Paper 1 Set B Solutions

Regn No: ____ _____________

Name: ___________________
(To be written by the candidates)

6th NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION May, 2008

FOR
ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS
PAPER 1:

GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT & ENERGY

AUDIT

Date: 10.05.2008

Timings: 0930-1230 HRS

Duration: 3 HRS

Max. Marks: 150

General instructions:
o
o
o
o
o

Please check that this question paper contains 11 printed pages

Please check that this question paper contains 64 questions
The question paper is divided into three sections
All questions in all three sections are compulsory
All parts of a question should be answered at one place

Section I: OBJECTIVE TYPE

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Answer all 50 questions

Each question carries one mark
Please hatch the appropriate oval in the OMR answer sheet with Black Pen, as per
instructions

In the first two months the cumulative sum is 12 and 24 respectively. In the next two
months calculated energy consumption is more than actual energy consumption by 12 for
each month. This means the energy savings at the end of the fourth month would be
a) 0

Marks: 50 x 1 = 50

b) 12

c) -12

The critical Path in CPM used in project planning techniques indicates _____.
a) time required for the completion of the project
c) early start and late completion of the project

b) delays in the project

d) none of the above

A centrifugal pump draws 12 m 3/hr. Due to leakages from the casing of the impeller a
continuous flow of 2 m3/hr is lost. The efficiency of the pump is 55%. The flow at the
discharge side would be
a) 8.4 m3/hr

d) 24

b) 12 m3/hr

c) 10 m3/hr

d) 3.6 m3/hr

10 MWh of electrical energy is equal to ______tonnes of oil equivalent?

(CV of oil = 10,000 kCal/kg)
a) 860

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

b) 0.86

c) 8,600

d) 86,000

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

5

The present value of equipment is Rs. 10,000 and interest on discount rate is 10%. The
future value of the cash flow at the end of 2 years is:
a) Rs. 10000

b) Rs. 12,100

b) Negative

b) Wind

c) Geothermal

b) 2.2

c) 3.87

Which of the following is not a flexible mechanism under Kyoto protocol?

b) 175

c) 200

b) 4520

b)CFCs

c) CO2

d) Nitrogen

b) risks due to assumptions

d) best financing source

The fixed energy consumption of a company is 1000 kWh per month. The line slope of the
energy (y) versus production (x) chart is 0.2. The energy consumed in kWh per month for
a production level of 80,000 tons/month is
a) 16,000

17

b) higher than interest rate

d) has no relation to interest rate

A sensitivity analysis is an assessment of

a) cash flows
c) capital investment

16

d) 1080

Which of the following gas damages the ozone layer?

a) Argon

15

c) 160

For a project to be viable ROI must always be

a) lower than interest rate
c) Equal to interest rate

14

d) 100

What is the heat required to melt 2 kg of ice from Zero degree to liquid water at Zero
degree in kJ at atmospheric condition?
a) 672

13

b) joint implementation
d) sectoral approaches.

If feed of 500 tonnes per hour at 5% concentration is fed to a crystallizer, the product
obtained at 25% concentration is equal to ____ tonnes per hour.
a) 75

12

d) 4.53

b) (first cost / first year benefits) x 100

d) (annual net cash flow / capital cost) x 100

a) emission trading
c) CDM.
11

d) Nuclear

The return on investment (ROI), is expressed as

a) annual cost / capital cost
c) NPV / IRR

10

d) None of the above

The world average per capita CO2 emission is ________ tons per annum.
a) 0.93

c) Nil

Which of the following is a non renewable energy ?

a) Solar

d) Rs. 8264

For all the expenditures in the plant, the value of cash flow at the end of the year will be
a) Positive

c) Rs. 8100

b) 17,000

c) 18,000

d) 80,200

A path is characterized by 4 parameters such as ES = earliest start time, EF = earliest

finish time, LF = latest finish time, LS = latest start time. A path is critical if
a) ES = EF or EF = LF
c) ES = LS or EF = LF

_______________________
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b) ES = LS and EF = LF
d) LF = EF and EF = LS
2

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

18

The monthly electricity bill for a plant is Rs 100 lakhs which accounts for 45% of the total
monthly energy bill. How much is the plants monthly energy bill
a) Rs 222.22 lakhs

19

b) 3000 kg

c) 1400 kg

b) 18 months

b) X-rays

c) Gamma rays

The cost of a heat exchanger is Rs. 1.0 lakh. The simple payback period (SPP) in years
considering annual savings of Rs 60,000 and annual operating cost of Rs 10,000 is
b) 1.66

c) 2.00

d) 6.00

In force field analysis which one of the actions given below do not fall under positive
force?

b) Specific Heat

b) Natural Gas

a) 1 & 2 only

c) Furnace Oil

d) Rice Husk

3) Co-ordinator

b) 1,2 & 3

4) Team leader
c) 1,2 & 4

d) All the four above

A three phase induction motor is drawing 12 amperes at 440 volts. If the operating power
factor is 0.80, then the power drawn by the motor is
a) 4.224 kW

29

d) Sensible Heat

The energy manager has to perform the function of ____.

