3i-infotech PL/SQL Interview Questions

Explain your project

difference between case and decode
difference between procedure and package
select * from emp what are the steps to follow sql engine to display the
output
what is parsing and types of parsing
what is materialized view
what is the use of forward declaration
can we use commit in trigger, without pragma can we commit trigger it is
compile or not.
we are using :old,:new , before trigger processing what is the value of :new.
create table a;
delete from b(10 records);
roll back;
select count(*) from b; what is the output

Explain about yourself and it experience?

What are the environments are you worked?
You have any experience in production?
You have any experience in unix?
What is dual? It is database object?
How many column's and row's contains dual table?
Select '1'+1 from dual; what is output?
Select * from emp where comm in (null);
Comm=null;

what is output?

How to count no of records in table without count?

What is height sal whthout using max()?
Select only those employee information who are earning same salary?
How to find last inserted records from table?
Select 'vik'||null||'ram' from dual? What is output?
I have table, in column data is 'su@re#sh$', now i want
'suresh'? How to retrive?

to my output is

How to retrive top 3 salaries from each departments?

Can you update complex view? If no, why?
How to know oracle use my index or not?
When should rebuild one an index?
Tell me some errors?
Tell me some restrictions on cursor variables?
What is context swithcing?
What is bulk collect?
What is nullif()?
What is mutating error?
What are the module's , you are working?
Which will fire default first statement level or row level trigger?
What is bulkcollect? And any restrictions in bulkcollect?
What is the use of limit clause in bulkcollect?
How to debugg your code?
How to trace error handling?
How to find which line error was raised?
What are the methods there in save exceptions?
What is functional based index? Write syntax?
How to update complex view?

Can you alter procedure with in package?

Is it possible to open cursor which is in package in another procrdure?
What is substr()&instr()?
Difference between case and decode?
Can you use sysdate in check constraints? If no, why?
Difference between column level constraints&table level
What is optimizer?
What is nested_loop join?
What is pivot operater?
Tell me some oracle 10g features?
What is m_view?
What is master & detail tables?
What is sqlcode and sqlerrm?
Diff b/w procedure & packages?
What are the dis_adv of packages?
Accenture PL/SQL Interview Questions
What are different types of queries
Write a correlated sub query and explain how it works
What are different type of statements
What TCL do
What is difference between stored procedure and function
How you handle errors
What is %type and %row type
What are different types of cursors
How implicit cursor works
What are different type of triggers

constraints?

Write a pl/sql block for trigger at the time of insertion for inserting old and
new values auditing table.
What are different types of joins
What self join do
Write an example and explain about self join
Write an example for left outer join and how output comes
What is difference between in and = operator
What is package
Tell some advantages of packages
What are collections in pl/sql
What are pointers in c
How you connect to data base
some more interview questions asked in scope
Difference between cursor for loop and for loop, which is faster?
In proc and PL/SQL, which is faster?
Which is best method to kill the process (unix or oracle)?
Difference between c shell, bourn shell, k shell?
What is inode?
How to search two patterns using grep pattern?
Difference between ls and find?
Difference between view and snapshot?
Difference between function and procedure?
Why we cannot use DDL commands in procedure?
Difference between global variable and static global variable?
How to access variable of nested procedure?
If we have both user exception and system exception, which will be handled
first?

Difference between anonymous block and normal block?

Can we create snapshot for another schema?
How to access table from another database?
Attra Infotech PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is driving table?
As a developer how to tune sql query, explain the steps.
Can we create a primary key constraint on 2 columns and foreign key on
other column is it possible?
Create sequence sequence_name; , this sequence generate a sequence value
or not.
Write a query to find 4th highest salary (without analytical function).
10 records in excel file, i wan to load 8 records only through sql * loader, is it
possible.
Explain records and collections.
What is difference between procedure and function except procedure may or
not return value and function must return value.
I have table A with 1 lack records write a program using any collection , forall
insert data into B table and use limit 10000.
I have created a simple view but there is no base table, what happens.
Birlasoft PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is the use of package
What is module overloading?
What are composite data types.
What is the use of record. Why we use record.
What is the difference b/w pl/sql record and pl/sql table.
What is collection?
Difference b/w nested tables and varrays.
What is isolation table?

What are dead locks.

What are shared locks and implicit locks.
How many types of cursors we use.
What is the ref cursor and how to send unlimited data to front end.
Syntax of sql *loader.
How to get the data from database to unix environment
How to control module over loading.
Capgemini PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is difference between Char and Varchar2.
What is Trunc function where we can use it?
What is Round function and Sign function.
What INSTRING AND SUB STRING.
Difference between Translate and Decode.
Difference between Delete and Truncate.
Which is faster Case or Decode.
What are pseudo columns in oracle
What is Implicit and Explicit cursor.
Difference between Primary key and Unique.
Difference between procedure and function.
Can we use Out parameter in Function.
Can we use return statement in procedure.
If we use out parameter in function and also use return statement , function
return 2 values or one value.
What is advantages of Packages.
I have a package with 2 procedures and same name with different signature it
is possible.
How many types of trigger, instead of trigger.

What is mutating table, how to resolve the error.

What are pragma exception types.
Tell me how to delete duplicate rows on a table.
I have a table and create a row level trigger on a table, i deleted 10
records,how many times records are deleted(raised another question now
rows deleted what happens)
Capgemini PL/SQL Interview Questions asked in Chennai
What is your roles and responsibility?
How to communicate to your pm?
Select count(1) from dual;,what is output?
How to delete duplicate records from table without distinct clause
How to retrieve second height salary from table?
Difference between primary key & unique key?
Difference between procedure & package?
Which is better procedure or package?
What is cursor?Types of cursor? And Difference between cursors?
What is exception? Types of exceptions?
Tell me some user_defined exceptions with error codes?
What is sqlcode and sqlerr?
What is ref_cursor? Type of ref_cursors and Difference between?
How give privilege a one procedure in package?
What is %type & %rowtype? What is main use?
How to improvee performence?
What is bulk collect? What is use of limit clause in bulk
What is forall?
What is merge statement? Give me syntax?
What is view? Use of view's?

collect?

What is nocopy clause?Where it is used?

What are the environments are there in your company?
How to connect your database?
What are the shartcut of compile & execution of
tool?

programes in sql developer

Are faced any trouble in your project?

What are the module's , you are working?
Which will fire default first statement level or row level trigger?
What is bulkcollect? And any restrictions in bulkcollect?
What is the use of limit clause in bulkcollect?
How to debugg your code?
How to trace error handling?
How to find which line error was raised?
What are the methods there in save exceptions?
What is functional based index? Write syntax?
How to update complex view?
Can you alter procedure with in package?
Is it possible to open cursor which is in package in

another procrdure?

What is substr()&instr()?
Difference between case and decode?
Can you use sysdate in check constraints? If no, why?
Difference between column level constraints & table level
What is optimizer?
What is nested_loop join?
What is pivot operater?
Tell me some oracle 10g features?
What is m_view?

constraints?

What is master & detail tables?

What is sqlcode and sqlerrm?
Difference between procedure & packages?
Capgemini PL/SQL Project Interview Questions
Explain your profile(introduction, project explanation,responsibilities, client,
regular activities)

What is sql tuning, how to reduce the performance of query can u explain.

What is bulk collect and forall, what is the use of bulk collect and forall.

What is data migration, key points to remember migrate the data.

What is data modeling and how to create relation between A and B tables.

What kind of challenges you faced in your project and explain.

successfully completed

Write a query to find 3rd highest salary

Using DENSE_RANK
SELECT *
FROM
( SELECT emp.*,DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) Rno FROM EMP
)
WHERE Rno=3;

Using ROWNUM

-------------------------------------------------------------------------SELECT sal
FROM
(SELECT rownum rn,
sal
FROM
( SELECT DISTINCT sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC
)
)
WHERE rn = 3;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE sal =
(SELECT sal
FROM
(SELECT rownum rn,
sal
FROM
( SELECT DISTINCT sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC
)
)
WHERE rn = 3

);
Using SELF JOIN
SELECT *
FROM emp a
WHERE 3 =
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(Sal)) FROM emp b WHERE a.sal<=b.sal
)
ORDER BY sal;
Write a query to find 10 highest salary
Can you write syntax of case statement?
Can we create a table on exiting table?
How to create a synonym, write syntax of synonym
What are partitions, when we go for partitions?
What is cursor?
How to rebuild index, syntax of rebuild index
What is the syntax of the procedure?
How to create a BLOB, syntax of blob
What is UTL_FILE
What is control file, syntax of control file?
What truncate and delete?
How to check the table or view exiting or not
CGI PL/SQL Interview Questions
Explain briefly about your project
How many type of environments r there in your company?
Exception handling
How we will send error msg with no to ui environment.

