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    Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life

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    christian
    This document discusses microorganisms and their role in our everyday lives. It begins by defining microorganisms as tiny living things, like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa, that can only be seen with a microscope. It then describes different types of microorganisms in more detail, including their characteristics, examples of diseases they cause, and their roles in areas like medicine, agriculture and industry. The document also discusses how microorganisms can be both helpful and harmful to humans, plants and other living things, and their importance in processes like food preservation, decomposition, and genetic engineering. It emphasizes the interdependence between microorganisms and humans in maintaining a balanced biosphere.

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    Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life

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    christian
    4K views13 pages
    This document discusses microorganisms and their role in our everyday lives. It begins by defining microorganisms as tiny living things, like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa, that can only be seen with a microscope. It then describes different types of microorganisms in more detail, including their characteristics, examples of diseases they cause, and their roles in areas like medicine, agriculture and industry. The document also discusses how microorganisms can be both helpful and harmful to humans, plants and other living things, and their importance in processes like food preservation, decomposition, and genetic engineering. It emphasizes the interdependence between microorganisms and humans in maintaining a balanced biosphere.

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    This document discusses microorganisms and their role in our everyday lives. It begins by defining microorganisms as tiny living things, like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa, that can only be seen with a microscope. It then describes different types of microorganisms in more detail, including their characteristics, examples of diseases they cause, and their roles in areas like medicine, agriculture and industry. The document also discusses how microorganisms can be both helpful and harmful to humans, plants and other living things, and their importance in processes like food preservation, decomposition, and genetic engineering. It emphasizes the interdependence between microorganisms and humans in maintaining a balanced biosphere.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views13 pages

    Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life

    Uploaded by

    christian
    This document discusses microorganisms and their role in our everyday lives. It begins by defining microorganisms as tiny living things, like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa, that can only be seen with a microscope. It then describes different types of microorganisms in more detail, including their characteristics, examples of diseases they cause, and their roles in areas like medicine, agriculture and industry. The document also discusses how microorganisms can be both helpful and harmful to humans, plants and other living things, and their importance in processes like food preservation, decomposition, and genetic engineering. It emphasizes the interdependence between microorganisms and humans in maintaining a balanced biosphere.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Micro-organisms

    in our everyday
    life

    Made by: - R.christian sugantharaj


    Class: - 11-b

    MICROORG
    ANISMS IN OUR
    EVERYDAY LIFE
    In our everyday life we come across many plants
    and animals. However there are many other
    living organisms around us which we cant see
    through naked eyes. These organisms are called
    Micro- Organisms. These Organisms can only be
    seen through Microscope. They are measured in
    microns and millimicrons. Examples are Virus,
    bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoan like Amoeba,
    Plasmodium.

    MICRO-ORGANISMS

    TYPES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS:1.VIRUS:Virus is a Latin word which means poison. Viruses


    are the smallest and simplest of all living
    organisms. The study of viruses is called Virology.
    Viruses show both living and non-living
    characteristics. They are considered as being on
    the border line between living and non-living
    organisms.
    Common ailments like cold, influenza (flu) and
    most coughs are caused by viruses. Serious
    diseases like polio and chicken pox are also
    caused by viruses.

    Different types of Viruses


    2.BACTERIA:Bacteria are unicellular and microscopic,
    belonging to the world of microbes. The study of
    bacteria is called Bacteriology. Bacteria were first

    observed under a microscope by the Dutch


    Scientist Anton Von Leeuwenhoek in 1675. Later,
    Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Lord Lister carried
    out detailed studies on bacteria. Bacteria are
    measured in microns. 1 micron = 1/1000
    millimetre. Diseases like dysentery and malaria
    are caused by protozoans whereas typhoid and
    tuberculosis (TB) are bacterial diseases.

    Bacteria

    3.ALGAE:-

    Chlamydomonas is a unicellular green algae. It is


    spherical or oval in shape. The protoplasm is
    surrounded by a cellulose cell wall. The study of
    algae is called Phycology.
    Examples:-Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas is in the
    given fig etc.

    4.FUNGI:Yeast is a unicellular, saprophytic fungus. The cell


    is oval shaped. The cytoplasm shows the
    presence of organelles like endoplasmic
    reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, etc., Fungi do
    not possess chlorophyll. Hence they are
    incapable of photosynthesis. The study of fungi is
    called Mycology. They lead a parasitic or
    saprophytic mode of life.

    Yeast Cell
    Bread Mould
    A black powdery spot with a network of thread
    like filaments, called hyphae is called mycelium
    (bread mould) which changes the colour of the
    bread.
    5. PROTOZOA:- Protozoans are unicellular
    organisms. Metabolic activities are done by
    organelles. Protozoans show mainly two modes
    of life, free living and parasitic. Free living
    organisms inhabit fresh and salt water. Parasitic
    forms live as ectoparasites or endoparasites.
    They cause diseases.
    Uses of Microorganisms In Medicine,
    agriculture, industry and daily living.
    Microorganisms are used in the manufacture of
    antibiotics, linen, bread, wine, beer and the other
    industries. Microorganisms are used to enrich the
    soil fertility.
    What is antibiotic?

