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ImplemenngtheWeakForminCOMOL
Mulphic
ChienLiu|Januar6,2015

Thilogpotipartofaerieaimedatintroducingtheweakformwithminimal
prerequiite.Inthefirtlogpot,welearnedaouttheaicconceptoftheweak
formulation.Allequationwereleftintheanalticalform.Toda,wewillimplement
andolvetheequationnumericalluingtheCOMOLMultiphicimulation
oftware.YouareencouragedtofollowthetepwithaworkingcopoftheCOMOL
oftware.

RecappingtheaicIdea
Recallthatinthepreviouentr,wetudiedaimpleexampleof1Dheattranferat
teadtatewithnoheatource,wherethetemperature iafunctionofthe
poition inthedomaindefinedtheinterval
.
Theweakformulationturnthedifferentialequationfortheheattranferphicinto
anintegralequation,withatetfunction
aalocalizedamplingfunctionwithin
theintegrandtoclampdowntheolution.Integratingtheweakformpartprovide
thenumericalenefitofreduceddifferentiationorder.Italoprovideanaturalwato
pecifoundarconditionintermoftheheatflux.Forfixedoundarcondition,in
termofthetemperature,theweakformulationuetheamemechanimoftet

termofthetemperature,theweakformulationuetheamemechanimoftet
functionanditnaturaloundarconditiontocontructadditionalterminthe
equationtem.
Intheend,wearrivedatanexemplarequationthatlooklikethi:
(1)
Here,theintegrandonthelefthandideinvolveonlthefirtderivativeofthe
temperature,thefirttermontherighthandidedefinethattheoutgoingfluxhould
e2attheleftoundar(
),andtheothertwotermontherighthandide
togetherpecifthatthetemperaturehoulde9attherightoundar(
).

TheWeakFormPDInterface
Toimplementq.(1)inCOMOLMultiphic,weuetheModelWizardtocreatea
new1DmodelwithaWeakFormPD(w)interface(underMathematic>PDInterface)
andatationartud.ThedependentvarialecaneettoTtomatchthenotationin
ourequation.Forthegeometr,wemakeanIntervaletween1and5.Theweak
expreionunderthedefaultWeakFormPD1noderead:
test(Tx)*Tx+1[m^2]*test(T),wherethefirttermcorrepondtotheintegrand
inourq.(1)andtheecondtermcorrepondtoaheatource,whichinotinour
impleexampleandhoulderemovedfromtheinputfield.
Theweakexpreionnowread:test(Tx)*Tx,whereTxitheCOMOL
Multiphicnotationfor

,thefirtderivativeofthetemperature,and

test(Tx)ithefirtderivativeofthetetfunction

.Thenegativeigncome

fromtheconventionthattheinputfieldaumethattheexpreioniontheright
handideoftheequalign(aeeninthequationectionoftheettingwindow),
whiletheintegralinourequationionthelefthandide.

TheWeakContriuonFeature
Toimplementtheweakformtermontherighthandideofq.(1)fortheoundar
condition,rightclicktheWeakFormPD(w)node.Weeethatthereareuiltin
oundarfeatureuchatheDirichletoundarConditionitem,whichiavailalein
thepopupmenuforourconvenience.However,incehereweareinteretedin
enteringtheequationourelve,wehoverthemoueovertheitemMoreinthepopup
menuandclickontheitemWeakContriutioninthenextpopupmenu.

IntheettingwindowfortheWeakContriution1nodeunderoundarelection,
weelectoundar1attheleftendofthedomain(at
).Wethenentertheweak
expreiona:2*test(T)undertheectionWeakContriutionintheameetting
window.Thitakecareofthefirttermontherighthandideofq.(1),which
pecifietheoutgoingfluxtoe2attheoundar
.

FixedoundarCondion
Forthefixedoundarconditionat
,wherethelattwotermontherighthand
ideofq.(1)togetherpecifthat
,wecreateanotherWeakContriution
nodeatoundar2attherightendofthedomainandanAuxiliarDependentVariale
unodeunderit.
Weenterlambda2fortheFieldvarialenameintheunodeandthenentertheweak
expreionathetwoterminq.(1):lambda2*test(T)test(lambda2)*(T9)

Dicrezaon
TheCOMOLoftwaredicretizethedomaincreatingameh.Letrightclickthe
Meh1nodeandelectdgeandthenrightclickdge1andelectDitriution.Then,
weettheNumerofelementto4andclickuildAll.Weintentionallkeepthe
numerofelementmalltomakeiteaierwhenwedicuthedicretizationinmore
detaillater.

