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Fig. P. 5.15.20: DM Signal Part II: Maximum Frequency: Given

This document discusses pulse code modulation and delta modulation. It includes: 1. Details on a delta modulation system operating at 3 times the Nyquist rate, including calculating the maximum amplitude of a 1 kHz input sinusoid without slope overload. 2. An example of an audio signal being pulse code modulated with a sampling rate of 8 kHz and signal-to-quantization noise ratio of 40 dB, calculating the minimum number of quantization levels and bits per sample needed. 3. A diagram showing the output of a delta modulator processing a 1V, 10 kHz sine wave input over one cycle, and calculating the maximum input frequency of 1V before slope overload distortion occurs, which is 4074.36 Hz

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47 views

Fig. P. 5.15.20: DM Signal Part II: Maximum Frequency: Given

This document discusses pulse code modulation and delta modulation. It includes: 1. Details on a delta modulation system operating at 3 times the Nyquist rate, including calculating the maximum amplitude of a 1 kHz input sinusoid without slope overload. 2. An example of an audio signal being pulse code modulated with a sampling rate of 8 kHz and signal-to-quantization noise ratio of 40 dB, calculating the minimum number of quantization levels and bits per sample needed. 3. A diagram showing the output of a delta modulator processing a 1V, 10 kHz sine wave input over one cycle, and calculating the maximum input frequency of 1V before slope overload distortion occurs, which is 4074.36 Hz

Uploaded by

S Ahson AS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Communication (GTU)

5-1

Pulse Code Modulation

Fig. P. 5.15.20 : DM signal


Part II : Maximum frequency :
Given :
A = 1V, fm = 10 kHz,
fs = 1/Ts = 1/10 s = 100 kHz. = 265 mV.
The condition for avoiding the slope overload is
A >
1 =

n = 25.6 103 rad /sec.


fmax = 4074.36 Hz

...Ans.

This is the maximum input frequency without introducing any slope overload distortion.

2.

Number of quantization levels Q = 65,536


we know that Q = 2N
2N = 65,536
N = 16 bits.

...Ans.

Number of bits to encode each sample is N = 16.


3.
Number of bits per second
= Number of samples/sec. Number of bits/sample
= 15 103 16 = 240 k bits/sec.
Practical sampling rate fs = 44.1 kHz
Number of bits per second = 44.1 16 103 = 705.6k bits/sec.

4.

...Ans.

Transmission bandwidth B = = = 352.8 kHz. ...Ans.


Ex. 5.15.18 :

A Delta Modulator system operates at 3 times Nyquist rate for signal with 3.3 kHz
bandwidth. The quantisation step is 250 mV. Determine the maximum amplitude of a 1
kHz input sinusoid for which the DM does not show slope overload.

Soln. :
Given :
1.

W = 3.3 kHz, fm = 1 kHz, = 250 mV, fs = 3 2W = 19.8 kHz.

Let the maximum amplitude of 1 kHz input sinusoid be A.


The condition to avoid the slope overload is
A
Maximum value of A = =
Substituting the values we get,
Amax =

.Page No. 5-62.

Digital Communication (GTU)

5-2

Pulse Code Modulation

Amax = 0.787
Ex. 5.15.19 :

An audio signal with highest frequency component 3300 Hz is pulse code modulated with
a sampling rate of 8000 samples/sec. The required signal-to-quantisation noise ratio is
40 dB.
1.

What is the minimum number of uniform quantising levels needed ?

2.

What is the minimum number of bits per sample needed ?

3.

Calculate the minimum number of bits per sample needed ?

Soln. :
Given : fs = 8000 samples/sec. , fm = 3300 Hz.
1.

= 40 dB

To calculate Q and N :
Assuming the input signal to be non sinusoidal we write
S/N = (4.8 + 6 N) dB
40 = 4.8 + 6N

N = 5.86 6
Thus the number of bits per word is 6.
Q = 2N = 26 = 64
Thus the number of quantization level is 64.

2.

.Page No. 5-62.

...Ans.
...Ans.

The signaling rate (r) :


r = N fs = 6 8 103 = 48 kbits/sec.

3.

Transmission bandwidth :
Minimum BW,

Ex. 5.15.20 :

BT = r = 24 kHz.

Delta modulator (DM) gives output pulses + p (t) of p (t). The output of DM is + p (t)
when instantaneous sample is larger than previous sample value and is p(t) when
instantaneous sample is smaller than previous sample value (last sample). The p(t) has
2 microsecond duration and 628 mV amplitude and repeats every 10 microsecond. Plot
the input and output of DM on graph paper one below other to same scale if the input to
DM is 1 Volt sine wave of frequency 10 kHz for one cycle of input wave. What is the
maximum frequency with 1 Volt amplitude that can be used in this system without slope
overload distortion.

Soln.
Part I : To plot the DM signal
The D. M. Signal is as shown in Fig. P. 5.15.20.

.Page No. 5-62.

Digital Communication (GTU)

5-3

Pulse Code Modulation

Fig. P. 5.15.20 : DM signal


Part II : Maximum frequency :
Given :
A = 1V, fm = 10 kHz,
fs = 1/Ts = 1/10 s = 100 kHz. = 265 mV.
The condition for avoiding the slope overload is
A >
1 =

n = 25.6 103 rad /sec.


fmax = 4074.36 Hz

...Ans.

This is the maximum input frequency without introducing any slope overload distortion.

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