Ronum,rowid
Use of hint.
In which format u will get requirements?
Select stmt structure..
Can we develop exceptions in cursor environment?
After you work is completed how you produce the documentation for that?
What is the documentation file called?
Delete,truncate structure..
Query for top n records..
Explain plan mechanism..
Structure for the procedure in exception mechanism.
Clover Infotech PL/SQL Interview Questions
Tell me about yourself and what are the responsibilities in your project.
What is the difference between procedure and function
Can we return 2 values through function,i want return empno and sal how to
design a function.
I have a package with 2 procedures and declared one procedure in
specification only second procedure not declared in specification, package
body compiled or not?
What is the use of forward declaration and if you can use in package can we
call procedure outside package.
Difference between primary and unique and i am retrieving unique column,
that time unique column firing or not?
Difference between nvl and nvl2
How many types of exceptions
Explain pragma types, pragma exception_init and pragma serially_reusable
Difference between bulk collect and forall, suppose i am inserting 10000
records due to some issue few records are not inserted, how to find which
records are not inserted, which method you follow to find.

How many types of collection and methods

What are the exceptions raised in collections.
Have you worked on analytical functions?
Difference between rank and dense rank
I have a package with number of logics inside package but package is slow
down due to some logic, how to find which query taking more time after
finding the query how to tune a query.
Difference between truncate and delete, why truncate faster rather than
delete.
Difference between view and materialized view
What is correlated subquery?
What is complex query and have you ever work on that.
Difference between btree and bitmap index
Explain composite data type, tell me the syntax.
Explain briefly about sql loader.
CSC PL/SQL Interview Questions
Tell me about your self
What is index?
How does index form internally?
What are pseudo columns?
What are exceptions? How to handle expections in PL/SQL?
Explain about exception propagation?
What is autonomous transaction?
What is trigger? Have you ever used it?
Define view
Can we update a view?(what are the conditions)?
If I have created view from two tables by taking all the columns in the table
now is it possible to update that view?( ans : NO)

Then I have to compulsory update that view how to do that(ans: by using

instead of triggers).
What is instead of triggers?
What is syntax of case?
Difference between procedure and functions?
What is a package and what are its advantages?
How to call procedure in Pro*C
Have you ever used dynamic Sql statements in your project (methods in
Pro*C)?
How to handle exceptions in Pro*C
What are the Sqlca structure elements?
How do you handle/trap errors in Pro*C?
Then asked on project for 5 to 10 min.
Asked two queries
Select duplicate records from a emp table?
Select Nth maximum salary from emp table?
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ROWID NOT IN(SELECT MIN(ROWID) FROM EMP
GROUP BY EMPNO);

SELECT A.* FROM EMP A WHERE &N=(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(SAL)) FROM

EMP B WHERE A.SAL<=B.SAL);

What are the dis_adv of packages?

CSS PL/SQL Interview Questions

Tell me about your self

What is index?
How does index form internally?
What are pseudo columns?
What are exceptions? How to handle expections in PL/SQL?
Explain about exception propagation?
What is autonomous transaction?
What is trigger? Have you ever used it?
Define view
Can we update a view?(what are the conditions)?
if I have created view from two tables by taking all the columns in the table
now is it possible to update that view?( ans : NO)
then I have to compulsory update that view how to do that(ans: by using
instead of triggers).
What is instead of triggers?
what is syntax of case?
Difference between procedure and functions?
What is a package and what are its advantages?

What are the Sqlca structure elements?

Then asked on project for 5 to 10 min.

asked two queries
select duplicate records from a emp table?
Select Nth maximum salary from emp table?
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ROWID NOT IN(SELECT MIN(ROWID) FROM EMP
GROUP BY EMPNO);

SELECT A.* FROM EMP A WHERE &N=(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(SAL)) FROM

EMP B WHERE A.SAL<=B.SAL);
Why PL/SQL
Why package?
Why Triggers while you are having Constraints
Types of Triggers and Mutating Triggers
Examples for statement level and row level triggers
Bulk-fetch and bulk binding
What are the options that you use while pre-compiling a Pro*C program and
why?
All about cursors
What is the need of Error Handling in PL/SQL and how will you do it
Explain Method 4 in paper
Write queries for deletion of duplicate records and nth max salary
Search and Replace in UNIX
Find syntax
Grep syntax
Copy all the fields from the result of ls l command into different host
variables and insert them into a database object
Describe materialized view
I/O redirection
Why Locks and different types of locks
Autonomous transaction
Referential Constraint

CTS PL/SQL Interview Questions

Tell me something yourself?

What are the activities are you doing daily in your project?
Tell me ratios of sql , pl/sql&unix?
Difference between primary key & unique key?
Diff b/w primary key & unique key + not null?
What is the use of views?
If table dropped, then what happen view?
What is index? types of indexes?
Which functions are not supported to index?
What is save point?
What is ora-1555?
What are the data types available in pl/sql, not in sql?
What is the main use of %type,%rowtype?
What is cursor? Types of cursors?
Diff b/w explict cursor & for loop cursor?
What is exception? Types of exceptions?
What is raise_application_error?
What is pragma_exception_init?
Diff b/w triggers&procedures?
Can you call procedure in select statement?
Restrictions in functions?
What is the use of packages?
How to drop package body only?
Can use pragma_autonamous_tranctions in packages?
What is bulk collect?
What is nullif()?

What is mutating error?

What are the module's , you are working
Which will fire default first statement level or row level trigger?
What is bulkcollect? And any restrictions in bulkcollect?
What is the use of limit clause in bulkcollect?
How to debugg your code?
How to trace error handling?
How to find which line error was raised?
What are the methods there in save exceptions?
What is functional based index? Write syntax?
How to update complex view?
Can you alter procedure with in package?
Is it possible to open cursor which is in package in

another procedure?

What is substr()&instr()?
Difference between case and decode?
Can you use sysdate in check constraints? If no, why?
Difference between column level constraints & table level
What is optimizer?
What is nested_loop join?
What is pivot operater?
Tell me some oracle 10g features?
What is m_view?
What is master & detail tables?
What is sqlcode and sqlerrm?
Diff b/w procedure & packages?
What are the dis_adv of packages?

constraints?

Dell PL/SQL Interview Questions

Select * from a where hiredate+60 < sysdate; (here hiredate is non-unique
index, so query scanning index range or full table scanning.
Have you worked on explain plan, how to tune sql query
Can you write pivot query?
Which exception rise in bulk collect and forall processing
What are analytical functions?
What is dbms_profiler do?
Difference between sql *loader and external table, explain requirements for
that
Have you ever worked on partitions, explain Virtual column based partitioning
what is nvl and nvl2 function and examples
Explain about TK-proof , syntax of TK-proof
Merge statement syntax
Partition Exchange(One table have 5 partitions like P1...P5, I want to move P5
partition insert into another Table)?
Difference between 10g and 11g
COLN
--------A
A
A
B
B
B
B

Write a query output like as

coln
-----3
4
coln
----A
B
C
D
E
I want output like this
TEXT
-------A,B,C,D,E
EMPNO

ENAME

-----------

-----------

12345

REDDY

I want to count of empno and ename

coln
------1
-2
-3

-10
1
8
7
I want to count of positive and negative
select sum(decode(sign(value),1,value)) pos, sum(decode(sign(value),1,value)) neg from pn
select ( select sum(value) from pn where 0<value) as positive, (select
sum(value) from pn where 0>value) as negative from dual
select unique ( select sum(value) from pn where 0<value) as positive, (select
sum(value) from pn where 0>value) as negative from pn
Dun & Bradstreet PL/SQL Interview Questions
listagg
bulk collect
interset
which is the faster left outer join and right outer join
what is awr report
how to delete duplicate records
what is primary and unique constraint
in and exist which is the faster, why exist is faster?
what is the use of declare exception in declaration
what are cursor attributes
what is pragma exception init
what is the use raise application error
can write simple example of cursor
can u write example of forall statement
GE PL/SQL Interview Questions

Tell me about u r self, educational details and u r projects

Tell me about ur current project.
How will rate yourself in PRO*C, SQl,PL/SQL and UNIX
I have 10,000 records,. The record length is 70 characters? How will insert at
a time 500 records into a database
After inserting 500 records, unexpectedly the program was aborted? Again
we run the program. From which position the records are inserted into a
database.
How do you know the how many records are processed in PRO*C
Explain sqlca structure
What is the maximum error message length returned by
sqlcode.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc?
If I Want to display the error message, which is more than 70 character? How
to obtain it?
Until runtime I dont know the table name, to select a query. Which method u
should follow?
I had one varchar variable. I assign a value to that character arrary arr. Is it
sufficient?
How handles errors in PRO*C
How to compile u r PRO*C program
How to compile the C program
How to run programs
Do u know the oracle architecture
What is meant by oracle instance
What is inline view? What are the advantages
What is package? What are the advantages
Till now how many packages u r written
Some columns having indexes. How to know which columns having indexes in
a table

What is index? Types of index? What is the advantages of bit-map index?

How do u optimize u r query?
How to know the cost of the query?
What is a trigger?
Have u use instead of triggers
How many types of joins u know?
What is meant my outer join? Can write one sample query?
What is full join? Tell me one example?
what is grep? How to find blank lines in a file?
What is find?
What are the other command u know?
what are the major significant you achieve in u r experience?
U r PL gave a compliant on you to your PM? What u do?
Have u prepared any documentation?
HCL PL/SQL Interview Questions
HCL Interview Questions for 4.2 Years Experience

1. Explain briefly NVL, NVL2, NULL IF functions

2. I have a table and created a two indexes on two columns but i want create
3rd index how can u create a index

3. Difference between View AND Materialized View, i have created a

Materialized View after then rename a one column on base table,Materialized
View updated or not.