    Antimicrobial agents which are useful medicines


    or drugs and are extracted from the
    microorganisms are called antibiotics. Bacteria,
    Fungi are used to make antibiotics, vaccines, etc.
    Alexander Fleming of Britain
    In 1928 discovered the
    Wonder
    Drug Penicillin.
    Role of Micro- Organisms in
    Agriculture:Bacteria convert complex
    proteins in the dead bodies of plants and animals
    into ammonia, nitrites and nitrates.
    The following bacteria are involved in enriching
    soil fertility:
    Ammonifying bacteria:- e.g., Bacillus ramosus
    Nitrifying bacteria:- e.g.,Nitrobacter
    Nitrosommonas.
    Nitrogen-fixing bacteria:- e.g., Azatobactor,
    Clostridium, Rhizobium(Root nodules bacteria).
    Various blue green algae like Oscillatoria,
    Anabaena and Nostoc increase the soil fertility by

    fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

    Root Nodule
    Role of microorganisms in industry and daily
    living:1.Curing of tea/Coffee: The leaves of tea,
    tobacco, the beans of coffee and cocoa are
    fermented by the activity of Bacillus
    megaterium to impart the characteristic
    flavour. This is called curing.
    2. Production of Vinegar: Lactobacillus lactis
    (lactic acid bacteria) converts milk protein
    into curd. Vinegar is manufactured from
    sugar solution employing Acetobacter aceti
    by the fermentation process.
    3.Production of Alcohol: Butyl alcohol, methyl
    alcohols are prepared from molasses by the
    fermentation activity of Clostridium
    acetobutylicum. Alginic acid is obtained from
    brown algae.

    4. Production of Oxalic acid: Oxalic acid is the


    fermentation product of fungi Aspergillus
    Niger.
    HARMFUL MICRO-ORGANISMS:Microorganisms cause damage to the plants and
    food materials. They contaminate food, which
    leads to food poisoning. Influence of
    microorganism on plants and
    Animals reduce the market value of their product.
    Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and certain
    worms are the main organisms causing diseases.
    To cause disease, they must first gain entry into
    the body. Such entry must be either through the
    skin or through the nose into the respiratory
    system or through the mouth to the alimentary
    canal.The method of carrying these disease
    organisms to the body is varied. The carriers of
    disease organisms are called vectors.
    Communicable diseases are pathogenic diseases
    which spread from, person to person, either
    directly or indirectly.
    Disease caused by Micro-Organisms in Human
    beings and Animals:Pathogen

    Diseases

    VIRUS

    Common

    Mode of
    Transmission
    Air water, direct

    FUNGI
    BACTERIA
    PROTOZOAN

    cold, Polio.
    contact.
    Hepatitis,
    Influenza,
    Jaundice.
    AIDS
    Sexual Contact
    Athletes feet Spores in water
    and in ground.
    Cholera,
    Contaminated
    Typhoid etc. water.
    Malaria
    Vector mosquito

    Disease caused by Micro Oraganisms on


    plants:Micro-Organisms
    BACTERIA

    FUNGI

    VIRUS

    Diseases
    Citrus Canker
    Wilt of Potato
    Bacterial blight in Rice
    Tikka disease of
    groundnut
    Blast disease of rice
    Bunchy top of Banana
    Tobacco Mosaic disease
    Cucumber Mosaic
    disease.

    Citrus Canker
    Cucumber Mosaic
    MICROBES IN FOOD PRESERVATION:Food preservation is the process of handling food
    to stop or greatly slow down the spoilage caused
    or accelerated by micro -organisms. Canning,
    Pasteurization, refrigeration, dehydration, the use
    of preservatives, heating, boiling and drying are
    the effective methods of controlling
    microorganisms.
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROAB AND MAN:1. Social Biology:- Social biology is the study of
    how man lives with other men, with animals and
    plants and how he affects each of these.
    2. The role of microbes in genetic engineering:Gene transfer by virus and bacteria. Viruses are
    useful in genetic engineering. Their ability to
    move genetic information from one cell to
    another makes them useful for cloning DNA and
    could provide a way to deliver gene therapy
    (transformation).

    3. Bacteria and nature:- Saprophytic bacteria


    and fungi cause decay and decomposition of
    dead bodies of plants and animals. They release
    gases and salts to the atmosphere and soil.
    Hence, the microorganisms like bacteria and
    fungi are known as Natures scavengers.
    4. Algal bloom:- Under certain conditions,
    algae produce blooms i.e. dense masses of
    materials that cover the water surface, thereby
    decrease the oxygen content of water. This is
    followed by the death of aquatic organisms. Algal
    bloom leads to loss of species diversity which is
    known as Eutrophication. Algae bloom in a lake:-

    5. Pathology is a science which deals with


    diseases of plants, animals and human beings
    caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi.
    Man and microbes are in the biosphere. Mans
    interference with nature has caused imbalance in
    the biosphere. Man has to bring certain healthy
    changes in the field of agriculture and in industry
    in order to make a better habitat for his happy

    living with micro -organisms. Let us start to


    create an eco-friendly nature for our better
    future.
    Earth provides enough to satisfy everymans
    need,
    but not every mans greed.- MAHATMA GANDHI.

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