C# Programming Purvis Samsoodeen

listing 1
// Read a character from the keyboard.

using System;

class KbIn {
static void Main() {
char ch;

Console.Write("Press a key followed by ENTER: ");

// Read a key from the keyboard.

ch = (char) Console.Read();

Console.WriteLine("Your key is: " + ch);

}
}

listing 2
// Guess the letter game.

using System;

class Guess {
static void Main() {
char ch, answer = 'K';

Console.WriteLine("I'm thinking of a letter between A and Z.");

Console.Write("Can you guess it: ");

ch = (char) Console.Read(); // get the user's guess

if(ch == answer) Console.WriteLine("** Right **");

}
}

listing 3
// Guess the letter game, 2nd version.

using System;

class Guess2 {
static void Main() {
char ch, answer = 'K';

Console.WriteLine("I'm thinking of a letter between A and Z.");

Console.Write("Can you guess it: ");

ch = (char) Console.Read(); // get the user's guess

if(ch == answer) Console.WriteLine("** Right **");

else Console.WriteLine("...Sorry, you're wrong.");
}

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C# Programming Purvis Samsoodeen

listing 4
// Guess the letter game, 3rd version.

using System;

class Guess3 {
static void Main() {
char ch, answer = 'K';

Console.WriteLine("I'm thinking of a letter between A and Z.");

Console.Write("Can you guess it: ");

ch = (char) Console.Read(); // get the user's guess

if(ch == answer) Console.WriteLine("** Right **");

else {
Console.Write("...Sorry, you're ");

// A nested if.
if(ch < answer) Console.WriteLine("too low");
else Console.WriteLine("too high");
}
}
}

listing 5
// Demonstrate an if-else-if ladder.

using System;

class Ladder {
static void Main() {
int x;

for(x=0; x<6; x++) {

if(x==1)
Console.WriteLine("x is one");
else if(x==2)
Console.WriteLine("x is two");
else if(x==3)
Console.WriteLine("x is three");
else if(x==4)
Console.WriteLine("x is four");
else
Console.WriteLine("x is not between 1 and 4");
}
}
}

listing 6
// Demonstrate the switch.

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C# Programming Purvis Samsoodeen

using System;

class SwitchDemo {
static void Main() {
int i;

for(i=0; i < 10; i++)

switch(i) {
case 0:
Console.WriteLine("i is zero");
break;
case 1:
Console.WriteLine("i is one");
break;
case 2:
Console.WriteLine("i is two");
break;
case 3:
Console.WriteLine("i is three");
break;
case 4:
Console.WriteLine("i is four");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("i is five or more");
break;
}

}
}

listing 7
// Use a char to control the switch.

using System;

class SwitchDemo2 {
static void Main() {
char ch;

for(ch='A'; ch <= 'E'; ch++)

switch(ch) {
case 'A':
Console.WriteLine("ch is A");
break;
case 'B':
Console.WriteLine("ch is B");
break;
case 'C':
Console.WriteLine("ch is C");
break;
case 'D':
Console.WriteLine("ch is D");
break;

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case 'E':
Console.WriteLine("ch is E");
break;
}
}
}

listing 8
// Categorize lowercase letters into vowels and consonants.

using System;

class VowelsAndConsonants {
static void Main() {
char ch;

Console.Write("Enter a letter: ");

ch = (char) Console.Read();
switch(ch) {
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
case 'y':
Console.WriteLine("Letter is a vowel.");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Letter is a consonant.");
break;
}
}
}

listing 9
// A simple help system.

using System;

class Help {
static void Main() {
char choice;

Console.WriteLine("Help on:");
Console.WriteLine(" 1. if");
Console.WriteLine(" 2. switch");
Console.Write("Choose one: ");
choice = (char) Console.Read();

Console.WriteLine("\n");

switch(choice) {
case '1':
Console.WriteLine("The if:\n");

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Console.WriteLine("if(condition) statement;");
Console.WriteLine("else statement;");
break;
case '2':
Console.WriteLine("The switch:\n");
Console.WriteLine("switch(expression) {");
Console.WriteLine(" case constant:");
Console.WriteLine(" statement sequence");
Console.WriteLine(" break;");
Console.WriteLine(" // ...");
Console.WriteLine("}");
break;
default:
Console.Write("Selection not found.");
break;
}
}
}

listing 10
// Show square roots of 1 to 99 and the rounding error.