4. Explain procedure,function,package

5. what are challenges you faced in your environment

6. How many types of triggers,explain briefly

7. What is mutating trigger

8. I wrote a pl/sql block for insert and update on table, one statement was
failed how to know which statement filed, what type of exception you raised

9. Package advantages

10. what is stand alone procedure

11. difference between 11g and 12c in oracle

12. Explain briefly about cursors

13. Write a syntax for Bulk collect and Bulk bind

14. What are collection types

15. Difference between group function and Atlantical function

16. How many arguments we can pass IN operator

17. Difference between IN and EXITS

18. What is pragma exception init

19. How to debug a procedure

20. Performance tuning

21 purpose of Global temporary table

22. Advantages of MATERIALIZED View

23. Where you can use with clause

HCL PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is meant by procedures?
It is stored sub program which is used to perform some action.
What is mean by functions?
It is stored sub program which is used to compute an expression
What is the difference between procedures and functions?
What is meant by packages?
Package is an object which Is used to group the sub programs, variables
,collections ,constants ,cursors
What is meant by triggers?
Trigger is a stored procedure which will fire when ever an event occur.
What is meant by exception and what are the types of exceptions?
Exception is an error handling mechanism in pl/sql .
There are 2 types of exceptions
Pre defined.

User defined.
What is meant by cursor and how many types of cursors are there?
Cursor is a name given to a private sql area.
There are 2 types of cursors.
Implicit
Explicit.
Hexaware PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is cursor? Answer
What is explicit and implicit cursor and examples? Answer
Ref cursor and types Answer
What is exception and exception types Answer
Two types of triggers Answer
What is package? Answer
10g features Answer
Diff b/w primary key unique key Answer
Difference b/w procedure and function Answer
What is bind variable Answer
How to create a table using procedure and how to pass variables for table
Answer
What is the use of execute immediate command Answer
What is materialized view? Answer
Any restriction to create a materialized view Answer
What is fast refresh on commit? Answer
What is integrity constrain Answer
What is index by array Answer
What is difference between group function and analytic function? Answer
What is ls command with different options? Answer

Honeywell PL/SQL Interview Questions

IBM ---- Lakshmi
DIFFERENCE between subquries and co-related sub quries..
How u find which process is running in unix environment?
Whether grep() provide no of times of patrren searching?
Difference b/w procedure and function?
Joins-----types with explanation
Scenario to find quries using outer joins
Highest & lowest salary values
Find the second maximum salary
POLARIS ---- Lakshmi
Import/export
Db links
Datatypes in sql
Package advantages
Trigeer types
Nvl function
Pragma
Advantages og 10g
Function,procedure difference
Cursor types
How to debug a procedure
Toad?
Difference b/w union and union all?
Without producing a link how u send data to frontend manually?

How to find how many records it fetched?

How u get where error is occurred in code?
What is data dictionary?
Single row,multi row functions/
Difference b/n view and materialized view?
Psuedo columns
Decode ()
Sequence, advantages
Explain set operations?
Inline function()
Difference b/n nullif and nvl2
Difference b/n dbms and rdbms
Diffence b/n count(1),count(*)
1. count(1)
2. count(*)
3. count(rowid)
the answer is 1 and 3.
The function count() executes faster when given a criteria/value which is
quicker to resolve in the sql processing mechanism.Thus, an integer or rowid
are faster to resolve than an '*'which is a wild card symbol for all the colums
in a table and hence it is more time consuming.
HONEYWELL ----- Lakshmi
PROCEDURE overloading
date fuctions?Loops in plsql
lpad(0/rpad()
Stringin() function
case exp

Find 2nd,3 rd max sal

query to find a_bformat names
import and export
what is table space/
difference b/n having and where caluse?
Dis advantages of cursor
bulk loader
bulk collect
exception concepts
triggers/instead of trigger
creation of data base link
use of hint
What is directory?
What is external table?
HP PL/SQL Interview Questions
1: wt is the diff b/w greast and max ,least and min? Wt is the diff b/w case
and decod?
Answer

Greatest/least: we can pass any no. Of exp

Max/min: we can pass one exp that may a column

Case: is a statement function, cannot process null

Decode: is a function, can process null, we can use in
Update statement.

2: how to print * ** *** **** ***** by using sql query?

(may be using script)

Answr

Select lpad('*',rownum,'*') star from person where rownum<6

*
**
***
****
*****

Write a query to filter improper date format following table?

Date
20-apr
22-may-2010
26-jun-2010
Feb-2009

I want the output

Date
22-may-2010
26-jun-2010

Select to date('column_name','dd-mon-yyyy') from table_name;

Write a query to remove null following table are

Id

name

101 dinesh
Null jyothi
Null bharathi
102 suresh
Null shilpha
103 prakesh
Null suma

I want the output format like

Id

name

101

dinesh

102

suresh

103

prakesh

Select * from table where id is not null;

Wirte a query to remove null? Following table are

Col1 col2 col3

Dinesh null null
Null suresh null
Null null

prakesh

I want the output like

Col1

col2

col3

Dinesh suresh prkaesh

Select distinct((select col1 from coll where

Col1<>'null')),(select col2 from coll where col2<>'null'),

(select col3 from coll where col3<>'null')

From coll

Select max(col1) col1,max(col2) col2,max(col3) col3

From table;

Write a query filter the null value data following source?

Name age
John 30
Smith null
Null 24
Sharp 35
I want output

Name age
John 30
Sharp 35

Select * from test_1 where name is not null and age is not
Null;

When do we create bitmap indexes

Answer

If there is very less cardinality (i.e. 1% of total column

Values) or distinct values in column then we have to create
Bitmap index for that column like gender column will always
Have 2 values male or female.

Syntex:-

Create bitmap index index_name on table_name(column_name);

A.oltp
B.dss
C.where clause has functions
D.tables that have only one record

Can we use out parameter in function?

Answer

1.yes we can use out parameters in a function.but we have to assign the out
parameter value to the return datatype.
2.but when we use out parameters in function we can't call the function from

a select statement

Write a query to genarate target column.please answer me.

Advance thanks.

Src tgt

Q10 quarter to 2010

Q90 quarter to 1990
Q80 quarter to 1980
Q74 quarter to 1974

Select
'Quarter to '||to_char((to_date('01/01/'||substr(src,2),

'Dd/mm/rrrr')),'rrrr') as "target"
From table

How to call the function and procedure in trigger?

Answer

With the help of call statement..without semicolon

Create or replace trigger tri_call

Begin

Call p1()
End tri_call;

What is different between union and minus?

Answer

Unoin:- this operator returns from all the queries(combined

Through union) but not duplicate record will be display.
Ex- a={1,2,3,4}
B={2,3,4,5}
Aub={1,2,3,4,5}............

Minus:- this operator displays records which belongs to only

The first query.
Ex:- a={1,2,3,4}
B= {2,3,5}
A-b={1,4}...................

Can we interchange parameters in procedure while calling

Answer
If you name the parameter then you can interchange
Otherwise you cannot. Like in the following example the
First case is positional and you cannot interchange. In the
Second one its named and you can interchange.

Regular oradatabase.standproc(102,'ram'); -- positional

Oradatabase.standproc(empno=>102,ename=>'ram'); --named

Oradatabase.standproc(ename=>'ram',empno=>102);

Re: what is 'force view'?

Answer

The view can be created without base table then the view is
Called force view. The view must be crated with force

Option.

Sql> create or replace view test_view

2 as
3 select * from non_existent_table;
Select * from non_existent_table
*
Error at line 3:
Ora-00942: table or view does not exist

/* hence, the view does not exists */

Sql> select * from test_view;

Select * from test_view
*

Error at line 1:
Ora-00942: table or view does not exist

/* specifying force creates the view object (albeit with

Errors) */

Sql> create or replace force view test_view

2 as
3 select * from non_existent_table;

Warning: view created with compilation errors.

/* trying to select from the view implies it's been created

*/

Sql> select * from test_view;

Select * from test_view
*
Error at line 1:
Ora-04063: view "orauser.test_view" has errors

/* creating the missing object then allows us to select

From it */

Sql> create table non_existent_table

2 (

a varchar2(10)

4 );

Table created.

Sql> select * from test_view;

No rows selected

What are global temporary tables

Answer
Global temporary tables are session dependant tables which Could be used
as temporary storage for calculations, sorting
Etc. What i mean by session dependant is, the data being Stored in the global
temporary table is not written into the Database or stored anywhere. Once
the session ends (in which The global temporary table is used), the data also
vanishes.

However the structure would still be available even after the session is
logged out. Also, the structure is available to other sessions even when one
session is using it, but not the data. I.e multiple sessions could use the same
global temporary table without interfering the data. Each session could
insert/update/delete their own data into the same Global temporary table as
if the table is available to only that session. Any data inserted in one session
is not available to another.

