For God so loved the world, that

he gave his only begotten Son,

that whosoever believeth in him
should not perish, but have
everlasting life.
John 3: 16

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

AN INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES
Define Physical Science.
Discuss the importance of Physical Science.
Identify the components of Physical
Science.
Determine the skills used by the scientists to
understand Physical Science.
Explain the process of Scientific Method.

WHAT IS SCIENCE?
A body of facts that serve
as a basis for the
discovery of the general
truth.
Systematized body of
knowledge
A systematic attempt to
establish theories.

WHAT IS SCIENCE?
A process whereby man
seeks to understand the
world and the universe
through scientific
theories proven by
practical expriments.

WHY IS SCIENCE
IMPORTANT?
Because it gives us ideas on the
nature of life and the things that
occur around us.

Physics
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
BRANCHES
OF SCIENCE

Chemistry

Earth Science

BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES

Anatomy,
cytology,
physiology
Embryology,
Genetics,
Taxonomy

WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE?

Deals a study of selected
topics from Chemistry,
Physics, and Earth
Science

Deals with inanimate

matter and energy

WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE?

Physical Science is the
study of matter, energy,
and the changes they
undergo.

Systematic study of the

inorganic world

WHY IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE

IMPORTANT?
it gives us knowledge on the natural world.
explains the measure of the different
physical quantities that play a vital role in
our daily life, such as volume, weight,
mass, distance, speed etc.

WHY IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE

IMPORTANT?

provides ideas on matter and energy

and how they interact.
it gives us the knowledge on the
properties of matter and the changes
they undergo.

WHY IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE

IMPORTANT?

allow us to understand the physical

constitution of the earth and its
atmosphere.

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF

PHYSICAL SCIENCE?
PHYSICS
explains the measure of the
different physical quantities that
play a vital role in our daily life.
Physics help us understand the
electrical signals, which carry the
sensation in our body, to our mind,
by which we are able to see, hear
or to feel the objects.

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF

PHYSICAL SCIENCE?
CHEMISTRY
The science that deals with matter,
its
structure,
properties,
composition and the transformation
from one form to another.
Chemistry helps us to appreciate
the value of Matter in our daily
living.

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF

PHYSICAL SCIENCE?
EARTH SCIENCE
Deals with the study of the
solid Earth, the water on it
and the air that surrounds it.

is the study of matter

and energy and how
they interact.

is the study of the

properties of matter
and the changes they
undergo.

the branch of
science dealing with
the physical
constitution of the
earth and its
atmosphere.

SKILLS SCIENTIST USED

OBSERVING
Using one or more senses to
gather information.

2 TYPES:
- Quantitative observation
- Qualitative observation

SKILLS SCIENTIST USED

QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION
-Involves numbers
Example: measuring your height or
weight.

SKILLS SCIENTIST USED

QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION
-Describing what you see; doesnt
involved number.

Example: Noticing that the ball is

round or the stove is hot.

SKILLS SCIENTIST USED

INFERRING
When you explain your
observation,
you
are
inferring.
To infer is to make a
hypothesis based on what
you observed.
Based on reasoning from
what you already know.

SKILLS SCIENTIST USED

PREDICTING
Predicting means making a forecast
of what will happen in the future
based on past experiences or
evidence.
Example: If Charles continues to rob
stores, he will get caught.
OR
Its cloudy outside, so it will probably
rain.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
It provides a common framework that is
effective in discovering, organizing, and
applying new knowledge.
An organized way for scientists (or
anyone!) to answer questions and
develop solutions.

PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
1. Defining or Stating the Problem.
2. Observation and gathering information on
the problem.
3. Formulating a hypothesis.
4. Performing experiments to test
hypothesis.
5. Recording and analyzing/interpreting
data.
6. Stating a Conclusion

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FORMULATION OF A PROBLEM
This includes questioning. The usual questions that
arise in science include the WHY, WHAT, HOW,
etc.

Examples:
What doorknob in school has the most germs ?
Does the color of a light bulb affect the growth of
grass seeds?

