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    Pearson's Square

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    gennoxyd
    The Pearson square is a simple ration formulation procedure used to balance rations with two ingredients. To use the square properly, the nutrient requirement in the middle must be between the values of the two ingredients. Only the numerical differences between these values are used. The parts calculated on the diagonals are then used to determine the percentage of each ingredient in the ration. Nutrient contents and requirements must be on the same basis, such as dry matter, for accurate results. More than two ingredients can be used by first combining ingredients into two groups and then applying the square method. Feed composition can be expressed on an as-fed or dry matter basis using calculations shown.

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    Pearson's Square

    Uploaded by

    gennoxyd
    851 views3 pages
    The Pearson square is a simple ration formulation procedure used to balance rations with two ingredients. To use the square properly, the nutrient requirement in the middle must be between the values of the two ingredients. Only the numerical differences between these values are used. The parts calculated on the diagonals are then used to determine the percentage of each ingredient in the ration. Nutrient contents and requirements must be on the same basis, such as dry matter, for accurate results. More than two ingredients can be used by first combining ingredients into two groups and then applying the square method. Feed composition can be expressed on an as-fed or dry matter basis using calculations shown.

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    for cocker's feed formulation

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    The Pearson square is a simple ration formulation procedure used to balance rations with two ingredients. To use the square properly, the nutrient requirement in the middle must be between the values of the two ingredients. Only the numerical differences between these values are used. The parts calculated on the diagonals are then used to determine the percentage of each ingredient in the ration. Nutrient contents and requirements must be on the same basis, such as dry matter, for accurate results. More than two ingredients can be used by first combining ingredients into two groups and then applying the square method. Feed composition can be expressed on an as-fed or dry matter basis using calculations shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    851 views3 pages

    Pearson's Square

    Uploaded by

    gennoxyd
    The Pearson square is a simple ration formulation procedure used to balance rations with two ingredients. To use the square properly, the nutrient requirement in the middle must be between the values of the two ingredients. Only the numerical differences between these values are used. The parts calculated on the diagonals are then used to determine the percentage of each ingredient in the ration. Nutrient contents and requirements must be on the same basis, such as dry matter, for accurate results. More than two ingredients can be used by first combining ingredients into two groups and then applying the square method. Feed composition can be expressed on an as-fed or dry matter basis using calculations shown.

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    L

    MANAGEMENT
    Formulating Rations With the Pearson Square no. 1.618
    by J. Wagner and T.L. Stanton 1

    Quick Facts...
    The Pearson square ration
    formulation procedure is
    designed for simple rations.

    The Pearson square or box method of balancing rations is a simple


    procedure that has been used for many years. It is of greatest value when only
    two ingredients are to be mixed. In taking a close look at the square, several
    numbers are in and around the square. Probably one of the more important
    numbers is the number that appears in the middle of the square. This number
    represents the nutritional requirement of an animal for a specific nutrient. It may
    be crude protein or TDN, amino acids, minerals or vitamins.

    In order for the square to work,


    follow specific directions for its
    use.
    Nutrient contents of ingredients
    and nutrient requirements must
    be expressed on the same basis
    (i.e., dry-matter or as-fed).

    Colorado State University


    Extension. 9/93. Reviewed 4/06.
    www.ext.colostate.edu

    In order to make the square work consistently, there are three very
    important considerations:
    1. The value in the middle of the square must be intermediate between
    the two values that are used on the left side of the square. For
    example, the 14 percent crude protein requirement has to be inter
    mediate between the soybean meal that has 45 percent crude protein
    or the corn that has 10 percent crude protein. If barley is used that
    has 12 percent crude protein and corn that has 10 percent crude
    protein, the square calculation method will not work because the
    14 percent is outside the range of the values on the left side of the
    square.
    2. Disregard any negative numbers that are generated on the right side
    of the square. Be concerned only with the numerical differences be
    tween the nutrient requirement and the ingredient nutrient values.
    3. Subtract the nutrient value from the nutritional requirement on the
    diagonal and arrive at a numerical value entitled parts. By summing
    those parts and dividing by the total, you can determine the percent
    of the ration that each ingredient should represent in order to provide
    a specific nutrient level. Always subtract on the diagonal within the

    square in order to determine parts. Always double check calculations


    to make sure that you did not have a mathematical error. It also is
    very important to work on a uniform basis. Use a 100-percent drymatter basis for nutrient composition of ingredients and requirements
    and then convert to an as-fed basis after the formulation is calculated.
    Corn represents (31.0 / 35.00) x 100 of the ration, or 88.57 percent.
    Soybean meal represents (4.0 / 35.00) x 100 of the ration, or .43 percent. Check
    of the calculation:
    88.57 lb corn x 10.0% CP
    =
    8.86
    11.43 lb SBM x 45.0% CP
    =
    5.14
    100.00 lb mixture contains
    =
    14.00 lb CP, or 14 percent.