Now, why do we need global temporary tables? Well, imagine a requirement

where you need to fetch some data from the database, do some kind of
calculations, aggregations and provide the result set (many records) to a
front end. Again, in the front end, you need to fetch the result set may times,
for some purpose. Then you could make use of the Global temporary table.
Until the user gets disconnected from that database session, the data is
available for him in the memory.

Global temporary tables belongs to that session only

Create global temporary table test_gbl

( l_number_no number,
L_char_vc varchar2(100)
) [on commit delete rows]

On commit delete rows:- it's a default one

If any commit will issued that total data of a table will
Losses. But table is exit

To overcome this we have option

On commit preserve rows:Means, if commit will issue the data of a table willn't loss
Up to end of the session. Is session ends the data will

Losses

What are nested tables? How will u delete 5 rows from nested

Tables
Answer

Create or replace type addresstype as object (

Street varchar2(15),

City varchar2(15),
State char(2),
Zip

varchar2(5)

);

Create or replace type nested_table_addresstype as table of

Addresstype;

Create table employee (

Id

integer primary key,

First_name varchar2(10),
Last_name varchar2(10),
Addresses nested_table_addresstype
)
Nested table
Addresses
Store as
Nested_addresses;

Insert into employee values (

1, 'steve', 'brown',
Nested_table_addresstype(
Addresstype('2 ave', 'city', 'ma', '12345'),
Addresstype('4 ave', 'city', 'ca', '54321')
)

);

Delete from table (

Select addresses from employee where id = 1
) addr
Where
Value(addr) = addresstype(
'4 ave', 'city', 'ca', '54321'
);

Re: select top 3 sal from each dept?

Answer
Select* from(select ename,deptno,sal,row_number()
Over(partiton by deptno order by sal)num from emp)
Where num<=3
Order by deptno;

Re: what is difference between having and where clause?

Answer

Having clause is used for filtering grouped data and where

Clause is used for filtering rows.

Where clause filter the data before gruop by clause and

Having clause clause filter the data after group by clause

Can you have multiple sps with the same name on a database?
Answer

Both above answers are correct,but situvationd diff

1) we can't create same db obj with same name,
2) we want that go for packages ,with overloading concept

I want to create a materialized view from a left join of 2

Tables. However the following gives me an error:

Select field1
From table_1 a
Left join table_2 b
On a.field1=b.field2
Ora-12054: cannot set the on commit refresh attribute for

The materialized view

However the following works:

Select field1
From table_1 a, table_2 b
Where a.field1=b.field2
Does anyone have any ideas why this is happening.

Thx for the help

Oracle views join materialized

Share|improve this question
There are two conditions that are not satisfied to make that
Materialized view refresh fast. First one is that you did
Not specify the rowid columns of every table involved. And
The second one is an undocumented restriction: ansi-joins
Are not supported.
Here is an example with dept being table_1, alias a and emp

Being table_2, alias b:

Sql> create materialized view log on emp with rowid

2 /

Materialized view log created.

Sql> create materialized view log on dept with rowid

2 /

Materialized view log created.

Sql> create materialized view empdept_mv

2

refresh fast on commit

3 as
4 select a.deptno
5

from dept a

left join emp b on (a.deptno = b.deptno)

7 /
From dept a
*
Error at line 5:
Ora-12054: cannot set the on commit refresh attribute for

The materialized view

That mimics your situation. First add the rowid's:

Sql> create materialized view empdept_mv

2

refresh fast on commit

3 as
4 select a.rowid dept_rowid
5

, b.rowid emp_rowid

, a.deptno

from dept a

left join emp b on (a.deptno = b.deptno)

9 /
From dept a
*
Error at line 7:
Ora-12054: cannot set the on commit refresh attribute for

The materialized view

Still it cannot fast refresh, because of the ansi joins.

Converting to old-style outer join syntax:

Sql> create materialized view empdept_mv

2

refresh fast on commit

3 as
4 select a.rowid dept_rowid
5

, b.rowid emp_rowid

, a.deptno

from dept a

, emp b

9 where a.deptno = b.deptno (+)

10 /

Materialized view created.

And to prove that it works:

Sql> select * from empdept_mv

2 /

Dept_rowid

emp_rowid

deptno

------------------ ------------------ ---------Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaa

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aab

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aac

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aad

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aae

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaf

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aag

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aah

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aai

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaj

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aak

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aal

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aam

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aan

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aad

15 rows selected.

Sql> insert into dept values (50,'it','utrecht')

2 /

1 row created.

Sql> commit
2 /

Commit complete.

40

Sql> select * from empdept_mv

2 /

Dept_rowid

emp_rowid

deptno

------------------ ------------------ ---------Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaa

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aab

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aac

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aad

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aae

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaf

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aag

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aah

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aai

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aaj

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aak

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aac aaarhlaaeaaaai3aal

30

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aab aaarhlaaeaaaai3aam

20

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aaa aaarhlaaeaaaai3aan

10

Aaarhmaaeaaaai/aad

40

Aaarhmaaeaaaai7aaa

50

16 rows selected.

IBM PL/SQL Interview Questions

Tell me about your project and client
What is difference between procedure and function?
Function can have out parameter
Difference truncate and delete
Can we use where condition with truncate
Can you explain the truncate and delete with trigger
Can we use truncate and delete command to disable the referential integrity
constraint
How did you export the data from database to excel file
How many types of functions in UTL_FILE package
What function you are using to load the data in UTL_FILE package
How many types of trigger
How many max triggers you will declare
What is instead of trigger?
We have two duplicate rows, how will you delete only one row
How will you display rownum?
Select column_name from table_name where rownum=10, it will display the
result, (tell me reason)
Select column_name from table_name where rownum<=10, it will diplay the
result
What is implicit and explicit cursor?
What is exception?
How many types of exception
Can we have more than one exception?
What are predefined exceptions?
Do you know TOO_MANY ROWS, when that exception will occur and NO_DATA
FOUND

How to catch any type of exception

Can we commit in trigger
What is autonomous transaction?
What is view
Can we delete a record in view
Can we delete a record more than one table
Can we write trigger on view
You are working on oracle 10g, 10g features
Do you have use any debugging tool
Do you know global variable, difference between global variable and
parameter variable

Do you know about cascading triggers

ITC Infotech PL/SQL Interview Questions
How many lines of code you wrote every day in your project.
How many tables in your database, which table having highest columns in
your database and highest records
Suppose you have 80 laks records in table, i want to update 50 records on
table, which method you will approach to update the records?
Have you ever created tables, tell me 3 differences between primary key and
unique key.
Have you ever worked on bulk collect, usage of bulk collect and forall.
How to tune package, how can we see the output, which logic taking more
time to execute?
How to tune sql statement, explain the steps
Have you ever worked on partitions, why should we go to partitions?
Have you ever worked on indexes, what is the default index? Why we can
create a Function based index?
Have you created Materialized view, what is it?

What is the difference between view and materialized view?

Difference between import/export and sql loader
What is conventional path and direct path, which is the faster?
What is the requirement you have used import/export?
What are the functions you have worked on every day? What is the usage of
decode?
Have you ever worked on Analytical functions?
COLUMN_NO

VALUE

---------------------------------------------1

I want to show the output like as

COLUMN_NO

VALUE

---------------------------------------------1

A,B,C

A,B

What is your database version, what are 11g features,

What is compound trigger,usage of compound trigger and follows clause.

How to find duplicate records on table,please find below table.

COL1

COL2

---------------------------------------A

I want to show the output like as

----------------------4

SELECT A1.A,B1.B,C1.C FROM (SELECT COUNT(NAME)A FROM Ta WHERE

Name ='A')A1,
(SELECT COUNT(NAME)B FROM Ta WHERE Name='B')B1,
(SELECT COUNT(Name)C FROM Ta WHERE Name='C')C1

select decode(col1,'A',count(1)) "A",decode(col1,'B',count(1))

"B",decode(col1,'C',count(1)) "C" from table1
Group by col1

Select * from( select col1,col2 from table_name ) pivot( count(col2) for col1 in
('A','B','C') );

select count(decode(col1,'A',col2)) A,count(decode(col1,'B',col2))

B,count(decode
(col1,'C',col2)) C from r6;

I wrote a trigger (before insert, update, delete) on one table and wrote a logic
to update table in trigger. Trigger compiled or throwing any error?
I have a csv file in outside database, every 10 minutes added new records in
csv file. My requirement is load csv file in database, which method you to
approach to load csv file to database.
If you created primary key which index created and if you created index
which constraint created automatically?
What is nvl and nvl2?
Can you write syntax of decode
Count(*)

status

------------------------1

Can you write a query for this output?