using System;

class SqrRoot {
static void Main() {
double num, sroot, rerr;

for(num = 1.0; num < 100.0; num++) {

sroot = Math.Sqrt(num);
Console.WriteLine("Square root of " + num +
" is " + sroot);

// Compute rounding error.

rerr = num - (sroot * sroot);
Console.WriteLine("Rounding error is " + rerr);
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}

listing 11
// Use commas in a for statement.

using System;

class Comma {
static void Main() {
int i, j;

for(i=0, j=10; i < j; i++, j--)

Console.WriteLine("i and j: " + i + " " + j);
}
}

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listing 12
// Loop until an S is typed.

using System;

class ForTest {
static void Main() {
int i;

Console.WriteLine("Press S to stop.");

for(i = 0; (char) Console.Read() != 'S'; i++)

Console.WriteLine("Pass #" + i);
}
}

listing 13
// Parts of the for can be empty.

using System;

class Empty {
static void Main() {
int i;

for(i = 0; i < 10; ) {

Console.WriteLine("Pass #" + i);
i++; // increment loop control variable
}
}
}

listing 14
// Move more out of the for loop.

using System;

class Empty2 {
static void Main() {
int i;

i = 0; // move initialization out of loop

for(; i < 10; ) {
Console.WriteLine("Pass #" + i);
i++; // increment loop control var
}
}
}

listing 15
// The body of a loop can be empty.

using System;

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class Empty3 {
static void Main() {
int i;
int sum = 0;

// Sum the numbers through 5.

for(i = 1; i <= 5; sum += i++) ;

Console.WriteLine("Sum is " + sum);

}
}

listing 16
// Declare loop control variable inside the for.

using System;

class ForVar {
static void Main() {
int sum = 0;
int fact = 1;

// Compute the factorial of the numbers through 5.

for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
sum += i; // i is known throughout the loop
fact *= i;
}

// Here, i is not known.

Console.WriteLine("Sum is " + sum);

Console.WriteLine("Factorial is " + fact);
}
}

listing 17
// Demonstrate the while loop.

using System;

class WhileDemo {
static void Main() {
char ch;

// Print the alphabet using a while loop.

ch = 'a';
while(ch <= 'z') {
Console.Write(ch);
ch++;
}
}
}

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listing 18
// Compute integer powers of 2.

using System;

class Power {
static void Main() {
int e;
int result;

for(int i=0; i < 10; i++) {

result = 1;
e = i;
while(e > 0) {
result *= 2;
e--;
}

Console.WriteLine("2 to the " + i +

" power is " + result);
}
}
}

listing 19
// Demonstrate the do-while loop.

using System;

class DWDemo {
static void Main() {
char ch;

do {
Console.Write("Press a key following by ENTER: ");
ch = (char) Console.Read(); // read a keypress
} while(ch != 'q');
}
}

listing 20
// Guess the letter game, 4th version.

using System;

class Guess4 {
static void Main() {
char ch, answer = 'K';

do {
Console.WriteLine("I'm thinking of a letter between A and Z.");
Console.Write("Can you guess it: ");

// Read a letter, but skip cr/lf.

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do {
ch = (char) Console.Read();
} while(ch == '\n' | ch == '\r');

if(ch == answer) Console.WriteLine("** Right **");

else {
Console.Write("...Sorry, you're ");
if(ch < answer) Console.WriteLine("too low");
else Console.WriteLine("too high");
Console.WriteLine("Try again!\n");
}
} while(answer != ch);
}
}

listing 21
/*
An improved Help system that uses a
a do-while to process a menu selection.
*/

using System;

class Help2 {
static void Main() {
char choice;

do {
Console.WriteLine("Help on:");
Console.WriteLine(" 1. if");
Console.WriteLine(" 2. switch");
Console.WriteLine(" 3. for");
Console.WriteLine(" 4. while");
Console.WriteLine(" 5. do-while\n");
Console.Write("Choose one: ");
do {
choice = (char) Console.Read();
} while(choice == '\n' | choice == '\r');
} while( choice < '1' | choice > '5');

Console.WriteLine("\n");

switch(choice) {
case '1':
Console.WriteLine("The if:\n");
Console.WriteLine("if(condition) statement;");
Console.WriteLine("else statement;");
break;
case '2':
Console.WriteLine("The switch:\n");
Console.WriteLine("switch(expression) {");
Console.WriteLine(" case constant:");
Console.WriteLine(" statement sequence");
Console.WriteLine(" break;");

