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Data Data: Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle

The document discusses the data/information/knowledge cycle. It defines data as raw facts without meaning, information as processed data with a purpose that adds to the receiver's knowledge, and knowledge as the application of reasoned analysis of information. The cycle involves data being collected and organized into information through processing and logic, which can then be analyzed and used to build knowledge. Effective knowledge requires information to be complete, accurate, relevant and timely.

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jojoj
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© © All Rights Reserved
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51 views

Data Data: Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle

The document discusses the data/information/knowledge cycle. It defines data as raw facts without meaning, information as processed data with a purpose that adds to the receiver's knowledge, and knowledge as the application of reasoned analysis of information. The cycle involves data being collected and organized into information through processing and logic, which can then be analyzed and used to build knowledge. Effective knowledge requires information to be complete, accurate, relevant and timely.

Uploaded by

jojoj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle

Data

Facts Without A Meaning


S
86

Data, Information & Knowledge

Data

Data Elements & Processes

The raw facts; word(s), values,


actions, symbols, etc.

Logical
L
i l output
t t off a Transaction
T
ti
Processing System where Data is
collected, organized and reported

Knowledge
}

Components Defines data


Data Flows
}

Information
}

87

The movement or flow of data through


the system

Data Analysis
Processing Logic

The understanding of information - To


Enable

Steps and rules used to transform data


into information

92

Other Data Components

Internal
External

}
}

Complete, Correct & Valid

Period

Current
Short to intermediate
Historical

Gathered From
}

Data Focus - Distinctness of facts


Accuracy

Internal Data Sources

Sources

94

}
}

S
95

Personal Experiences & Events or


other activity
Reports
p
& Memoranda's
Process and Procedures Manuals
Committees & Group Activities
Managers
Archived Records
Other Sources

S
96

External Data Sources

Data Focus

Gathered From
}
}
}

}
}
}
}
}

Client Transactions
Data Warehouses
Colleagues, Friends & Fellow
Professionals
Public and Private Agencies
Professional Meetings & Conferences
Books & Journals
Reports
Other Sources

External Focus
i
i
i
i

Internal Focus
i
i
i
i

Economic
Technology
Political
Social

Physical Assets
Human Resources
Security
Product
Inertial of Decisions & Views

97

S
98

Data Analysis

Processing Logic
Policy for Writing up Sales

Access Price
Price--File by Part
Part--Number from the
Incoming--Order.
Incoming
C
Copy
Unit
UnitU it-Price
P i from
f
P
Price
Pricei -File
Fil -Record
FileR
d
into Unit
Unit--Price of Sales
Sales--Form.
Set SubSub-total to product of Unit
Unit--Price and
Quantity--Ordered.
Quantity
Set SalesSales-Tax to 3% of SubSub-Total.
Set Total to SubSub-Total Plus Sales
Sales--Tax.
S

Basic; Pie, Bar, & Line Charts


Variations;

}
}

}
}

Pareto A bar chart ranked by


importance
Hi t
Histograms
Frequency
F
distribution
di t ib ti
Scattergrams Relationship of two
variables
Time Series Measures over time
Control Charts Other graphic
representation of data
S

99

Data Types

Counts

Quantitative Numerical values

Counts
Measures
Constants & Variables

Number of;
}
}
}

Qualitative Word or phase descriptions


Visual Characteristic of Data
S

Orders
Students
It
Items
sold
ld
complaints

Measures

Constance & Variables

Weight
Cost
Size
Grade
Mile
Interest rate

Pay Rate
Formulas
Days in a Year/Month
Holidays

Visual Characteristic of Data

Data vs. Information

Examples;
}

Color

Shape

Area

Indicators

Red, Green, Blue


Square Circle
Square,
Circle, Triangle

Data

Information

Deposits, withdrawals, interest, and service


charges for a certain month, plus the forwarding
balance from the previous month
Moving images, dialog, music, and commentary

Bank Statement

Titles, subtitles, words, paragraphs, quotations,


and pictures
Names, email address, SID, phone number,
department, course, course-id, course-name
section, quarter, year, days
Loud obnoxious noises, a black and white vehicle
behind your vehicle, a uniform person driving,
blue lights flashing, PULL OVER on the speaker.

Midwest, South, North


Check marks, Binary, Choice

A police vehicle
directing you to
pull over

Efficient
Data
ElementComposition
Composition
Rich Data
Element

Information Purpose
Information

Television News
Report
Newspaper
Report
Class Roster

Purpose

Bank Statement

Reports how much money you had in your


account at the beginning of the month, the
amounts that you deposited or withdrew during
the month, bank charges, and how much you
have now.
T l i i News
Television
N
C
Communicates
i t (or
( tries
t i to
t communicate)
i t ) the
th
Report
what, when, how and (perhaps why of an event
to the audience.
Newspaper Report To inform the public
Class Roster
Provides the professor with name and contact
information for class members
Year-End Report
Attempts to tell an audience how well the
organization did in the previous year, why, and
what to expect in the future.

Value
Name
Precision
Data qualifier (e.g., greater than, )
Uncertainties (single or multi
multi--valued)
Measurement units (standard or custom)
Data history/management (Data
Dictionary)
Initialization scripts
Other attributes - names, symbols,
synonyms, presentation formats
S
111

Knowledge

Knowledge, an Organizations Resource

Knowledge - the application of reasoned


analysis of information, and
Information does not produce
knowledge
}

Complete
Accurate
Relevant and
Timely

Knowledge Based Society


}
}
}

Knowledge
K
l d iimplies
li synthesis
h i off
information
Therefore, useful knowledge must be;

Called digital society or new economy


Brains not hands
Education is critical
Issues - Digital divide, privacy, etc

Knowledge Worker
}

A well-educated professional who


creates, modifies, or synthesizes
knowledge in ones profession
S

114

Information

Information

What is Information?

. . . The logical result of processing,

manipulating and organizing data in a


way that adds to the knowledge of the
receiver.. . . .
receiver

Processed Data with a Purpose

116

Information Classes

}
}

Users Responses to Information

Class 1 Derived from quantifiable facts


}

Events and Transactions


Demographics
Product Reliability Statistics

Class 2 - From not quantifiable facts


}
}
}

117

Descriptions; person or object


How things are done
Observations

118

Interpret
Understand
Correlate
Extrapolate
Decide
Take Action

119

Information Impact

Information Properties

Enables;

Attributes

Problem Detection

Qualities

Decision Making

Structures

Productivity Enhancements &

Knowledge Work

W
120

Information Qualities

122

Information Attributes

Cost
ost--Effective
Accuracy
Relevance & Complete
Time
ime--sensitive
Reliability & Audibility

Detail, General or Specific

Level of summarization

Past/Present/Future
/
/

Internal Vs. External

Scope, Reliability and non


subjective

123

Information Structures

Structured Information

Structured
Unstructured
Semi structured
}

124

some structured
d and
d
some unstructured`

S
125

Detailed
Current
Concerned with past events
Highly accurate, not subjective data
Narrow range of facts
Internal activities
S
126

Unstructured Information

Broad range of facts


Summarized
Less current
Concerned with future events
Includes subjective data
Outside and inside sources
S
127

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