Alo,undertheDicretizationectionintheettingwindowfortheWeakFormPD(w)
interfacenode,weetthelementordertoLinear(clickonthehowuttonunder
ModeluilderandthentheitemDicretizationinthepopupmenutoenalethe
Dicretizationection):

ComputetheoluoninCOMOLMulphic
NowwearereadtoclickComputeandcheckwhethertheolutionmakeene.
Theolutiongiveatraightlinewithinthedomain,whichiconitentwiththe
temperatureprofileatteadtatewithnoheatource.Thelopeofthelinei2,
whichiconitentwiththeoundarconditionthattheoutgoingfluxi2at
.
Thetemperaturei9at
,apecifiedthefixedoundarcondition.ince
thereinoheatource,thetotalheatfluxgoingoutofthedomainhouldumupto
zerointheteadtate.Thu,theoutgoingfluxhoulde2at
.
Wereadilverifthimakingapointevaluationoftheheatfluxvarialelambda2,
ahowninthecreenhotelow:

omereadermawonderwhetheritialwaneceartoolvefortheauxiliar
varialelambda2,theocalledLagrangemultiplier,epeciallifitinotneededthe
modelerandolvingforitinevitalrequiremorecomputation.Awewilleeinthe
followingpot,COMOLMultiphicprovidealternativefeatureandallowthe
uertodecidewhetherornottoolvefortheLagrangemultiplier.

ummarandNextUp
Toda,werefrehedtheconceptoftheweakformulationandimplementedan
exemplarweakformequation(1)inCOMOLMultiphic.Thereultingnumerical
olutionehaveaexpectedfromimplephicalargument.
Infuturelogpot,wewilltakealookunderthehoodtoeehowtheweakform
equation,uchaq.(1),aredicretizedandolvednumericall.Wewilleehowthe
ameprolemcaneolvedindifferentwaandhowdifferentoundarcondition
caneetupfordifferenttpeofprolem.
tatuned!

PotCategorie
CoreFunctionalit quationaedModeling

PotTag
TechnicalContent|WeakForm

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Comment

tefanoMaffeiJanuar8,2015at6:03am
Thankalotforthicleararticle.Iamlookingforwardforthenext
one.
Doouhaveapecificreferenceconcerningfiniteelement/pectral
elementthatIcanuetogetmoreinightintotheeconcept?

ChienLiuJanuar8,2015at10:19am
Deartefano,
Thankouforourinteretinthilogpot.Youmafindthelitof
ookelowofinteret.
incerel,
Chien
Theeookmighteofinteretforgettinganindepthknowledgeof
finiteelementanali:
*T.J.R.Hughe,TheFinitelementMethod:Lineartaticand
DnamicFinitelementAnali,DoverPulication(2000)

*O.C.Zienkiewicz&R.L.Talor,TheFinitelementMethodet,
utterworthHeinemann;7thedition(2011)
*.C.renner&L.R.cott,TheMathematicalTheorofFinitelement
Method,pringer;3rdedition(2009)
Fortheapplicationofthefiniteelementmethodtopartialdifferential
equationinparticular,theeookmighteofinteret:
*K.rikon,D.tep,P.Hano,C.Johnon,Computational
Differentialquation,CamridgeUniveritPre;2ndedition(1996)
*C.Johnon,NumericalolutionofPartialDifferentialquationthe
FinitelementMethod,DoverPulication(2009)
Forfluidflow,thiookhaaectiononcomparionetweenthe
finitevolumemethodandthefiniteelementmethod.Itialoagood
referencefordifferentfiniteelementtpeuedforCFD:
*P.M.Greho&R.L.ani,IncompreileFlowandtheFinitelement
Method,Volume2,IothermalLaminarFlow,JohnWile&on(2000)
Forlectromagnetic,epeciallhighfrequenc,thiianexcellent
reference:
*JianmingJin,TheFinitelementMethodinlectromagnetic,Wile
IPre;3rdedition(2014)