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Console.WriteLine(" // ...");
Console.WriteLine("}");
break;
case '3':
Console.WriteLine("The for:\n");
Console.Write("for(init; condition; iteration)");
Console.WriteLine(" statement;");
break;
case '4':
Console.WriteLine("The while:\n");
Console.WriteLine("while(condition) statement;");
break;
case '5':
Console.WriteLine("The do-while:\n");
Console.WriteLine("do {");
Console.WriteLine(" statement;");
Console.WriteLine("} while (condition);");
break;
}
}
}

listing 22
// Using break to exit a loop.

using System;

class BreakDemo {
static void Main() {
int num;

num = 100;

// Loop while i squared is less than num.

for(int i=0; i < num; i++) {

// Terminate loop if i*i >= 100.

if(i*i >= num) break;

Console.Write(i + " ");

}
Console.WriteLine("Loop complete.");
}
}

listing 23
// Read input until a q is received.

using System;

class Break2 {
static void Main() {
char ch;

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for( ; ; ) {
ch = (char) Console.Read();
if(ch == 'q') break;
}
Console.WriteLine("You pressed q!");
}
}

listing 24
// Using break with nested loops.

using System;

class Break3 {
static void Main() {

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

Console.WriteLine("Outer loop count: " + i);
Console.Write(" Inner loop count: ");

int t = 0;
while(t < 100) {
if(t == 10) break;
Console.Write(t + " ");
t++;
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine("Loops complete.");
}
}

listing 25
// Use continue.

using System;

class ContDemo {
static void Main() {
int i;

// Print even number between 0 and 100.

for(i = 0; i<=100; i++) {

// Iterate if i is odd.
if((i%2) != 0) continue;

Console.WriteLine(i);
}
}
}

listing 26
// Demonstrate the goto.

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C# Programming Purvis Samsoodeen

using System;

class Use_goto {
static void Main() {
int i=0, j=0, k=0;

for(i=0; i < 10; i++) {

for(j=0; j < 10; j++ ) {
for(k=0; k < 10; k++) {
Console.WriteLine("i, j, k: " + i + " " + j + " " + k);
if(k == 3) goto stop;
}
}
}

stop:
Console.WriteLine("Stopped! i, j, k: " + i + ", " + j + ", " + k);

}
}

listing 27
/*
The finished C# statement Help system
that processes multiple requests.
*/

using System;

class Help3 {
static void Main() {
char choice;

for(;;) {
do {
Console.WriteLine("Help on:");
Console.WriteLine(" 1. if");
Console.WriteLine(" 2. switch");
Console.WriteLine(" 3. for");
Console.WriteLine(" 4. while");
Console.WriteLine(" 5. do-while");
Console.WriteLine(" 6. break");
Console.WriteLine(" 7. continue");
Console.WriteLine(" 8. goto\n");
Console.Write("Choose one (q to quit): ");
do {
choice = (char) Console.Read();
} while(choice == '\n' | choice == '\r');
} while( choice < '1' | choice > '8' & choice != 'q');

if(choice == 'q') break;

Console.WriteLine("\n");

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switch(choice) {
case '1':
Console.WriteLine("The if:\n");
Console.WriteLine("if(condition) statement;");
Console.WriteLine("else statement;");
break;
case '2':
Console.WriteLine("The switch:\n");
Console.WriteLine("switch(expression) {");
Console.WriteLine(" case constant:");
Console.WriteLine(" statement sequence");
Console.WriteLine(" break;");
Console.WriteLine(" // ...");
Console.WriteLine("}");
break;
case '3':
Console.WriteLine("The for:\n");
Console.Write("for(init; condition; iteration)");
Console.WriteLine(" statement;");
break;
case '4':
Console.WriteLine("The while:\n");
Console.WriteLine("while(condition) statement;");
break;
case '5':
Console.WriteLine("The do-while:\n");
Console.WriteLine("do {");
Console.WriteLine(" statement;");
Console.WriteLine("} while (condition);");
break;
case '6':
Console.WriteLine("The break:\n");
Console.WriteLine("break;");
break;
case '7':
Console.WriteLine("The continue:\n");
Console.WriteLine("continue;");
break;
case '8':
Console.WriteLine("The goto:\n");
Console.WriteLine("goto label;");
break;
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}

listing 28
// Use nested loops to find factors of numbers between 2 and 100.

using System;

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class FindFac {
static void Main() {

for(int i=2; i <= 100; i++) {

Console.Write("Factors of " + i + ": ");
for(int j = 2; j <= i/2; j++)
if((i%j) == 0) Console.Write(j + " ");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}

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