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
OBSERVATION
Using one or more senses to gather information.
Quantitative observation
-Involves numbers

Example: measuring your height or

weight.

Qualitative observation

-Describing what you see; doesnt

involved

number.
Example: Noticing that the ball is round or the
stove is hot.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS
After doing your research, try to predict the
answer to the problem. Another term for
hypothesis is educated guess. This is usually
stated like If I(do something) then(this will
occur).

Example:
If I grow grass seeds under green light bulbs, then
they will grow faster than plants growing under red
light bulbs.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
EXPERIMENTATION
Design a test or procedure to find out if your
hypothesis is correct.

Example:
You would set up grass seeds under a green light
bulb and seeds under a red light and observe each for
a couple of weeks. You would also set up grass seeds
under regular white light so that you can compare it
with the others.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
EXPERIMENTATION
SET-UP
#1 (grass seeds under
regular white light)

1st week
Length in cm.

2nd week
Length in cm.

GROWTH OF
THE SEED IN 2
WEEKS

0 cm.

0 cm.

0 cm.

1 cm.

2 cm.

3 cm.

2 cm.

3 cm.

5 cm.

CONTROL
#2 (grass seeds under a
red light)

EXPERIMENTAL
#3 (grass seeds under a
green light
EXPERIMENTAL

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
ANALYSIS OR INTERPRETATION
Record what happened during the experiment.
Also known as data. Data should be obtained
directly from the site of experimentation.
Classification of Data:
1. Qualitative data- refers to characteristics such as color,
texture and odor.
2. Quantitative data- refers to numbers such as height,
weight, age, etc.
TAKE NOTE: Analysis of data should be conducted in order to arrive at a
conclusion

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
STATING A CONCLUSION
Review the data and check to see if your
hypothesis was correct.

Example:
If the grass under the green light bulb grew faster,
then you proved your hypothesis, if not, your
hypothesis was wrong.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBSERVATION

AND INTERPRETATION

OBSERVATION:

An observation is any report from your 5

senses. It does not involve an explanation. An
observation can also involve measurements.
Such an observation is a quantitative one, as
opposed to a qualitative one (no
measurements).

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBSERVATION

AND INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION

An interpretation is an attempt to
figure out what has been observed. Here
are some examples designed to help you
distinguish between them.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBSERVATION

AND INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION.

OBSERVATION

Heat rose from the candle.

The temperature immediately above the flame

was 99 oC but only 30 oC on the side of the
flame.

Americans are friendly people.

Eighteen of the twenty one people I met at

Gooserocks Beach were polite and smiled
frequently.

Oxygen was used up and water was sucked in

to the flask.

The water level in the flask rose after the

candle was extinguished.

The air around the burning candle did not

expand or get compressed enough to make
noise.

The burning candle made no sound.

COMPLETE THE PUZZLE AT THE RIGHT USING

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1
2

DOWN
1). What field of science that deals with the study of
physics, chemistry, and earth science?

3). What branch of science deals with the physical

constitution of the earth and its atmosphere?

5
6

4). A change in position in a certain amount of time

is called _________?
6). A branch of Earth Science which is concerned
with the circulation of water is called?
9). It is a systematized body of knowledge?
ACROSS

2). What field of physical science deals with matter,

its structure, properties, composition and the
transformation from one form to another?

4). ________ is anything that occupies space with

mass?
5). What do you call a logical and orderly procedure
of investigation?
7). What do call a phase change from solid to liquid?
8). It is a vent, or opening in the surface of the earth
through which magma and associated gasses and
ash erupts.

7
8

ASSIGNMENT
1. In a sheet of paper, make a quantitative and
qualitative observation based on the picture below.

ASSIGNMENT
2. Choose a partner, think of a scientific problem.
Then make your own scientific method example
based on the problem.
Follow the following steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

State a Problem.
Formulate a hypothesis
Performing experiments to test hypothesis.
Recording and analyzing/interpreting data.
Stating a Conclusion

Write it in a crosswise