KPIT PLSQL Interview Questions

Unix
Chmod (different modes) and umask
Difference between find and grep
All about vi editor like how to reach the end of file or end of screen, how to
search and replace a particular string in the line and in the whole file
What is a filter and explain about different filters
I/o redirection
I was asked to write some search patterns for find and grep commands
How can you find the status of a process? What are the different statuses that
a process can have?
Different shells
What is a shell and for what it can be used
How will you compare two files?
How much do you know about compression?
Sql and pl/sql
What does instr () and substr () returns. Write syntax for both
Write a query to delete duplicate rows from a table
Write query to find the maximum salary w/o using function
Delete vs. Truncate
Procedure vs. Function
Constraint vs. Trigger
View vs. Materialized view
Structure of pl/sql block
How do you handle exceptions in pl/sql?
What is a sequence and what is the need of it
Types of triggers

What happens if a cursor is not closed?

What happens when you try to open a cursor that is already opened?
What is temporary table space? Can you create that?
Can you write triggers for a ddl statement?
What is a package? What is the need of it?
Types of joins and why we need joins
Types of constraints

L&T PL/SQL Interview Questions

Written test
1. Which one is used for geographical operations?
A. Integrated server.
B. Distributed server.
C. Common server.
2. How can we able to use group by, order by, having clause in SQL
statement?
A. We can use all clauses
B. Only group by and order by we can use
C. Group by ,having clause we will use
3. What is distinct function will give?
A. All the unique rows
B. All the unique columns.
C. Including null values.
D. All the rows
4. They are giving the EMP table as example and ask the simple queries?
UNIX
How to display hidden files?

How to regenerate exiting process with PID?

How to kill the process?
What fork command will do?
How to find the background running process?
Which command is used to display line number of search string?
Which command is used to find the no of line in a file?
HR round
Tell me about your self?
What are your current CTC and ECTC?
Why youre willing to relocating?
What does u know about L&T?
Tell me about your current project and company briefly?
Technical Round
Rate your self in sql and pl/sql out of 5?
Tell me about your self and your current project?
What is dml, ddl, dcl, tcl commands?
What is joins? What is outer joins available, tell me about briefly?
What is view?
What is inline view?
What is sequence? Tell me the syntax?
What is no cycle and cycle, if we can not give no cycle what happened/
What is index? What type of indexes available?
What is cluster and bitmap index?
What is synonym? Tell me the syntax?
Create synonym synonym_name for object;
Synonym is the mask of the object name and owner and we can declare as
public as well as private synonyms

What is use of synonym?

Can we create a synonym on view?
Yes we can create a synonym on view
What is Cursor? What is the use of cursor?
Cursor is private work area to execute queries
What type of cursors available? Explain?
Implicit and explicit
Write the syntax for cursor?
Cursor cursor_name is select query;
What is the procedure and function?
Procedure and functions are the pl/sql objects
Procedure is for perform an action
Function is return a value
What is the difference between procedure and function/
Procedure are can not use in select query
Procedure may or may not return
Procedure can return more than one value as out mode
Function can use in select query
Function should return value
Function return only one value
Tell me about the packages?Package is also as pl/sql object witch is used
grouped related items, types and subprograms
What is the use of packages?
Reduce the traffic between the client and server
What are the disadvantages of packages?
Memory occupation
What is the concept of over loading?

Using same name with subprograms with different parameters and return
different data types
What are the restrictions in overloading?
Only local or packaged subprograms can be overloaded. You can not overload
stand-alone subprograms
They are giving examples and asking it works or not?
What is exception handling?
Exception is a runtime error for those exceptions the program will abort. In
that situation proper handler we execute the program
What is user and system defined exceptions?
Oracle predefined some errors for those errors oracle server is take care that
when the exception will rise
If I gave a select statement, it contains null data; I gave NO_DATA_FOUND
AND OTHERS in exception block? What exception will handles and that
procedure compiled or not?
It will not compiled why because no choice appear with choice others in
exception handler
What is nested tables, array? Tell me about those/
These are the collections which are similar to the structure array concept
What is materialized view?
I created two table having foreign keys from to side(referencing each other
with different columns)? How can I insert data into?
What is trigger? Write the syntax?
Trigger is a pl/sql block witch is implicitly raise when event occur in the
database
Create or replace trigger trigger_name
[before|after] [insert or update or delete] [of column_name] on table_name
[referencing old as old_value / new as new_value]
[for each row]
What are the types of triggers? What are they?

Dml triggers
Ddl triggers
System triggers
What is instead of trigger?
Triggers which for view only
What is Autonomous transaction?
A transaction is not dependent the other flow transactions are autonomous
transaction, these are execute directly in the server
What is PRAGMA_INIT?
This is preprocess directive which used like autonomous transaction and
exception declarations
Do u know about optimization and performance tuning? Tell me about it?
Optimized based on cost and rule for the performace
PL ROUND
Tell me about your self?
Tell me about your project?
What are the coding standards you used?
Who will review your code?
If u becomes strong in PL/SQL at what area we will provide you the training?
Any critical error you found in your project?
PM ROUND
Tell me about your self?
Tell me about your family background?
Do you know about 24/7 support?
Tell me about your organization?
Do you know about support?
What you will do first, when you got application to fix the bug?(I said

understanding of application and then estimation)

Does u know about SDLC?
Tell me about sdlc?
Are you prepared unit test plan?
How do you analyze the things?
Do you involve in any other stages of sdlc?
What testing u performs?
Why we want to hire you?
Are you involved in design part?
Write your company flow diagram?
LOGICA PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is your daily activites in project?
What is sga?
What is pga?
What is tablespace?
What is extent clause in tablespace?
What is datasets?
What is datablocks?
What is temparery table?
Which sitivation are you worked temparery table?
What are the datatypes in sql?
What are the char datatypes?
Diff b/w char & varchar2?
What is timestamp returns?default size of timestamp?
What is defaults timestamp format like 12 or 24?
Do you know any character datatype without char,varchar2?

Do you know any number datatype without number & integer?

Tell me some pl/sql datatypes?
Do you have create table column's with boolean datatype?
Why boolean datatype is not possible to create a table

column?

What is data modeling?

What is constraint? What are types of constraints?
Diff b/w primary key & unique key?
What are the master & detail table?
Which will fire first constraint or trigger?
Which format are you used build a sql query?
What is blob/bfile?
What is clob?
What is the use of timestamp in select statements?
Which datatype does not allows 'null' values?
Diff b/w whare,having & group by clause?
What is row fragmentation?
Can you drop all columns in a table used alter command?
Can you modify a null column to not null column, if table
What are functions there in sql?
What is lower(),upper(),& initcap()?
What are the substr() & instr()?
What are date functions?
what is the conversion functions?
what is diff b/w nvl,nvl2,&nullif()?
diff b/w rank() & dense_rank()?
what is er modeling?

has some data?

what is join? Types of joins?what is outer join?

what is psudeo columns?
what is in_line view's?
what is window clause?
diff b/w exist & in?
what is sequence? Can you alter startwith clause?
can you create synonym same name of object?
diff b/w view and synonym?
Second round interview questions
can you create synonym on procedure,package,functions?
what is index? Types of indexes?
can you create index on index?
what is raise_statement? How to declate it?
what is dbms_utility?
can you use out parameter in functions?
what is pragma_autonomous_tranctions?
which sitivation you have used utl_file packages?
how to improvee performence?
hot to debugg your code?
what are the majer step's you are consider in explain?
why are used m_views?
do you know utl_smtp?
what is collections & types of collections?
can you use varchar datatye in indexed_by_table?
can you use collection method types in functions?
Matrix PL/SQL Interview Questions

11g features
What are main advantages of 10g then other version(9i)
Syntax of collection
Write a query to display even/odd number from a table.
What is the exception; write syntax on user defined exception.
How many types of sub queries in oracle.
Syntax of correlated sub query.
Write syntax to execute procedure or function in sql.
What are sql functions?
Disadvantage of triggers.
Diff %type and %row type.
What cascade constrains.
What is in line view.
How to retrieve 3rd max sal
Write syntax indian time and time 12 hours and 24 hours.
Index types
MBT PL/SQL Interview Questions
Oracle
Difference between procedure and funtion?
How procedures and functions are called?
What is meant by trigger?
What is two-phase commit?
Ans).prepare phase
Execution phase. I distributed system database.
Can we give commit for procedure and function?
Yes

Can we give commit for the tiggers?

No
What is dns.ora?
How will u connect to the server from ur pc?
Connect: server uid
Passwd:******
Difference between dedicated server and distributed server?
What is view?
What is materialized view?
What is the difference between view and materialized view?
Hr
Tell me about urself?
Tell me about projects?
How will u get the work?
What are ur responsibilities?
Technical
Tell me about your self
Define transaction.
Transaction is a logical unit of work.
What is index?
Index is a database object which is used to fast reterival of data.
How does index form internally?
Based on rowid.
What are pseudo columns?
Pseudo columns are those which does not exists physically but they will
perform some expression evaluation
What is a partition

Large table are divided into small tables depending on condition

Range
Hash
List
Define view
View is a logical representation of data
Can we update a view?
Yes
What is autonomous transaction
Explain about exception propagation
How to find to which database you have connected?
Select * from global_name;
How to connect to different database?
Using database links
What is database link?
It is one way commnincation
Link b/w one db to another db.
What do you know about materialized view?
Have you ever used dynamic sql statements in your project?
Some 3 queries? (nth max sal, query on group by and select dup records)
Do you know about rollup and cube?
Then asked some questions on project for 5 min.
Hr
Asked about the project and team members and the organization structure
To whom do you report? (what is his name)
Tell me some of your team members names?

