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    EOCQ Ans 21

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    This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from a Cambridge International A Level Physics textbook. There are multiple multi-part questions answered over many topics including energy, heat, temperature, phase changes, and thermodynamics. The answers provide detailed explanations and working.

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    EOCQ Ans 21

    Uploaded by

    harshanauoc
    136 views2 pages
    This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from a Cambridge International A Level Physics textbook. There are multiple multi-part questions answered over many topics including energy, heat, temperature, phase changes, and thermodynamics. The answers provide detailed explanations and working.

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    This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from a Cambridge International A Level Physics textbook. There are multiple multi-part questions answered over many topics including energy, heat, temperature, phase changes, and thermodynamics. The answers provide detailed explanations and working.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    136 views2 pages

    EOCQ Ans 21

    Uploaded by

    harshanauoc
    This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from a Cambridge International A Level Physics textbook. There are multiple multi-part questions answered over many topics including energy, heat, temperature, phase changes, and thermodynamics. The answers provide detailed explanations and working.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Cambridge International A Level Physics

    Answers to end-of-chapter questions

    Answers to EOC questions


    Chapter 21

    5 Substance

    1 a
    Kinetic energy remains constant, potential
    energy increases, internal energy increases.
    [3]
    b Kinetic energy increases, potential energy
    remains constant, internal energy increases.
    [3]
    2 Just before the stone hits the ground, it has
    kinetic energy. All the molecules are moving
    together in the same direction.
    [1]
    When it hits the ground, this unidirectional
    movement of the molecules is converted into
    movement of individual molecules in random
    directions.[1]
    The kinetic energy for movement in random
    directions is internal energy, and hence the
    temperature rises.
    [1]
    3 The air is being compressed, so work is being
    done on it. 
    [1]
    From the first law of thermodynamics, the
    change in internal energy of a body is equal
    to the energy supplied by heating plus the
    energy supplied by doing work. 
    [1]
    In this case there is no energy supplied by
    heating but work is done in compressing the
    air.[1]
    4 If two bodies are at the same temperature,
    no energy flows from one body to another.
    Therefore, if no energy flows from A to B and
    none flows from B to C, but energy flowed
    from C to B, it would mean that A and B were
    at the same temperature, and A and C are at
    the same temperature, but C is hotter than B.
    This is clearly a nonsense! We can see how
    fundamental this law is, and why it is called
    the zeroth law.
    [2]

    Melting point
    C

    Boiling point
    C

    oxygen

    223

    50

    183

    90

    hydrogen

    259

    14

    253

    20

    lead

    327

    600

    1750

    2023

    mercury

    39

    234

    357

    630

    6 a
    no temperature difference, so 0V
    [1]
    10049
    b temperature = 63 [1]

    = 77.8 78C
    [1]
    c i voltage = 63327
    [1]
    100 V

    = 206V
    [1]
    ii That the variation between temperature
    difference and induced e.m.f. in the
    thermocouple remains linear beyond
    100C
    [1]
    7 a
    Liquid in glass easy to use, quick, and great
    precision is not required.
    [2]
    b Thermocouple the smallness of the
    thermocouple means that the temperature
    can be measured at specific points on the
    cylinder head.
    [2]
    c Thermocouple or thermistor the operator
    can be remote from the device; she does not
    have to be inside the reactor vessel itself. [2]
    8 a
    energy supplied = mc = 41800.30080 [1]
    = 100320J
    [1]
    energy 100320
    time = power = 500 [1]
    = 201s
    [1]
    No energy is needed to heat the element or
    the kettle.
    [1]
    b energy supplied = power time
    = 500120 = 60000J
    [1]
    energy

    mass of water boiled away = s.l.h.


    60000
    =
    6 = 0.027kg
    2.2610

    [1]

    mass remaining = 30027 = 273 270g [1]


    No energy is lost to the surroundings; all the
    vapour escapes from the kettle.
    [1]

    Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

    Cambridge International A Level Physics

    9 a
    The energy required to raise the temperature
    of unit mass of a substance
    [1]
    by one degree Celsius.
    [1]
    b i Small heat capacity
    [1]
    Quick acting
    [1]
    ii To allow for energy losses to the
    surroundings[1] 11

    Comment about the same temperature
    rise therefore same energy losses or
    similar comment
    [1]
    iii Energy input = 40190 = 7600J
    (or 60114=6840J)
    [1]
    Experiment 1:
    energy input = mc + energy losses

    = 0.85c18+Q1
    7600 = 15.3c+Q1 (1)
    Experiment 2:
    energy input = mc + energy losses

    = 0.85c18+Q2
    6840 = 15.3c+Q2 (2)

    Attempted use of either equation
    [1] 12
    Energy loss in experiment 2 (Q2)
    = ( 114
    190 ) energy loss in experiment 1 (Q1)
    Q2 = 0.6Q1 (3)
    [1]
    Subtracting equations (1) and (2):
    76006840 = Q1Q2
    Substituting equation (3) into this:
    76006840 = Q10.6Q1
    Q1 = 1900J
    [1]
    Substituting for Q1 in equation (1):
    7600 = 15.3c+1900
    c = 372Jkg1C1[1]
    10


    a The carbon dioxide expands, doing work
    against the atmosphere.
    [1]
    It gives up internal energy to do this work. [1]
    Link to supplying latent heat
    [1]
    b Energy required to change state of unit mass
    (from solid to vapour)
    [1]
    without change in temperature
    [1]
    c i So allowance for energy gains from the
    atmosphere can be made
    [1]
    ii Use of E = ml
    [1]
    m = mass decrease with heater on minus
    mass decrease with heater off
    [1]
    m = 20.9g

    Answers to end-of-chapter questions

    d Total work done / energy required


    = work done in separating molecules /
    breaking bonds from solid state (to liquid
    state)[1]
    plus work done in further separating the
    molecules to gaseous state.
    [1]

    a Energy goes to potential energy of the
    molecules[1]
    as they are moved further apart (accept
    bonds broken)
    [1]
    b To reduce the energy gained from the
    surroundings[1]
    c Energy input = 40260 (= 4800J)
    [1]
    Use of E = ml
    [1]
    m = mass decrease with heater on minus half
    mass decrease with heater off
    [1]
    m = 23.8g
    1
    l = 4800
    23.8 = 202Jg [1]


    a i Sum of the kinetic energy
    [1]
    and potential energy of the molecules. [1]
    ii Temperature at which energy cannot be
    removed from molecules
    [1]
    Answer makes clear that the molecules still
    have (potential) energy.
    [1]
    (Give [1] maximum for: all energy removed
    from molecules.)
    b i Mass per second = Av
    =10004.81051.2 [1]
    = 0.058kg
    [1]
    9000
    ii E = mc leading to = 0.0584200 
    [1]
    = 37C
    [1]
    Final temperature of the water
    = 37+15 = 52C
    [1]
    iii The heater is 100% efficient.
    [1]
    iv Decrease the rate of flow of water
    [1]

    1
    l = 12000
    20.9 = 574Jg [1]

    Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

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