The Childrens Bequest 2010

T h e
A r t
o f
T a j w e e d
10 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension

Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
www.studentofislam.com
2010
The Childrens Bequest
LESSON ONE:
INTRODUCTION
HOW
TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION
A Story
A Place
One Book
One Man
A Statement
A Team
A Divine Chain
An Invitation
al-Tirmidh 2985
INTRODUCTION
THE COURSE:
A comprehensive review of the rules of Tajweed
according to the Reading of af based upon the text
Tuhfah al-Afl by Sulaymn al-Jamzr.
Theory
The Formal Rules

of Tajweed
History
Biographies of the
Imms of Recitation
Practice
Iqr
Advanced Topic

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
PREREQUISITES
Ability to read Arabic script
Basic knowledge of Tajweed
WHAT YOU NEED FOR

THIS CLASS
Writing material
Mushaf (preferably Madinan
edition)
Voice Recorder (optional)
POSITIVE ATTITUDE
Benefits of
the Class
INTRODUCTION
Will help you establish a relationship with Allahs Book

Will help you understand Allahs Book.
Will improve your pronunciation and recitation of the Quran.
Will deepen your appreciation of the beauty and majesty of
the Quran.
Will help you live a purpose-driven and organized life.

Will help you appreciate real reciters versus popular ones
Course Outline
INTRODUCTION
Lesson 1: Introduction/Terminology, Mistakes in

Tajweed
Lesson 2: How to Begin (Rules of Istiadhah and
Basmala)
Lesson 3: Rules of Nun Sakin/Tanwin, Nun/Meem
Mushaddad
Lesson 4: Rules of Meem Sakin, Rules of Lam
Lesson 5: The Makharij
Lesson 6: The Sifaat
Lesson 7: Rules of Ra
Lesson 8: The Rules of Assimilation
Lesson 9: The Rules of Madd
Terminology
Tarteel
INTRODUCTION
Surah al-Muzammil 4
Qirah
Surah al-Nahl 98
Tilwah
Tajweed
Surah al-Anfal 2
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Tajweed
Linguistic
Beautify
Embellish
Adorn
Technical
Reciting the Quran by granting each letter its due, including its intrinsic properties
and those features governed by its placement and relation to other letters
Contemporary
the precise methodology of reciting the Qurn, as it was transmitted from
the Prophet to subsequent generations, based upon a body of rules and
principles developed by those well-versed in its recitation
INTRODUCTION
Advanced Vernacular

Advanced Topic
INTRODUCTION
Advanced Vernacular
Advanced Topic
INTRODUCTION
Advanced Topic
Learning the Variant Readings Today
All 10
INTRODUCTION
Mistakes in Tajweed
Major
Addition, ommision,
changing of words,
elements, vowels
Forbidden
Minor
Violations of madd
duration, ghunnah,
finer rules
Disliked
Mistakes
The Companions and early Muslims were very

intolerant of all types of mistakes with respect to the
Qurn!
INTRODUCTION
Types of Reciters
Experts
Reciters
Those who make
mistakes
Noble Company
Excused
Double Reward
Blameworthy
Tajweed is the only science where mistakes are

rewarded !
Ruling on Tajweed
Types of
Tajweed
Knowledge
INTRODUCTION
Theoretical
Communal
Obligation
Practical
Individual
Obligation
HOW TO BEGIN
HOW TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION
The Rules Of Istiadhah and Basmala
HOW TO BEGIN
Al-Istiadhah
Surah al-Nahl 98
If Alone or in Salah
Silent
All other cases
Aloud
Form

Manner
Al-Basmalah

Surah al-Fatiha 1
HOW TO BEGIN
Joining 2 Surahs
HOW TO BEGIN
Why Only 3 Ways ?
HOW TO BEGIN
Joining Surah Al-Anfal and Al-Tawbah
Al-Tawbah is the only Surah that does not begin with the Basmalah.
LESSON TWO:
RULES OF NN AND NNNATION

