Assignment Questions and Solutions

THE NATURE AND PROPAGATION OF LIGHT

Answer:

Question 33.14:

Answer:

Question 33.21:

Answer:

Question 33.30:

Answer:

GEOMETRIC OPTICS
Question 34.4:

Answer:

Question 34.28:

Answer:

Question 34.53:

Answer:

INTERFERENCE
Question 35.10:

Answer:

Question 35.20:

Answer:

Question 35.37:
Light containing two wavelengths 1 and 2 falls normally, giving Newtons rings. If the (n-1)th dark ring
due to 1 coincide with the nth dark ring due to 2, prove that the radius of the nth dark ring due to 2

is

1 2 R
(1 2) .

Answer:
The diameter of (n-1)th dark ring due to 1 is given by

D n1= 4 (n1) 1 R
The diameter of nth the dark ring due to 2 is given by

D n = 4 n 2 R
As per the question, Dn-1 = Dn
Hence,

4 (n1) 1 R= 4 n 2 R

( n1 ) 1=n 2
Or

1
n( 1 2)= 1 ; n=
( 1 2 )

Now
Radius of the nth dark ring is

r n= n 2 R=

1 2 R
( 1 2)

DIFFRACTION
Question 36.2:
A He-Ne laser of 6328 illuminates a 0.4 mm wide slit. Find the width of the central maxima on a
screen kept at a distance of 1.6m.
Answer:
= 6328 = 6328 x 10-10 m;

a=0.4mm=0.0004m;

f=1.6 m

/a=y/f
Or y= (f/a)
i.e. y=(6328 x 10-10x1.6)/0.0004=2.53x10-3 m
Hence Full width of the central maxima is = 2y=2x2.53x10 -3=5.06 x10-3 m =5.06mm
Question 36.15:
In Fraunhofer, diffraction due to narrow slit of width 0.1 mm, the first maxima lies 15.8 mm on either
side of the central maxima on a screen kept at a distance of 2.5 m from the slit. Calculate the
wavelength of the light used.
Answer:
a=0.1mm=0.0001m;

f=2.5 m, y1= 15.8mm=15.8x10-3 m

Here first maxima means the first secondary maxima. The condition of first secondary maxima in
single slit is a sin = (m+1/2) ; Here m = 1; hence (m+1/2) = 3/2=1.5
(m+1/2)/a=y1/f; where m = 1
Or = y1a/(m+1/2)f
= (15.8x10-3x0.0001)/(1.5x2.5)= 4.213x10-7 m
= 4213

Question 36.30:
Parallel beam of the two wavelengths 5890 and 5896 of a sodium vapour lamp fall on a diffraction
grating having 6000 lines/cm. Estimate the dispersion produced by the grating of two wavelengths, in
the first order spectra

Answer:
1 = 5890 = 5890 x 10-8 cm and 2 = 5896 = 5896 x 10-8 cm
d = (a+b) = 1/6000 = 1.166x10-4 cm
(a+b)sin 1=n 1 where n = 1
1 = sin-1{ 1/(a+b)}= sin-1{5890 x 10-8/(1.166x10-4)}
Hence, 1 =30.33 degree
(a+b)sin2=n2 where n = 1
2 = sin-1{2/(a+b)}= sin-1{5896 x 10-8/(1.166x10-4)}
Hence, 2 =30.37 degree
Hence the dispersive angle (angular separation) for both the wavelength is
d = 2- 1 = 30.37 -30.33 degree
d = 0.04

degree

=6.98x10

-4

radians

Dispersive power = d /d = 6.98 x 10-4 radians /(6 x 10-10 m) = 1.16 x 106 radians/m

RELATIVITY

Question 37.5:
Two thousand -mesons are produced at an altitude of 40 km. how many -mesons should an average
reach sea level before they decay if the velocity of mesons is 0.999c and if their mean life is 2.2x10 -6 s.
when are they rest? (Assume the -mesons travel vertically down without loss of energy).