    Using More Than Two


    Ingredients

    It is possible to mix more


    than two ingredients using the
    Pearson square. For example, to
    prepare a 15 percent crude protein
    mixture that consists of a supplement
    of 60 percent soybean meal (45
    percent crude protein) and 40 percent
    corn gluten meal (45 percent crude
    protein), and a grain mixture of 65
    percent corn (9 percent crude protein)
    and 35 percent oats (12 percent crude
    protein), take the following steps.
    Since only two components
    can be used in the Pearson square
    method, the ingredients are combined
    first as follows:
    60% SBM x 45% crude protein =
    27.0
    40% CGM x 45%
    =
    18.0
    Protein in supplement mixture
    45.0%
    65% corn x 9.0%
    =
    35% oats x 12.0%
    =
    Protein in grain mix

    5.85
    4.20
    10.05%

    5.0 parts x 60%


    =
    3.0 parts SBM
    5.0 parts x 40% =
    2.0 parts CGM
    30.0 parts x 65%
    =
    19.5 parts corn
    30.0 parts x 35%
    =
    10.5 parts oats

    35.0
    (3.0 / 35.0)
    =
    8.57% SBM
    (2.0 / 35.0)
    =
    5.71% CGM
    (19.5 / 35.0) =
    55.72% corn
    (10.5 / 35.0) =
    30.00% corn
    Check:
    8.57 lb SBM at 45% CP
    =
    5.71 lb CGM at 45% CP
    55.72 lb corn at 9% CP
    =
    30.00 lb oats at 12% CP
    =
    100.00 lb contains

    3.86 lb
    =
    2.57 lb
    5.01 lb
    3.60 lb
    15.04 lb or 15% CP

    Expressing Feed Composition

    The crude-protein value of a feed or the percentage of any other


    component (e.g., calcium or phosphorus) can be expressed several ways. The two
    most common methods of expression are on an as-fed basis or dry-matter basis.
    Use the following procedure to calculate composition on a dry-matter basis.
    Crude protein value on an as-fed basis divided by dry-matter content
    of the feed times 100 equals the crude-protein content on a dry-matter basis. If
    alfalfa hay is used as an example, the crude protein value is 17 percent on an asfed basis. On a dry-matter basis, the crude protein value of the hay is calculated
    as follows: 17 / 0.91 (moisture content of 9 percent) times 100 equals 18.7
    percent crude protein.
    To determine the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of the above
    alfalfa on a dry-matter basis, follow the same procedure: 50 percent (TDN value
    on an as-fed basis) divided by 0.91 (dry-matter content of the feed) times 100
    equals 54.9 percent TDN on a dry-matter basis. Likewise, the crude-protein
    content or the TDN value also can be expressed on the basis of any given drymatter level. For example, if you use a 90-percent dry-matter basis, use the follow
    ing calculation. Given a TDN value of 76 percent and a dry-matter content of 86
    percent (14 percent moisture), what would be the TDN value of this feed on a 90
    percent dry-matter basis?
    (76 x .90) / .86 = 79.5 percent TDN on a 90 percent dry-matter basis.

    Ration Composition Calculations

    If you know the dry-matter composition of a specific ration and want to


    determine what that composition will be on an as-fed basis for mixing, make the
    calculations shown in Table 1.
    Conversely, if you know the as-fed composition of the ration and the
    dry matter of each ingredient, determine the ration dry-matter composition as
    shown in Table 2.

    Table 1: Converting from dry matter to as-fed.



    Ration Ingredient

    dry-matter % dry
    Feed
    composition matter
    Calculations
    Composition
    Corn silage
    70
    35
    Alfalfa
    30
    90

    70/.35 = 200 (200/233) x 100 =


    30/.30 = 33 (33/233) x 100 =
    233

    Ration
    as-fed

    84.84
    14.16

    Table 2: Converting from as-fed to dry matter.



    Ration Ingredient

    dry-matter % dry
    Feed
    composition matter
    Calculations
    Composition
    Corn silage
    65
    35
    Alfalfa
    35
    90

    J. Wagner, Colorado State University


    professor, animal sciences and general
    manager, Southeastern Colorado Research
    Center; T. Stanton, former Extension feedlot
    specialist and professor, animal sciences.

    65/.35 = 22.75
    35/.90 = 31.50
    54.25

    (22.75/54.25) x 100 =
    (31.50/54.25) x 100 =

    Ration
    as-fed

    41.94
    58.06

    Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating.
    Extension programs are available to all without discrimination. No endorsement of products
    mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned.

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