SPOTLIGHT
1.Imm Ibn mir

al-Shm (d 118H)

QUICK REVIEW
1. What is tarteel in the Quran?
2. Define Tajweed.
3. What are the 2 forms of istiadha?
Imm Als definition of

Tarteel:
Levels of Tajweed
1. Tajweed of
Individual
Letters
2. Tajweed of
Letters in
Combination
3. Knowledge of
Stopping/Continuing

The
Rules of the Letter Nun

and Meem
Why do we begin with Nun and Meem?
Surah al-Nisa 93

RULES OF NN & NNNATION
Sakin
Tanween
The Letter
Nun and
Meem
Ghunnah
DEFINITIONS

For the nn without vowels and the tanwn diction,

exist four basic rules, so take my depiction.

IHR
IQLB
Rules of
Nn
Skin /
Tanwn
Tanw
n
IDGHM
IKHF

RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
The first of these, the rule of Ihr

Ihr,, is before the letters hence,
arising from the throat, six in number, in this known sequence:
Hamza and H
H,, then Ayn
Ayn and
,,
without the marks, then Ghayn and Kh
Kh..

1. Definition
2. Its Letters:
[Guttural Letters]


Levels of Ihr
Farthest Letters:

Middle Letters:

Closest Letters:

Advanced Topic


RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)

The second is Idghm
Idghm,, with six it takes effect,
in yarmuloon
yarmuloon,, a mnemonic which they accept.

Definition
Its Letters:


But this is of two types, with the first being verbalized,
with the trait of ghunnah
ghunnah,, and by yanmu recognized.
Except if this occurs within one word, then there is none,
no idghm in articulation, as in the words dunya and inwn
inwn..
The second type is Idghm without the ghunnah trait,
in lm and r
r,, but the latter you must reverberate.

Types of Idghm:
1. With Ghunnah:
2. Without Ghunnah:

EXAMPLES
Surah al-Nisa 123

EXAMPLES
Surah 6:98

EXAMPLES
Surah 24:45

EXAMPLES
Surah 42:44

EXAMPLES WITHOUT GHUNNAH
Surah Al-Baqarah 5

EXAMPLES WITHOUT GHUNNAH
Surah 24:37

EXCEPTIONS:
1. No Idghm within one word.
4 Quranic Examples:
Advanced Topic
2. No Idghm in the following 2 verses:

Surah Yasin: v1-2
Surah Nun: v1-2
The rule in the above examples is called Izhr Mutlaq.

EXCEPTIONS:
Surah Yasin 1-2
Surah al-qalam 1
Advanced Topic

Advanced Topic
Types of
Assimilation
Complete
Incomplete

RULES OF NN & NNNATION 3. IQLB (Conversion)
The third rule is Iqlb which occurs with the

letter b
b,,
which is converted to meem and pronounced
with Ikhf
Ikhf..

Definition
Letter:
3 Steps: 1. Nn converted to meem

2. Suppress meem (Ikhf)
3. Ghunnah

EXAMPLES
Surah al-Maidah 39

RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
The fourth is Ikhf for the respected student,

with specified letters mandatory for the
student.

In fifteen letters it takes effect,

within this prose that I erect:

Relate of the praiseworthy one, how excellent is
he who achieves status robust;

Be ever perpetual in virtue, cultivate piety,

and fend off the one who is unjust.


Definition
15 Letters:

BREAKDOWN:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The articulation of nn like a

separate letter
between full manifestation and full
assimilation
without emphasis (shaddah)
with ghunnah (and 2 durations)
and association with the subsequent
letter (in characteristics)

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

THE 4 RULES: SUMMARY AND CASE STUDY

Muslim Immigrant Mahmood
The Nun: Muslim Identity The Subsequent Letter: US Society
Suppression
4 Scenarios
Conversion
Manifestation
Assimilation
LESSON THREE:
RULES OF NN/MEEM MUSHADDADAH
RULES OF UNVOWELLED MEEM

SPOTLIGHT
1.Imm Ibn mir

al-Shm (d 118H)

RULES OF THE DOUBLED NN & MEEM

And articulate ghunnah of the nn and meem
that carries the double accent,
and refer to both as letters of ghunnah
ghunnah,, as is
obvious and apparent.