Tell about your family background

What is your ctc (cost to company)
What is your expected salary
And some other general questions and some funny questions.thats it all the
best.
What is the 3rd normal form
Each non key column must depend on nothing but the key. If a column
depends on column that are not part of the key split those columns into new
table.
Whats the difference between the table level constraints and row level
constraints.
The table level constraint is part of the table definition. An integrity constraint
defined at table level can impose rules on any columns in the table whereas
column level constraint being a part of the column definition can be imposed
only on the column level on which it is defined.
How to store a resume in the data base.
In pdf format
In text form
At
Is index useful in all cases
No
How to find if oracle is there in the resume stored in the data base?
Cat search.
Can null values be indexed?
Yes
Can a view be indexed?
No only create index for materialized view.

What is a cursor?
A cursor is handle or pointer to the context area.
Using the cursors how to increase the salary of employes by 15% whose
salary is
Greater than 20,000.
Declare
Cursor c1 is select sal from emp where sal>20000;
Sal1 emp.sal%type;
Begin
Open c1;
Loop
Fetch c1 into sal1;
Update emp set sal=sal+(sal1*20/100);
Exit when c1%notfound;
End loop;
End;
10. Can you put more than one constraint to a column?
Yes.
Mbt.interview
1). How to fetch duplicate rows.?(with out using rowid);
2). Write query to fetch details of candidates who are not females(including
nulls);
3).what is index, types of indexes?
4). What is bitmap index & why is efficient?
5) diff between bitmap & binary index;
6).how to know to which database we connected?
7) what is trigger,types of triggers?

8) where we use :old and :new ?

9)diff between fns and procds ?
10)diff between pkg spec & pkg body?
11).can we write nested blocks in pl/sql;
12).what is propagation exception?
13).can we create index for view?
14).what do u know abt materialized view?
15).what is the diff between dblink & materialized view?(incase of accessing)
16).what is cursor, types of cursors?
17) how do we process records in cursor?
18) what is autonomous transaction?
19)how do u identify autonomous trans in procedure?
20).what is correlated subquery & give an exml?
21).display details of all employees including who are not in deptno 40
(using outer
join).
22) what is dbms_job ?
23). What is dynamic sql?
24) what is partition, why u go for partitions, and write the syntax?
25).diff between triggers & integrity constraints?
26).what are analytical functions(roll up,rank,cube)?
27).what is sequence & where did u used in ur project?
28).diff between view & materialized view?
29) can we create index on materialized view?
30) what is primary key & unique key?
31).can we create index on primary key column?
32).what is unique index?
33) what is the syntax of organization table index?

34) what is the main diff between normal index & organization table index?
35).can foreign key column accepts null values & duplicate values?
36). Why we use autonomous trans & write syntax?
37). What is the main diff between function and procedure?
38). How we call a procedure?
39). Is exec a sql statement?
40). Tell me about function overloading?
41). What is the diff between integrity constraints and triggers?
42). Tell me about types of triggers?
43). What is forward declaration?
44). Can you select the salary by passing the eno as a argument in the
procedure?
45). Why you want to shift here?
46). What about your present company?
Questions faced by sreedhar in mbt
1st round
1.what is diff b/w procedure and func?
2.how will u rate ur self in c,proc,sql,pl/sql
3.he asked about init.ora
Here we initialize the data block size.
4.he asked about functions like fprintf,sprintf
5.he asked about precompilation steps
6.which compiler ur using?
7.diff b/w view and materialized view?
8.what is database link?
9.sqlca structure
Struct sqlca

{
Char sqlcaid[8];
Long sqlcabc;
Lond sqlcode;
Struct
{
Unsigned char sqlerrmc[70];
Short sqlerrml;
}sqlerrm;
Long sqlerrd[6];
Char sqlerrp[8];
Char sqlwarn[8];
Char sqlext[8];
};

10.he asked about utl_files

11.how is rate u r self in unix?
12.what is synonym?
13.how u will connect database from pro*c?
14.diff b/w view and synonym?
2nd round
1.she asked about project(current) indepth?
2.what is exception and tell the error code for data not found?
-01403
3.diff b/w implicit cursor and explicit cursor?
4.how u declare a cursor in pro*c?

Exec sql declare c1 cursor for select list from table_name;

5.propagation of exceptions?
6.if there are 3 users if user1 gives permission on select how will u give that
to user1 and how user2 can grant permission to user3?
7.how u will u copy 5 lines in vi editor?
5yy
8.have u done performance tuning?
10. What is diff b/w materialized view and view (atleast 5)
11.how will u reach end of file in vi editor?
12.she asked about linked list?
13.she asked about malloc function and return type of malloc?
14.precomplication steps
15.how u will delete 5 lines
5dd
16.what is dw
It deletes word.
17.grep
18.find command
19.how u will embedded pl/sql in pro*c?
Exec sql execute
Pl/sql block
End-exec;
20.grep v
Except that lines which contains that pattern
21.host variables
22.she asked about database links
23.diff procedure and trigger

24.have u written any shell scripts

#!Bin/bash
25.what is the o/p of .pc program
***26.diff b/w .pc and .c
27.she asked about utl_file what is its purpose?
28.have u heard about init.ora
29. Have u heard about .profile file
30.env
31.errd[2]
No of rows effected.
32.what is a pointer
33.tell me the syntax for creating dblinks
34.2 phase commit
35.she asked can i give tcl commands in triggers
36.diff b/w truncate and delete
37.how to get a new line b/w two lines
O
38.what is a in vi editor?
End of the line

3rd round
Hr
1.the command [tar xvf myoracle .tar]
Ans: extracts all of the files from the files named myoracle.tax in the
current directory.
2.which of the following unix command will not take the user students to his
personal home directory?

Ans: ed/~.
3.why should we use macros(variables) in a make file?
Ans:correct use of the macros allow a same oa makes default one purpose to
be easily converted for use in the another contex.
4.the command to test the files in the current directory e exactly chars in
length(eg.test.cc)?
Ans :ls *.??.
5.the (ln) command can be used to create?
Ans:both hard links and soft liks.
6.the following command can be used to capture and handle signal in shell
script?
Ans:trap.
7.the script named/tmp/my list contain the following :
Ans:user/local/bin/perk:not found.
8.what would be the out put of the following command:grep^[^a-zaz.*!File?
Ans:
9.the rapid of the current process(shell script) is returned by the user?
Ans:$$.
10.unix domain sockets(choose 2)?
Ans:can be used to communicate process naming on different meachines.
Sql&pl/sql
1.which one is fired first exception when others or when no_data_found?
Ans : no_data_found will raise first.
2.select count(1) from emp where null=null?;
Ans:0.
3.purpose of the substr();
Ans;to pick the desire string from the entire string.

4.select nvl(100/efficiency,nvl) from the colibrations,why it gives error?

Ans:
5.select distinct count(*) from dept;
Ans:6(this is based on given table values);
6.which two char remove escape option?
Ans:% /
7.default length of the char?
Ans: 1 byte.
8.select count(*) from emp where rownum>2;
Ans:0
9. Update emp set comm.=10,sal=sal+(sal*(comm./100)),what is the result
of the update stmt?
Ans:
10.select s1.currval from dual ,what will be the value when the session
opens?
Ans:it gives error.
Sequence s1.currval is not yet defined in this session
11.begin
Select x into x from test where tname=test;
Update test set tname=test where rownum=1;
Exception
When no_data_found then
Null;
End ;
Ans:it will not throw any error and comes out of the block;
12.if there are two after insert triggers on a table for each row,which will be
fired first?

Ans:recently written trigger will fire first..

13.select to_char(sysdate,mm/dd/yy hh 24mi) from dual;if it is 12:00 in the
night on
Jan 1,2000 what is result?
Ans:
14.what is the overloading?
Ans:
15.program define record type?
Ans:
16.cartesion product?
Ans:
17.synonym can not created for
Ans:none.
18.select distinct ename ,se2.nextval from emp?
Ans:error.
19.which is true?that table can have
Ans:
A)multiple triggers of same type but not multiple row triggers of the same
type.
B)multiple stmt&row type triggers of the same type.
C)maximum no.of triggers 12.
D)multiple row typr triggers of the same type but not multi stmt triggers of
same type.
20.when an attribute of the object is defined ref type ,what data is actually
stored in attributes?
Ans:pointer to data.
Oracle Financial Services PL/SQL Interview Questions
what are the hints, what is the use of hints.

what is full meaning of awr report, what is it,

what is the difference procedure and function.
what is view and materialized view, types of refreshing methods.
have you ever worked on dynamic sql.
how to get top 10 salaries from two different tables
write a query to get more then 2 employees under manager
how to tune sql statements, explain the steps you follow
Polaris interview questions
create table t1 (id,sal);

insert into t1(1,100)

insert into t1(2,200)
insert into t1(3,300)

create table t2 as select * from t1 where 1=2;

insert into t2(4,100)

insert into t2(5,100)
insert into t4(6,100)

delete from t2 where id in (5,6)

select count(*) from t1; ?

select count(*) from t2; ?

what is the output?