CamillepingarnFeruar3,2015at5:12am

RenWenxiFeruar7,2015at6:48am
DearLiu,
Thankouomuchforourarticleaouttheweakform.Ihaveeen
interetedintheapplicationoftheweakformintructureanali.
Recentl,iamtringtodeignaimpletructureanalimodule
weakform.utthereiaproleminmcode.Ihopeourhelp.The
followingimcode:
%Diplacementfield
%Dependentvarialeu,v
%Variale

1.44*10^4[MPa]%Youngmodulu
pr0.2%Poionratio
%laticitmatrix
D11/(1pr^2)
D22/(1pr^2)
D33/(2*(1+pr))
D12*pr/(1pr^2)
D21D12
D230[Pa]
D320[Pa]
D130[Pa]
D310[Pa]
%train
exux
ev
ex0.5*(u+vx)
%tre
xD11*ex+D12*e+2*D13*ex
D21*ex+D22*e+2*D23*ex
xD31*ex+D32*e+2*D33*ex
%quation
x*tet(ux)x*tet(u)%XDirection
*tet(v)x*tet(vx)%YDirection

RenWenxiFeruar7,2015at6:49am
Lookforwardtoourrepl~

ChienLiuFeruar9,2015at10:37am
HiRen,
Thankouforcontactinguonthi.Inthicaewerecommendthat
oupleaecontactourupportteamforhelp.Thecanereachedat:
http://www.comol.com/upport
etregard,
Chien

Chien

tefanoMaffeiFeruar18,2015at5:38am
HiChien,
LetaIhaveatemofequation(inmcaeihaveaneigenvalue
prolem).ThenImultiplothequationtheircorrepondingtet
function(amvarialeareandc),integratepartandapplthe
oundarconditionIhave.ImagineafterallIamleftwithomething
like:
\int[weakformfor]dx=[lamda*tet()*x]_x1
\int[weakformforc]dx=[tet(c)*cx]_x1
wherelamdaitheeigenvalue(orrifthilookcomplicated,Ijut
thinkthatwithanexampleiettertotalkaoutthing).Imaginethat
omehowihavenoinformationaoutthederivativeinx0(aix1
everthingvanihe).
Mquetioni:theeoundartermhaveteretained,athemight
eimportantinadjutingtheehaviouroftheolutionnearx1.How
houldItreatthem?houldIputintheweakcontriutionunode
lamda*tet()*x+tet(c)*cx
appliedonx1?
Thank

ChienLiuFeruar18,2015at8:17am
Hitefano,
Thankouforcontactinguonthi.Inthicaewerecommendthat
oupleaecontactourupportteamforhelp.Thecanereachedat:
http://www.comol.com/upport
Thank!
Chien

PuZhangApril16,2015at11:54pm
Vernicelogpot!oithipoiilitofinpectingtemmatrixa
newfeatureinCOMOL5?

ChienLiuApril17,2015at11:01am
HelloPu,
Thankouforthecomment.Youwereproalreferringtothientr:
http://www.comol.com/log/implementingtheweakformwitha
comolapp/
Thepoiilitofinpectingthetemmatrixinotnew.Infactitha
eenavailaletouerfromtheeginning.
OfcouretheApplicationuilderiarandnewfeatureinCOMOL
5.0(andfurtherenhancedin5.1).Weelievetheuerproductivit
canegreatlimprovedCOMOLApp,aillutratedintheaove
logpot(andmanother).
Chien

ChienLiuApril17,2015at1:11pm
IntheprevioumeageIforgottoaddthelinktootherlogpoton
COMOLApp.Thecanefoundhere:
http://www.comol.com/log/categor/all/application/

jackhinemaJune18,2015at9:12pm
DearChienLiu,
VergladtolearnfromourlogonWeakformofcomolandita
vergoodlogpecifingonweakformthatmerelintroduced

detailedlanwhere.However,Iwonderthatwhthereia2order
differentialinintegrandutonl1timeintegralontheleftofequation
1.Iflikethi,thecalculatingreultoflefttermwouldeinadifferential
form,whichinotliketherightpolmial.

ChienLiuJune22,2015at11:47am
Hijackhine,
Thankouforthecomment.
ImnotureIundertandourquetionincethereinotimeintegralin
equation1.
Theintegrandhouldeinterpretedahavingparentheiafollow:
(dxT)(dxT_tet).
Hopethihelpclariftheequation.
Chien

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