RULES OF THE DOUBLED NN & MEEM
Definition
Length of 2 Durations
In Continuing and Stopping
Surah al-Baqarah 20
Surah al-Rahman 39

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
When stopping on meem before the letters of the alphabet,

but not before the alif layyinah, for he who is intelligent
are three rules for he who would endear them to memory,
and they are the rules of Ikhf, Idghm and Ihr only.

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
IHR
Rules of
Meem
Skin
IDGHM
IKHF

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
IHR
SHAFAWY
IDGHM
MITHLAYN
AGHR
Rules of
Meem
Skin
IKHF
SHAFAWY

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 1. IKHF SHAFAWY

The first is Ikhf with the letter b,
And termed by the reciters as Labial Ikhf.

The Letter:
The Meem pronounced with Ghunnah and Ikhf
Only occurs between 2 words

Functionally identical to Iql
Iqlb
b


RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IDGHM

The second is Idghm when its likeness appears,
and name it the Smaller Idghm my dears.

Idghm Mithlayn aghr

The Letter:
The Meem is doubled (pronounced with Ghunnah)

Only occurs between 2 words
Functionally identical to Meem Mushaddah

Advanced Topic
IDGHM due to assimilation of 2 meems

MITHLAYN due to 2 identical letters
AGHR due to 1st Meem unvowelled, 2nd vowelled


RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IHR SHAFAWY

The third is Ihr which occurs with the balance
of the letters, and termed Labial Ihr in our
parlance.

The Remaining 26 Letter
The Meem is pronounced normally

Can occur within a word or between 2 words


RULES OF MEEM SAKIN WARNING

And be wary of making Ikhf with ww and f when
you read,
due to the closeness and unity of its makhraj, so
take heed.

RULES OF MEEM SAKIN WARNING
Al-Fatiha 7
Al--Baqarah 17
Al
LESSON FOUR:
THE RULES OF LM
SPOTLIGHT
1. Imm Ibn Kathr alMakk (d 120H)
2. Imm Abu Amr alBar (d 154H)

RULES OF LM

The lm of the definite article exists in two states before the letters,
the first is its manifest articulation, and should be understood better,
Occurring before fourteen letters, so learn them well,
from this mnemonic: Seek your goal and vain pursuits repel.
The second is its assimilation, which in fourteen does exist,
and likewise, facilitate your recollection of them from this:
Be meritorious, maintain relations for success, and host those who are beneficent;
Shun ill estimations of others, and frequent the noble ones for munificence.

RULES OF LM
TYPES:
1. Lm of the Definite Article )
2. Lm of the Verb
3. Lm of Commands
4. Lm of the Noun
5. Lm of Particles )
Advanced Topic

RULES OF LM Lm of the Definite Article
Definition
a book
the book
2 Rules: Manifestation and Assimilation

RULES OF LM
The Lm of alThe Moon

Letters: Ihr
The Sun Letters:

Idghm

RULES OF LM Lm of the Definite Article
Al--Fatiha 2-3
Al

RULES OF LM Other Types of Lm
Default: Ihr
If followed by the letter Lm or R: Idgh
Idghm
m




RULES OF LM The Grand Word (Laf Jallah)
If preceded by fatha or dhamma: Heavy

If preceded by kasrah: Light


MAKHRIJ

RULES OF LAM SAKINAH
The Other Types of Lm

Izhr

[al-Kahf 18: 72]
Idghm [ followed by or ]

[al-Kahf 18: 75]


Izhr
Say, He Allah is one. [al-Ikhlas ]
O my Lord, increase me in knowledge.

