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    Green Function

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    SupriyoNaskar
    Green function in solid-state physics is a mathematical tool used to solve quantum systems like the Hubbard model. A Green function represents the phase accumulated by particles as they move and can be used to describe physical properties like self-energy. Diagrammatic approaches allow calculating the Green function by summing single-particle and two-particle diagrams represented by bare Green functions and interaction lines. Self-consistent calculations are needed to approximate the Green function and self-energy in order to solve models of real materials.

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    Green Function

    Uploaded by

    SupriyoNaskar
    131 views27 pages
    Green function in solid-state physics is a mathematical tool used to solve quantum systems like the Hubbard model. A Green function represents the phase accumulated by particles as they move and can be used to describe physical properties like self-energy. Diagrammatic approaches allow calculating the Green function by summing single-particle and two-particle diagrams represented by bare Green functions and interaction lines. Self-consistent calculations are needed to approximate the Green function and self-energy in order to solve models of real materials.

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    Green function in solid-state physics is a mathematical tool used to solve quantum systems like the Hubbard model. A Green function represents the phase accumulated by particles as they move and can be used to describe physical properties like self-energy. Diagrammatic approaches allow calculating the Green function by summing single-particle and two-particle diagrams represented by bare Green functions and interaction lines. Self-consistent calculations are needed to approximate the Green function and self-energy in order to solve models of real materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    131 views27 pages

    Green Function

    Uploaded by

    SupriyoNaskar
    Green function in solid-state physics is a mathematical tool used to solve quantum systems like the Hubbard model. A Green function represents the phase accumulated by particles as they move and can be used to describe physical properties like self-energy. Diagrammatic approaches allow calculating the Green function by summing single-particle and two-particle diagrams represented by bare Green functions and interaction lines. Self-consistent calculations are needed to approximate the Green function and self-energy in order to solve models of real materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Green function in solid-state physics

    GPU meeting

    Shuxiang Yang
    October 25, 2012

    Outline

    Introduction

    Green function

    Definition (mathematical and physical)

    Properties

    Diagrammatic approach to calculate G

    Single-particle level

    Two-particle level

    Conclusion
    2

    Introduction

    Introduction

    Physics research
    Materials

    Physics experiments
    Modeling
    Theoretical & numerical analysis

    Sovle model
    Interpret results
    4

    Modeling

    (Zhang and Rice, PRB 1988,


    P.W. Anderson)

    Models: Ising model, Heisenberg model, Hubbard model, etc.

    2-D Hubbard model (quantum system model)


    Simplest model able to capture the low energy physics of cuprates
    5

    Solve the model

    We need to solve the Schrodinger equation


    for quantum system
    Equation of motion

    Note that the hamiltonian is time-independent, we can


    separate the two variables as

    Then we just need to solve a simpler equation

    Solve the model

    How to solve this equation

    operator??

    scalar

    vector

    It can be represented as a matrix if a basis is chosen

    Four possible configurations per-site


    (occupation number representation)

    Number of configurations: 4^Nc


    7

    Solve the model

    Eigen-value and-vector problem

    matrix

    scalar

    vector

    Wave-function based

    H: linear dimension: 4^Nc

    Nc: number of sites (atoms), 10^23 for real materials

    This puts a severe constraint on the solving of this equation


    both in computational time and in memory
    e.g. Nc=16, memory requirement for
    wave function vector:16GB; Hamiltonian matrix: 7x1010GB !

    We need a smarter way of solving this model

    Outline

    Introduction

    Green function

    Definition (mathematical and physical)

    Properties

    Diagrammatic approach to calculate G

    Single-particle level

    Two-particle level

    Conclusion
    9

    Green function in mathematics


    Named after the British mathematical physicist George Green.

    Inhomogeneous differential equation


    Linear differential operator

    examples:

    Green function is defined as

    George Green
    (07/14/1793~03/31/1841)

    10

    Green function in mathematics

    Once the Green function is calculated,


    the solution of equation
    is
    This can be checked by applying L on both sides and
    using the definition of G

    11

    Green function in physics

    We only need the following replacement


    Green function in physics is defined as (frequency space)

    solution:

    for the time space, it is

    12

    Green function in physics

    Formal definition in physics

    Operator in the Heisenberg representation

    Measurement

    Other names
    propagator, correlation function

    13

    Physical meaning of Green function


    Represents the phase accumulated when particles move

    Green function

    Self-energy

    long-ranged
    Short-ranged

    Related by Dyson eq
    14

    Different Green functions

    Real time/frequency vs imaginary time/frequency

    Real space vs momentum space

    Single-particle vs two-particle

    Homogeneous vs inhomogeneous system

    ...

    15

    Examples of Green function

    Bare (non-interacting) Green function

    Dressed (interacting) Green function

    self-energy

    16

    Outline

    Introduction

    Green function

    Definition (mathematical and physical)

    Properties

    Diagrammatic approach to calculate G

    Single-particle level

    Two-particle level

    Conclusion
    17

    Dyson equation

    other forms:

    Dyson equation

    Taylor expansion

    18

    Diagrammatic representation

    Dyson equation
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (1)

    (2)

    (3)

    19

    Diagrammatic representation

    Two elements:

    Bare Green function


    Contains frequency and dispersion information

    Interaction:

    20

    contains Coulomb interaction effect

    Green function diagram examples

    Question: how to generate and sum these diagrams efficiently?

    21

    Self-consistent calculation
    Approximation on
    Green function
    Approximation on
    self-energy

    Self-consistent
    calculation

    22

    Two-Particle Quantities

    Scattering Process and Vertex

    23

    Parquet Formalism

    1-particle formalism + 2-particle formalism

    Vector: G, T,

    Rank-3 Tensor: , F, ,
    24

    Hierarchy of Approximate Methods

    HPC
    needed
    25

    Conclusion

    Green function

    Phase accumulated when particles move

    A language to describe and a tool to solve physical system

    Diagrammatic approach to sum up diagrams

    Single-particle level

    Two-particle level

    26

    Thank you!
    Questions??

    27

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