Polaris PL/SQL Interview Questions

Tell me about yourself
Myself Brahma Reddy, i am postgraduate and having 4 years of experience in
oracle technology in the areas of Unix, Pl/sql and Sql. Currently I am
associated with xxx as software developer ,previously i worked in yyy as a
software developer. My expert like as creating procedure, function, package
and handling the exception, during the years i worked different domains,
currently I am associated with xxx
What is your front end
How to pass data to java
Diff b/w procedure and function
Can we use all kind of function in function
What is trigger and trigger types
Do you know about analytical queries
About partions and pivot operator
Pivot queries involve transposing rows into columns (pivot) or columns into
rows (unpivot) to generate results in crosstab format. Pivoting is a common
technique, especially for reporting, and it has been possible to generate
pivoted resultsets with sql for many years and oracle versions. However, the
release of 11g includes explicit pivot-query support for the first time with the
introduction of the new pivot and unpivot keywords. These are extensions to
the select statement and we will explore the syntax and application of these
new features in this article.
Pivot
We will begin with the new pivot operation. Most developers will be familiar
with pivoting data: it is where multiple rows are aggregated and transposed
into columns, with each column representing a different range of aggregate
data. An overview of the new syntax is as follows:
What are joins
Can we use join more than one table
Diff b/w implicit and explicit
What is materialized view

I want to create a mv on another database and refresh periodically it is

possible
What is tunning
What is hint
Do you know sql *loader
What is your roles and responsibility?
How to communicate to your pm?
Select count(1) from dual;,what is output?
How to delete duplicate record's from table without distinct clause?
How to retrieve second height salary from table?
Diff b/w primary key & unique key?
Diff b/w procedure & package?
Which is better procedure or package?
What is cursor?types of cursor? And diff b/w cursors?
What is exception? Types of exceptions?
Tell me some user_defined exceptions with error codes?
What is sqlcode and sqlerr?
What is ref_cursor? Type of ref_cursors and diff b/w?
How give privilege a one procedure in package?
What is %type & %rowtype? What is main use?
How to improvee performence?
What is bulk collect? What is use of limit clause in bulk
What is forall?
What is merge statement? Give me syntax?
What is view? Use of view's?
What is nocopy clause?where it is used?
What are the environments are there in your company?

collect?

How to connect your database?

What are the shartcut of compile & execution of programes in sql developer
tool?
Are faced any trouble in your project?
What are the module's , you are working?
Which will fire default first statement level or row level trigger?
What is bulkcollect? And any restrictions in bulkcollect?
What is the use of limit clause in bulkcollect?
How to debugg your code?
How to trace error handling?
How to find which line error was raised?
What are the methods there in save exceptions?
What is functional based index? Write syntax?
How to update complex view?
Can you alter procedure with in package?
Is it possible to open cursor which is in package in

another procrdure?

What is substr()&instr()?
Difference between case and decode?
Can you use sysdate in check constraints? If no, why?
Difference between column level constraints & table level
What is optimizer?
What is nested_loop join?
What is pivot operater?
Tell me some oracle 10g features?
What is m_view?
What is master & detail tables?
What is sqlcode and sqlerrm?

constraints?

Diff b/w procedure & packages?

What are the dis_adv of packages?
Scope international PL/SQL Interview Questions
How to see invalid indexes?
How to rebuild invalid indexes using pl/sql block
Which cursor are used in u r project,how to idenified which cursor are wrritten
in u r requirement?which is better explict or implict?
A. Emp
B. Ename,deptno,sal

dept
deptno,dname

I want to output bellow

A)dname,sum(sal) wise
B)dname,max(sal) wise
Create small procedure in u r project you are created?
Do u know m_views? Explain wat is disadvantages and advantages?
When m_views are created mainly?if base table deleted what happen
m_views?
Why are u creating m_views in u r project?main purpose?
In exceptions you have handle write ora errors?
Ora errors where stored?
More 3 + experience interview questions
Unix
What is shell
What are different type of shells and explain about them?
How will you move the cursor with out using arrow keys in vi editor
What are keys for moving forward and backward screen
What ps will do and explain options
What is grep

What are i and v options will do in grep

What find command will do
What is use of exec in find
What {} will do
What are re directive operators in unix
What are wild card symbols in unix
How you get latest processed record
How you get processed files between some time period
What is default symbol in case
How you write different commands in single statement
Then how shell will allocate for that two commands
What are the symbols to check the numeric values
Write a script for
1.check a file if it is available or not
2. If available rename it
3. Open a new file and 1,2,3,4, values in it
How you will open another file in same vi editor
How you come back
How you get the values of arguments
How you get the all values of arguments
What is egrep
Oracle
What are different types of queries
Write a correlated sub query and explain how it works
What are different type of statements
What tcl do

What is difference between stored procedure and function

How you handle errors
What is %type and %row type
What are different types of cursors
How implicit cursor works
What are different type of triggers
Write a pl/sql block for trigger at the time of insertion for inserting old and
new values auditing table.
What are different types of joins
What self join do
Write an example and explain about self join
Write an example for left outer join and how output comes
What is difference between in and = operator
What is package
Tell some advantages of packages
What are collections in pl/sql
What are pointers in c
How you connect to data base
Some more interview questions asked in scope
Difference between cursor for loop and for loop, which is faster?
In proc and pl/sql, which is faster?
Which is best method to kill the process (unix or oracle)?
Difference between c shell, bourn shell, k shell?
What is inode?
How to search two patterns using grep pattern?
Difference between ls and find?
Difference between view and snapshot?

Difference between function and procedure?

Why we cannot use ddl commands in procedure?
Difference between global variable and static global variable?
How to access variable of nested procedure?
If we have both user exception and system exception, which will be handled
first?
Difference between anonymous block and normal block?
Can we create snapshot for another schema?
How to access table from another database?
SONY PL/SQL Interview Questions
Introduce about your self.
Tell me about your project.
For what purpose you are used pro*c in your project.
What is a package, advantages and disadvantages of packages?
What is a procedure and function.
Display the duplicate records in table.
What is meant by overloading.
What is meant by one time procedure.
What is meant by function purity levels.
What is meant by for update clause.
What is meant by dynamic sql.
What are the types of exceptions in pl/sql.
What is meant by raise_application_error.
What is meant by utl_File.
What are the exceptions are there in utl_file.
What is the structure of varchar.
What is the structure of sqlca.

What is meant by whenever statement.

How to embeded the pl/sql block in proc.
How can you declare the cursor in proc.
What is meant by ps command in unix.
How to search the pattern.
How to search a file in particular directory.
What is meant by normalization.
How many types of triggers can be created on a table .
Ans: 12 types of triggers can be created on a table
Before insert/update/delete for each row
After

insert/update/delete for each row

Before insert/update/delete for each statement

After

insert/update/delete for each statement

******************************************************************************
***

Explain your project

File uploading and generation in pro*c in detail with code.
Host array.
Indicator variable.
How do you compile pro*c program.
What are the files create when you compile pro*c program
Unit testing plan
Difference between procedure, function and package
Advantages of package
Disadvantages of package

Methods in pro*c in detail with code

Sqlca in detail
Can we write ddl statements in procedure
Optimization steps
Autonomous transaction
Pragma
Init pragma
Have you used system packages?
Functions in utl file?
Utl file errors
Display the duplicate rows.
Instead of trigger
What is the difference between Sun Solaris and Unix
When do you get core dump errors in pro*c
Varchar structure
Native Sql
Dynamic Sql in pl/Sql
Native compilation.
What is table mutating? When do you get it?
What is the use of cursor? What are different types of cursors?
What is ref cursor? Have used it
Correlated subquery? With example?
How do you declare cursor in pro*c
Bulk binding.
In a procedure I have written dml statement with in the loop and issued
commit with in the loop. What will happen?
Have you talked to your client

Have you prepared any documents

TCS PL/SQL Interview Questions
What are the environments in your company?
How to know which version is currently runing in your database?
Do you have any experience in data modeling?
How to disable all triggers in a table?
How many triggers are you created?
How many triggers created on one table?
Which will fire default first statement level or row level trigger?
What is bulkcollect? And any restrictions in bulkcollect?
What is the use of limit clause in bulkcollect?
How to debugg your code?
How to trace error handling?
How to find which line error was raised?
What are the methods there in save exceptions?
What is functional based index? Write syntax?
How to update complex view?
Can you alter procedure with in package?
Is it possible to open cursor which is in package in another procrdure?
What is substr()&instr()?
Difference between case and decode?
Can you use sysdate in check constraints? If no, why?
Difference between column level constraints & table level constraints?
What is optimizer?
What is nested_loop join?
What is pivot operater?

Tell me some oracle 10g features?