[Taha 20: 114]

Say: The Guidance of Allah, that is the
(only) Guidance. [al-Baqarah 2: 120]

Say: "If the ocean were ink (wherewith

to write out) the words of my Lord.
Sooner would the ocean be exhausted
than would the words of my Lord, even
if we added another ocean like it, for its
aid." [Kahf 18:109]


Izhr
Nay, We hurl the Truth against falsehood,

Nay, Allah raised him (Jesus) up unto
and it knocks out its brain, and behold, Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
falsehood doth perish! Ah! woe be to you for
[al-Nis 4: 158]
the (false) things ye ascribe (to Us). [al-Anbiy
21:18]
Nay, they deny the Hour (of the Judgment to

come): but We have prepared a Blazing Fire
for such as deny the Hour. [al-Furqan 25: 11]
Nay, Allah's curse is on them (Israelites) for

their blasphemy: little is it they believe. [al-
Is there any reward for good other than

good? [al-Rahmn 55: 60]
And say (O Ms) to him (Pharoah): Would

you purify yourself (from the sin of disbelief
by becoming a believer)? [al-Nzit 79:18]
Baqarah 2: 88]

LESSON FOUR:
THE MAKHRIJ
(POINTS OF ARTICULATION)
SPOTLIGHT
1. Imm Nfi al-Madan

(d 169H)
2. Imm im al-Kf (d
127H)
QUICK REVIEW
1. What are the 3 possibilities of what can
happen to the meem sakin?
2. What are the two possibilities that can occur
with lam sakin?
3. When is the lam pronounced heavy?

MAKHRIJ
Singular: Makhraj
Plural: Makhrij
Definition: The Point of Articulation of each letter
Total Number: 17 in 5 Locations
Technique: Make the letter unvowelled and precede
it with a vowelled hamzah

MAKHRIJ

MAKHRIJ

MAKHRIJ 1.ORAL CAVITY (AL-JAWF)
Not a real makhraj, approximated
Makhraj of the Madd Letters
Madd Letters:
Unvowelled Alif preceded by fatha
Unvowelled Y preceded by kasrah
Unvowelled Waw preceded by dhamma

Mnemonic:

MAKHRIJ 2. THROAT (AL-ALQ)

Six Guttural Letters
3 Levels:
The Farthest Portion

The Middle of the Throat

The Closest Portion


MAKHRIJ 3. THE TONGUE (AL-LISN)
Posterior:
Middle:
Edge:
Tip:

MAKHRIJ 4. THE LIPS (AL-SHAFATAYN)
Bottom lip with upper teeth (incisors):
Between the lips:

MAKHRIJ 5. NASAL CAVITY (AL-KHAYSHUM)
Ghunnah

LESSON FIVE:
THE
IFT (ATTRIBUTES)
Paired
OVERVIEW OF THE ATTRIBUTES

Basic
Unpaired
e.g. Idghm,
Ikhf, etc.
Conditional

Attributes


THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES

Every Letter
is either:
There are a total of 11 paired attributes

1. Whispered or Loud
arranged within 5 pairs that
necessarily affect each letter.
2. Forceful or Soft or
Moderate
3. Elevated or Depressed
4. Closed or Open
5. Flowing or Sharp


Quality
Attribute
Examples
Pair 1:
Exhalation of Breath

Whisper
Loudness
The Rest


Flow of Sound
Quality
Attribute
Examples
Pair 2:
Soft
Moderate
Forceful
The Rest


Quality
Attribute
Examples
Pair 3:
Heavy/elevated articulation
Elevated
Depressed
The Rest


Quality
Attribute
Examples
Pair 4:
Adhesion of tongue against

palate
Closed
Open
The Rest


Quality
Attribute
Examples
Pair 5:
Smooth, flowing
articulation
Flowing
Sharp
The Rest


Quality
Attribute
Examples
Advanced Topic
Pair 5:
Smooth, flowing
articulation
Flowing
Sharp

The Rest
Linguistics Rule: Any Arabic word of more than 3

letters must contain a Flowing letter!

