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Tutorial 1

This document contains 16 problems about linear algebra concepts like systems of linear equations, matrices, and their properties. It covers interpreting the solutions geometrically for systems with 2 or 3 variables, finding values to illustrate unique/infinite/no solutions. It also covers matrix operations like addition, multiplication, inverses, ranks and writing as products of elementary matrices. Solving systems of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear equations using row reduction is demonstrated. Conditions for unique solutions and parameter values for non-unique solutions are explored.

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119 views

Tutorial 1

This document contains 16 problems about linear algebra concepts like systems of linear equations, matrices, and their properties. It covers interpreting the solutions geometrically for systems with 2 or 3 variables, finding values to illustrate unique/infinite/no solutions. It also covers matrix operations like addition, multiplication, inverses, ranks and writing as products of elementary matrices. Solving systems of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear equations using row reduction is demonstrated. Conditions for unique solutions and parameter values for non-unique solutions are explored.

Uploaded by

abhinav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTL101:: Tutorial 1 :: Linear Algebra

(1) Suppose we have a system of three linear equations in real coefficients and in two unknowns:
a1 x + b 1 y = c 1
a2 x + b 2 y = c 2
a3 x + b 3 y = c 3
Interpret geometrically the following statements:
(a) the system has no solutions.
(b) the system has a unique solution.
(c) the system has an infinitely many solutions.
Further, provide values to ai , bi , ci R (i = 1, 2, 3) so that the above statements hold.
(2) Suppose we have a system of three linear equations in real coefficients and in three unknowns:
a1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = d 1
a2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z = d 2
a3 x + b 3 y + c 3 z = d 3
Interpret geometrically the following statements:
(a) the system has no solutions.
(b) the system has a unique solution.
(c) the system has an infinitely many solutions.
Further, provide values to ai , bi , ci , di (i = 1, 2, 3) so that the above statements hold.
(3) Suppose we have a system of three linear equations in two unknowns:
a1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = d 1
a2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z = d 2
Can this system have a unique solution? Interpret geometrically the following statements:
(a) the system has no solutions.
(b) the system has an infinitely many solutions.
Further, provide values to ai , bi , ci , di (i = 1, 2) so that the above statements hold.
(4) Suppose we have a system of linear equations in complex coefficients. Can we interpret the
statements in question 1, 2 and 3 exactly in the same way? Solve the following system of
equations (for finding x, y in C ):
(1 i)x + (1 + i)y = 2 + 3i
(1 + i)x + (1 i)y = 3 i

(5) Suppose the lines L1 and L2 are defined by x1


= y2
= z3
and x2
= y3
= z1
. Show
1
2
3
1
2
3
that L1 L2 is empty. Write a system of four linear equations in three unknowns in standard
form which has no solutions using the fact that L1 L2 is empty.
(6) Suppose A, B are square matrices of same size. Prove the following statements
(a) tr(A + B) = tr(A) + tr(B) and tr(AB) = tr(BA).
(b) det(AB) = det(A) det(B) (assume A and B are 22 matrices) and in particular, det(AB) =
det(BA).
(c) det(A + B) = det(A) + det(B) is false.
(7) Which of the following matrices are row reduced echelon matrix. Give a reason when the matrix is not row reduced echelon.

1 0 5
1 0 5
0 1 2
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 2 3 , 0 1 3 , 1 0 4 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 1.
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
(8)
(9)
(10)

Find row reduce echelon matrix row equivalent to the matrices in the previous question.
Show that every elementary matrix is invertible and the inverse is an elementary matrix.
Compute the
rank
matrices. Determine
which are invertible.

of the following

1
1 2
1
2 4
1 3 4
2

3 8 , 1 1 5 , 1 5 1.
3 1 2
2
7 3
3 13 6

(11) Find inverse of the invertible matrices in the previous question by reducing the matrix to row
reduced echelon form (identity matrix).
(12) Write the following matrices as the product of elementary matrices (whenever possible):


 1 2 3
1
1 2
1 3
3 8 .
, 0 1 4, 2
2 4
0 0 1
3 1 2
(13) Solve the following system of homogeneous linear equations by reducing the coefficient matrix
into row reduced echelon form:
a) 2x1 + 4x2 5x3 + 3x4 = 0, 3x1 + 6x2 7x3 + 4x4 = 0, 5x1 + 10x2 11x3 + 6x4 = 0
b) x 2y 3z = 0, 2x + y + 3z = 0, 3x 4y 2z = 0,
c) x1 +2x2 +3x3 2x4 +4x5 = 0, 2x1 +4x2 +8x3 +x4 +9x5 = 0, 3x1 +6x2 +13x3 +4x4 +14x5 = 0.
(14) Solve the following systems of equations by reducing the augmented matrix to the row reduced
echelon form:
a) x1 x2 + 2x3 = 1, 2x1 + 2x3 = 1, x1 3x2 + 4x3 = 2,
b) x1 + 7x2 + x3 = 4, x1 2x2 + x3 = 0, 4x1 + 5x2 + 9x3 = 9,
c) x2 + 5x3 = 4, x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 = 2, 2x1 + 7x2 + x3 = 1,
d) 2x1 3x2 + 4x3 = 5, x2 x3 = 4, x1 + 3x2 x3 = 2.
(15) Consider the following system of equations:
x + 2y + z = 3, ay + 5z = 10, 2x + 7y + az = b.
a) Find all values of a for which the following system of equations has a unique solution.
b) Find all pairs (a, b) for which the system has more than one solution.

1 2 3
a
x1

x2 = b .
(16) Find a, b, c, p, q R such that the following system has a solution: 0 1 p
0 0 q
x3
c

::END::

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