What is m_view?
What is master & detail tables?
What is sqlcode and sqlerrm?
Diff b/w procedure & packages?
What are the dis_adv of packages?
Tech Mahindra PL/SQL Interview Questions
Tech Mahindra PL/SQL Interview Questions (Monday, 4 January 2016)
Briefly about yourself
What is the difference between associative array and varray.
Can we use delete method in vaary.
What is the difference between procedure and function?
Can we call a procedure in select statement with any restriction?
Can we restrict the function invoke in select statement.
Scenario of materialized view, differences of refresh methods.
What is materialized view log?
Can you create an index on frequently updated column?
Difference between btree and ditmap index
Can we use insert and update statement in single query.
Syntax of merge statement.
What are cursor and ref cursor and difference between cursor and ref cursor
and example of ref cursor?
Table function and pipelined function
What is global temporary table?
Hierarchical queries
What is autonomous transaction?
What is raise application error, ways of using?

What is numeric value error?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tell me your project
What are the packages, functions, procedures you developed in your project
what are their Functionality?
Difference between loop and bulk collect which is the faster way
What is global table
Can we load the data from table to table through utl_file package
Difference b/w sql *loader and utl_file package
Which is the faster way to load the data
Description about project?
Difference between having and group by
Difference between case and decode
Difference between delete and truncate
How many types of indexes
What is trigger and types
Diff b/w view and materialized view
Can we update the view
I have one table i created view and materialized view on a table if i delete a
table
Can i see the view and materialized view?
Can u call function in same function
Can we use tcl commands in trigger
What is the cursor and ref cursor
In which format u got the project?
How u started with u r project?

What r the steps u followed to create tables in Your project?

How you involved in db design process?
What r the scripts u wrote for inserting and Deleting data from db?
How u export the data from db to excel file
Where u stored the files in db?
How u execute the code in sql prompt?
Tell me some names of functions and Procedures that u created in u r project?
What is the name of requirement Specification?
What are the path names u provided to
Execute u r coded data?
Steps to get the data from oracle to unix Environment?
UST Global PL/SQL Interview Questions
Explain yourself, roles and responsibility.
What is histograms, explain offline histograms and online histograms.
What is hash partition, when you create a hash partition?
When you create a function based index, why you go for function based
index,
What is hash join, explain how to use,
What is the difference between primary key and unique key,
I have create a composite primary key on two columns and inserting on value
and null value, is it possible, and create a unique index on other columns,
inserting 3 rows and inserting 3 null value on unique column, is it possible.
Have you ever create sequence on primary key column
Tell me the query to retrieve top 5 salaries in each dept wise using analytical
function.
Types of materialized view refreshing methods
Fast refresh working on complex materialized view,can we create a index on
materialized view.

Can we use varray in function,

What are cursor attributes, types of ref cursor?
What is nested table, how to retrieve nested table.
I am using autonomous transaction in procedure and having two different
table transactions, I havent use exception block ,if i got any error in
procedure what happened.
While using bulk collect and forall how to save all exceptions, how see save
exceptions log table.
Vayana PL/SQL Interview Questions
What is method using export the data from database to excel file?

We are using UTL_FILES TO export the data from database to excel file

What is Migration?

Data transfer from one data base to entire data base into different formats of
data like as oracle to oracle, oracle to db2, oracle to excel, oracle to text

What type of migration you are using

Export/import

What is database link, what command used, permissions

A database link is a pointer that defines a one-way communication path from

an Oracle Database server to another database server. The link pointer is
actually defined as an entry in a data dictionary table.

Create database link ora10gdev

connect to scott
identified by tiger
using 'ora10gdev';
The remote user will need to have at least 'CREATE SESSION' privileges.When
creating an oracle database link, you can decide to create it privately,
you are now ready to select your data from the remote database referenced
by the db link.
select * from dept@ ora10gdev;

What is source control you are using in your current project?

Currently I am using vss(visual source safe) version controlling tool (SVN)

Why it is called a stored procedure

Stored procedure is a compiled data base object it is stored in data base so

that it can be shared by a number of programs so it is called stored procedure

What are the features in oracle 10g

It supports flashback features

It supports retuning with group function
Automatic storage management in multiple disks
It is used to store ejb components directly into database without any
transaction
Database tuning improvements
Scheduler utilities
Back trace an exception to its line number

Compile-time warnings
Oracle data pump utility (oracle data pump is a newer,faster and more
flexible alternative to the exp and imp utilities used in previous oracle
versions.in addition to basic import and export functionality data pump
provides a pl/sql application and support for external tables.

Do you know about inline view? (TOP-N ANALYSIS)

In the select statement instead of table name, replacing the select statement
is known as inline view.
Ex:
SQL> Select ename, sal, rownum rank from (select *from emp order by sal);
What is autonomous transaction?

Autonomous transactions allow you to leave the context of the calling

transaction, perform an independent transaction, and return to the calling
transaction without affecting it's state. The autonomous transaction has no
link to the calling transaction, so only committed data can be shared by both
transactions.

What is exception?

Error occur during runtime processing due to application logic error is known
as exception. Exception is nothing but exception handling; it terminates main
body of action means a block always terminates when plsql raises an
exception. We can specify an exception handler to perform final action.

What are predefined exceptions?

NO_DATA_FOUND, CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN, INVALID_CURSOR,

TOO_MANY_ROWS, ZERO_DIVIDE, INVALID_NUMBER, etc

There is a error in a procedure it is not define into exception block where

controller will go, corresponding handler is not there, what is the exception it
will throw

If the exception is raised in the executable section of the block and there is
no corresponding handler the plsql block terminates with failure(go to end )

There is exception block, others is defined that, after the begin statement
insert statement and update statement and during the execution time insert
statement is failed because of some reasons where controller will go

Controller goes to exception section and throws the exception

Can we use commit in trigger

Yes, if we can use pragma autonomous transaction in trigger we can commit

What is mutating trigger

If a trigger body is trying to modified by a DML statement and the trigger

event also DML statement. A mutating table error occurs we have to rewrite
row level trigger to statement level trigger

Difference between procedure and function

Procure may or not a return value, function should return the value.
We can use the function within queries , procedure wont able to use it in the
queries.

We can implicitly executed the stored procedure, functions cant

Without return statement i will compile the function . It will compile or not

No, function should return statement

Virtusa PL/SQL Interview Questions

Virtusa PL/SQL Interview Questions on 4.5 Years of Experience
How to tune sql query, optimizer can't check index column after using index
hint how resolve the issue.
What are collections, which collection is limited?
What is the use of limit clause in bulk collect, how to handle exception in bulk
collect.
Why index by array faster?
Updating 1 lak records using forall update and committed, is it possible to
update single iteration.
What is global variable and local variable?
What is ref cursor and types of cursor attributes.
Can we use procedure inside procedure?
How many parameters can we use in procedure?
I have created procedure with 4 parameters, in java calling only 3 parameters
then what happens.
Difference between trigger and synonym
How many primary keys can create a table, what is default index?
What is composite index and cluster index?
What are built in packages in oracle?
Why you create a materialized view?
What is the use of listagg analytic function?

What is execute immediate statement

Can we use ddl statements in procedure?
Can we use tcl commands in trigger?
SELECT 1 FROM dual
UNION
SELECT 1 FROM dual; What is the output?
Wipro PL/SQL Interview Questions
Wipro PL/SQL Interview Questions pune in 2015

How to find which statement taking more time in package?

I found bottlenecks in sql statement as below
Select * from emp where dept_no in (10,20);
Is it possible to change select * from emp where dept_no=10 or dept_no=20;
in production?
Can we create index on virtual columns.
What is invisible column?
How many types of partitions, explain interval partition, virtual partitions and
Reference Partition.
What is continue statement.
Can we update complex view, i want to insert, delete and update operation
on view, what are the steps of instead of dml operations.
What is the purpose of materialized view?
I have trying to create a sequence like 1 2 3 4 5 next row i want start 1 2 3 4
5 is it possible?
C1 c2 c3 i want create a nested type on c2 column is it possible.
When we use varry tell me the example.
Types of collections, syntax of index by arry in bulk pressing.
I have a table with 1 billion records and i want load 50000 records which

method you follow.

While using forall insert some rows are failed how to see the those records.
What is pragma autonomous transaction.
Can you write trigger ordering
I want to truncate a table before loding data through sql loader is it right
way?
What is the advantage of packages.
What is reverse key index.
What is the use of nocopy hint.
Wipro PL/SQL Interview Questions
SQL and PL/SQL
Difference between truncate and delete.
write a query to find second max salary.
SELECT SAL SECONFD FROM EMP WHERE SAL NOT IN(SELECT MAX(SAL)
FIRST FROM EMP);
write a query to delete duplicate rows.
DELETE FROM EMP WHERE ROWID <>(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM EMP B
WHERE EMPNO=B.EMPNO);
difference between procedure and function.
what is package.how to call the function.
PACKAGE.FUNCTION-NAME
UNIX
In a text file containing orange and apple.i want number of occurrences.
GREP N ORANGE APPLE FILE NAME
how to delete recently created 10 days files.
FIND . TYPE F -ATIME +10 EXEC RM {};\
how du you know which process is running in u r system.

PS -L