Whistle
Echo
Lenience

Drifting
Repetition

THE UNPAIRED ATTRIBUTES
The hissing Sound of
The echo when stopping on:
The soft aw and ay madd sounds

The slight bending of the tongue tip
towards the roof of the mouth in:
The vibrating, trilling quality of
Spreading The expansive sound of

Lengthening
The expansive, elongated quality of

HEAVY versus LIGHT
Always Heavy
7
Letters:
Advanced Topic
Separating the novice

from the expert
Variable
The Madd
Alif
Note the configuration

of the mouth
Always Light
The Rest

HEAVY versus LIGHT
Advanced Topic

from the expert
Scales of Heaviness
By the 5
Heavy Letters:
Heaviest to least:
By the States
of the Letters:
Vowelled by fata
and followed by
alif
Vowelled by fata
Vowelled by
dhammah
Unvowelled

Vowelled with
kasrah
By Vowels:
Strongest: fatah
Strong: dhamma
Weakest: kasrah

HEAVY versus LIGHT
Advanced Topic

from the expert
Attributes Summarized by Strength
T h e
A r t
o f
T a j w e e d
7 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension

Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
2009

SPOTLIGHT
Witness Excellence and Precision in
Recitation: Shaykh al-uar
QUICK REVIEW
1. How many total attributes are there?
2. What are conditional attributes?

3. What are the 2 types of Basic Attributes?
4. Name the 7 heavy letters.

SPOTLIGHT
1. Imm al-Kis (d 189H)

2. Imm Ab Jafar alMadan (d 130H)

LESSON SIX:
THE
RULES OF THE LETTER R
THE RULES OF R
A Peak at the Rules of R:

Basic
Premise:
Fata/dhamma heavy vowels

Kasrah light vowel
Basic
1.
2.
Principles:
Look to the vowel of the r

If unvowelled, look to preceding
vowel
3. If unvowelled, look to preceding,
etc.
4. Pay attention to heavy letters,
conditional vowels
THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.

HEAVY
1. Vowelled with fata or

dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by
fata or dhamma
unvowelled (other than y) and
preceded by fata or dhamma
conditional kasrah of hamzah alwal
kasrah but followed by heavy
letter
LIGHT
1. Vowelled with kasrah

kasrah, with no heavy letter
following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Relax and Take

a Deep Breath.

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Note that this sukn is due to

stopping on the word

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY

dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
THE RULES OF R

HEAVY
Only 5 such examples in
dhamma
the Qurn:

fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
EXCEPTIONS
HEAVY
dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
THE RULES OF R
Advanced Topic
There are a limited number of

Qurnic words which are
exceptions to these rules
In their case the r may be
pronounced heavy or light
These are subject to the rules of
Riwyah
THE RULES OF R
EXCEPTIONS
HEAVY
dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Advanced Topic
Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah

but followed by heavy letter vowelled
with kasrah:
Only one such example in the Qurn: alShuar 63

The r may be pronounced heavy (due to
the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced light due to
that heavy letter being vowelled with
kasrah, which is a light vowel that lessens
its heaviness
THE RULES OF R
EXCEPTIONS
HEAVY
dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Advanced Topic
Al-Qamar 54:16
The r may be pronounced heavy

(due to the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced
light due to a fine grammatical
point:
The original word was
The y was dropped in writing
THE RULES OF R
EXCEPTIONS
HEAVY
dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Advanced Topic
The r may be pronounced heavy

light due to a fine grammatical
point:
The original word was

The y was dropped in writing
THE RULES OF R
EXCEPTIONS
HEAVY
dhamma
fata or dhamma
letter
LIGHT

following
preceded by kasrah
unvowelled y
Advanced Topic
Unvowelled and preceded by

unvowelled (other than y) heavy
letter and preceded by kasrah
Only two such words in the Qurn: al-Saba

34:12, Ysuf 12:21/99, and al-Zukhruf 43:51
The r may be pronounced light

light due to it being preceded by a
heavy letter

LESSON SEVEN:
THE
RULES OF ASSIMILATION
THE
RULES OF ELONGATION

SPOTLIGHT
1. Imm Yaqb al-Bar (d

205H)
2. Imm Khalaf (d 229H)

