
Computer Architecture
CS/ECE552
Digital Design
CS/ECE352
Electronic circuits
ECE340

Computer As a Tool
Many computers today are embedded
Fixed functionality
Appliance-like
Not really programmable by end user

Not the focus of this course!


Instead, programmable computers
Learn to think of computer as a tool

Program?
Algorithm or set of steps that computer follows
Human brains wired to work this way

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