Answer:
Given u = 0.999c; N0 = 2000
t0 = 2.2 x 10-6 s
t=

t0

u2
c2

Hence, t = 4.9205 x 10-5 s =

N=N o e

N=2000 e

13 .34 x 10
5
4 . 92 x10

N = 132

Question 37.10:
Find the proper of a rod, if in the laboratory frame its velocity is u=c/3 and its length l =1.5 m and the
angle between the rod and direction of motion is 30.

Answer:
u = c/3; l = 1.5 m and = 30
The length of the rod in horizontal direction

l=l 0 cos

u2
c2

Or

l 0=
cos

u2
1 2
c

Hence,

l 0=1.837 m
Question 37.18:

The density of a stationary body is equal to 0. Find the velocity of an observer for whom the
density of the body measures 40 % more.
Answer:
Given, =0+0.40 =1.4 0
Given /0 = 1.4
= 0/[1-(u2/c2)]1/2
Or 0/ =[1-(u2/c2)]1/2
(1/1.4)2 = 1-(u2/c2)
0.510=1-(u2/c2)
Hence, u 2=( 1-0.5102)c
So, u = 0.699c
10

Question 37.27:

Answer:

Question 37.33:
Answer:

11

Question 38.9:

PHOTONS: LIGHT WAVES BEHAVING AS PARTICLES

Answer:

Question 38.17:

Answer:

12

Question 38.23:

Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated by a potential difference of 15.0 KV. If an electron
produces a photon on impact with the target, what is the minimum wavelength of the
resulting X-rays?
Answer:

Given, VAC = 15 KV = 15 x 103 V

Question 38.28:

Answer:

13

PARTICLES BEHAVING AS WAVES

Answer:

Question:

Answer:

14

Question 39.26:
Find the kinetic, potential and total energies of the electron in hydrogen atom in the second excited
level, and find the wavelength of the photon emitted in the transition from the second excited level to
the ground level.
Answer:

So, Kn = 13.6/n2 eV
Here, n = 3 (second excited level)
Hence, Kn= 1.511 eV

So, Un = -27.2/n2 eV

Here, n = 3 (second excited level)

So, Kn = 13.6/n2 eV
Here, n = 3 (second excited level)
Hence, En= -13.6/9 = -1.511 eV

nL = 1 and nU = 3
R = 1.07 x 10-7 m-1
= 105.1 nm

15

Question:

Answer:

Question 39.37:
Answer:

16

Question 39.42:
A body emits radiation of wavelength m=0.5x10-6 m corresponding to its maximum energy. What is its
absolute temperature?
Answer:

Given, m = 0.5x10-6 m
Apply Wien displacement law, is given by
mT = constant (b) = 2.90x 10-3 m.K
Hence, T = 2.90x 10-3 /0.5 x 10-6 = 5800 K

Question:

Answer:

17

QUANTUM MECHANICS
Question 40.2:

Answer:

Question 40.13:

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18

Question 40.31:

In the case of a particle in a box of length L, divide the region 0 to L into 3 parts, 0 to L/4, L/4
to 3L/4 and 3L/4 to L. Calculate the probability of finding the particle in any of these three
regions when it is in the ground state.
Answer:

For particle in a Box, ground state (n = 1) wave function is , (x) = (2/L)1/2Sin( x)

x2

x
2
P=| ( x)| dx= sin 2 dx
L x1
L
x1

x 1
2 x
P=
sin
L 2
L

P 1=

x 1
2 x

sin
L 2
L

x2
x1

L/ 4
0

P1 =0.25-0-1/2 =0.0908
P 2=

x 1
2 x

sin
L 2
L

3 L/ 4

L/ 4

P2=0.5
P 3=

x 1
2 x

sin
L 2
L

3 L/ 4

P3 =0.25+1/2=0.4092
Hence the total probability is P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 0.091+0.5+0.4092 = 1

19

Question 40.35:

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Question 40.42:

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ADDITIONAL NUMERICALS

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INTERFERENCE

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Question:

DIFFRACTION

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RELATIVITY
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25

PHOTONS: LIGHT WAVES BEHAVING AS PARTICLES

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27

PARTICLE BEHAVING AS WAVES

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28

QUANTUM MECHANICS

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