LESSON SEVEN:
THE
RULES OF ASSIMILATION

Basic
other?
Basic
1.
2.
THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
Issue: When are two adjacent letters assimilated into each
Rule:
The default articulation of every letter is ihr (overt pronunciation)

Sometimes the letters are assimilated based upon their similarities and their vowel states
Basic
Principles:
There are four basic types of adjacent letter pairs:

1. Mithlayn 2 Identical Letters (same makhraj + attributes)
2. Mutaqribayn 2 Close Letters (similar makhraj + attributes)
3. Mutajnisayn 2 Similar Letters (same makhraj, different attributes)
4. Mutabidayn 2 Distant Letters (very different makraj + attributes)
There are four basic vowel configurations for adjacent letters:
1. Unvowelled/vowelled aghr
aghr:: often results in assimilation
2. Both vowelled Kabr
Kabr:: rarely results in assimilation
3. Both unvowelled Muqayyad
Muqayyad:: no assimilation
4. Vowelled/unvowelled Mulaq
Mulaq:: no assimilation

Basic Examples:
Mutaqribayn Letters:
Mutajnisayn Letters:
Mutabidayn Letters:
Mithlayn Letters:
Four basic vowel configurations for adjacent letters:
1.
Unvowelled/vowelled aghr
aghr::
2.
Both vowelled Kabr

Kabr::
3.
Both unvowelled Muqayyad

Muqayyad::
4.
Vowelled/unvowelled Mulaq
Mulaq::
Note that these last 2 categories never result in assimilation and will not be
discussed further, leaving only aghr and Kabr.

1. MITHLAYN
1. MITHLAYN (IDENTICAL) LETTERS

AGHR
When 2 identical letters appear
adjacently, with the first
unvowelled and the second
vowelled, they are always
assimilated
This is known as Idghm
Mithlayn aghr
This can occur within one word
or between 2 words
Examples:
KABR
When 2 identical letters appear
adjacently that are both
vowelled, their default
articulation is ihr in nearly all
cases:
Only a few limited exceptions

exist, where these letters are
assimilated (Idghm Mithlayn
Kabr) **details next slide **
1. MITHLAYN
Idghm Mithlayn Kabr Examples
Surah Yusuf 12:11
Original word
The nn is pronounced with ishmm or ikhtils as a remnant of the

first nn
Ishmm = circling of the lips
Ikhtils = 2/3 of a arakah

1. MITHLAYN
Idghm Mithlayn Kabr Other Examples
Advanced Topic
The word
The word
The word
The word
Original word [ 18:95]
Original word
[ 6:80]
Original word [ 39:64]
[ 2:271/4:58]
Original word

2. MUTAQRIBAYN
Similar makhraj
& attributes
Similar attributes
but not makhraj
Similar makhraj
but not attributes
Same attributes,
similar makhraj
Same attributes,
different makhraj
MUTAQARIBAYN
(CLOSE) LETTERS

2. MUTAQRIBAYN
2. MUTAQARIBAYN (CLOSE) LETTERS

AGHR
Assimilation mandatory in 4
specific cases [next slide]
Mutaqribayn aghr
KABR
Never assimilated
2. MUTAQRIBAYN
Idghm Mutaqribayn Kabr 4 Cases
Nn
Skin/Tanw
n followed
by [ ]
Single Qurnic
example 77:20

3. MUTAJNISAYN
3. MUTAJANISAYN (SIMILAR) LETTERS

AGHR
General rule is ihr

Assimilation mandatory in only
5 cases and optional in 2 cases
[next slide]
Mutajnisayn aghr
KABR
Never assimilated
3. MUTAJNISAYN
Idghm Mutajnisayn aghr 5 Mandatory Cases

1. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
2. Unvowelled [ ]followed by vowelled [ ]
4. Unvowelled [ ]followed by vowelled [ ]occurs in 2 verses
5. Unvowelled [ ]followed by vowelled [ ] Incomplete Idghm

3. MUTAJNISAYN
Idghm Mutajnisayn aghr 2 Optional Cases


4. MUTABIDAYN
4. MUTABAIDAYN (DISTANT) LETTERS

AGHR
Never assimilation
KABR
Never assimilated
These are the majority of letter combinations
LESSON SEVEN:
THE
RULES OF ELONGATION
THE RULES OF ELONGATION

Basic
Issue: When are some vowels and sounds elongated
to longer durations, and exactly how long?

Only
Tajweed term found in the Sunnah
Linguistically:
To elongate/lengthen/prolong
Technical Definition:
Definition:
Elongation of the vowel sounds of the three madd letters
A Peak at the Rules of Madd
Basic

Types of Madd

Derived


THE BASIC MADD
All the madd rules are built upon the 3 basic madd letters:
Unvowelled Alif preceded by Fata
Unvowelled Y preceded by Kasrah
Unvowelled Ww preceded by Dhamma
Mnemonic:
Its duration: 2 arakas [referred to as ]

THE BASIC MADD
Even small mistakes in Basic Madd changes meanings !!
we took
Verily we
that
the women took

THE BASIC MADD
The Basic Madd is the most common type of madd, with

examples in every Qurnic verse !!
How many examples can you find in the following verse?

THE BASIC MADD
MADD LN
Unvowelled Ww
preceded by Fata
2.
3.
Unvowelled Y preceded
by Fata
There are 4 additional types of madd that follow the pattern of the Basic Madd:
1.
Its duration: 2- arakas

[]
5 DISJOINTED
LETTERS [ ]
, ,
, ,
SUBSTITUTE
MADD []
Stopping on tanwn
fata is articulated as a
Basic Madd Alif
4.
/ /
Exception words
ending with are
pronouned with
unvowelled h on
stopping
LESSER
CONNECTING
MADD [

]
The attached 3rd person

masculine pronoun [ /]
plus the word [ ] also
follows the basic madd
when
it is vowelled and between 2
vowelled letters

THE BASIC MADD
EXCEPTIONS TO THE LESSER CONNECTING MADD [

]
There are 5 exceptions to this rule according to the af reading

Al-Zumar 39:7
Al-Furqan 25:69
They said: "Keep him and his brother and send to the cities men to collect. Al-Araf 7:111
Al-Shuaraa 26:36
Al-Naml 27:28

THE DERIVED MADD
Sometimes the basic madd is prolonged beyond 2 durations

due to certain elements (known as causes, sabab, for madd)
There are 2 causes of madd
Hamzah
Causes of
Madd

Sukn

THE DERIVED MADD
The Derived Madd

Hamzah
After
Sukn (following madd letter)
Before
Different
word
Same
word
2,4,5
4,5
Presented
(due to
stop)
Actual

In a word
6 arakahs
2, 4, 6
In a letter

Shaddah
Heavy
Sukn
Light
Shaddah
Heavy
Sukn
Light
Congratulations!
What NEXT ?
The Advice to Sufyaan

ibn Abdillah:
ISTIQAMAH
[Ibn Hibban, authenticated by al-Mundhiri,

Ahmad Shakir, Albani and Arnaut]

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T h e

10 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension

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TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION

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The Formal Rules

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WHAT YOU NEED FOR

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Will help you establish a relationship with Allahs Book

Will help you live a purpose-driven and organized life.

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Lesson 1: Introduction/Terminology, Mistakes in

Lesson 9: The Rules of Madd

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Learning the Variant Readings Today

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The Companions and early Muslims were very

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Tajweed is the only science where mistakes are

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HOW TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION

The Rules Of Istiadhah and Basmala

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All other cases

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Why Only 3 Ways ?

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Joining Surah Al-Anfal and Al-Tawbah

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RULES OF NN AND NNNATION

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1.Imm Ibn mir

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Imm Als definition of

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Rules of the Letter Nun

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Why do we begin with Nun and Meem?

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For the nn without vowels and the tanwn diction,

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The first of these, the rule of Ihr

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