1) Organizer 2) Planner

28

c) Latent Heat

Among which of the following fuel is the difference between the GCV and NCV maximum?
a) Coal

27

b) high price of energy

d) top management commitment

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 o C is

known as
a) Calorific Value

26

d) UV-A rays

b) kcal/kg clinker
d) All of the above

a) lack of awareness
c) energy efficient technology available
25

d) 6 months

The benchmarking energy performance parameter for a cement plant is

a) 0.50
24

c) 12 months

The ozone layer in the stratosphere acts as an efficient filter for ____

a) kWh/ ton of cement

c) kWh/ton of clinker
23

d) 2800 kg

An investment of Rs.5,00,000 is made for an energy efficient pump. The power reduction
achieved is 10.4 kW. If the energy cost is Rs.4 per kWh. The payback period at 8000 hrs
of operation per annum would be

a) Solar UV- B rays

22

d) None of above

A furnace shell has to be cooled from 90 C to 50 C by circulating cooling water. The

mass of the furnace shell is 2 tonnes, the specific heat of furnace shell is 0.2 kCal/kg oC.
Water is available at 29 oC. The maximum allowed increase in water temperature is 5 oC.
Neglecting the heat loss to surrounding, the quantity of water required to cool the furnace
shell would be

a) 24 months
21

c) Rs 138 lakhs
o

a) 3200 kg
20

b) Rs 45 lakhs

b) 6.1 kW

c) 9.5 kW

d) 7.3 kW

In Project Management, what does the 80/20 Rule say?

a) 20% work consumes 80% of time and resources

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

b) 20% is trivial and 80% is vital work.
c) First 20% work consumes 80% of time and resources.
d) There is no such rule.
30

Air velocity in ducts can be measured by using ___ and manometer

a) Pitot tube

31

b) Orifice meter

b) 3000

c) 2520

b) contracting

b) IRR

b) CUSUM

d) water vapor

c) CPM

b) Gantt chart

d) none of the above

c) PERT

d) Cusum

The annual energy consumption of a plant in the reference year 2006/2007 was 1 lakh
GJ. In the next year 2007/2008, it was 1.12 lakh GJ. Assume no change in the product
mix and output quantity, the plant energy performance (PEP) is
b) 1.2%

c) -9.1%

d) Cant be said

The year in which India ratified the Kyoto protocol ?

a) 1997

40

c) NOx

The simplest technique for scheduling of tasks and tracking progress is

a) -12%
39

d) ROI

The technique which uses three time estimates for project monitoring is

a) CPM
38

c) NPV

b) SOx

a) PERT
37

b) Specific production ratio

d) None of the above

The main constituents of Greenhouse gases (GHG) are

a) CO2 & CH4

36

d) Implementation

Which of the following is not a financial indicator:

a) CPM

35

c) technical design

Energy and production data is useful to calculate

a) Specific Energy Consumption
c) Energy Intensity

34

d) 2670

Proposed new technologies, process modifications, equipment replacements are the

elements of
a) Financing

33

d) Anemometer

An oil-fired boiler operates at an excess air of 20%. If the stochiometic air to fuel ratio is
14 kg of air per kg of oil and oil consumption is 150 kg per hour, then the mass of flue gas
liberated in kg/ hour would be
a) 2100

32

c) Borden gauge

b) 2000

c) 2002

d) 2003

Which of the following is not a duty of an energy manager.

a) Report to BEE
b) Provide the support to accredited energy auditing firm
c) Prepare a scheme for efficient use of energy
d) Sign an energy policy

41

Greenhouse gases approximately make up about ____________ percent of the

atmosphere
a) 2

b) 3

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

c) 1

d) 3.5

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

42

One kWh of electricity is equivalent to how many heat units in Btu ?

a) 746

43

b) 860

b) slack time

c) project time

b) Both a & b

c) Borrowing

d) None of the

Which of the following is the most accurate instrument for surface temperature
measurement of the hot pipe line?
a) Thermocouples
c) Leaf type contact thermometer

46

d) start time

The internal rate of return cannot distinguish between ____________

a) Lending
above

45

d) 12000

The time between its earliest and latest start time, or between its earliest and latest finish
time of an activity is
a) delay time

44

c) 3412

b) Pyrometer
d) All of the above

In a cumulative sum chart, if the graph is horizontal, then

a) nothing can be said
b) actual and calculated energy consumption are the same
c) energy consumption is reduced
d) specific energy consumption is going up

47

The present value of Rs. 1000 in 10 years time at an interest rate of 10% is:
a) Rs. 2594

48

b) Rs. 386

c) Rs. 349

What is ESCO?
a) Energy Saving Company
c) Energy Service Company

49

b) Energy Sourcing Company

d) Energy Section of Company

Which among the following are elements of project management

a) managing resources
c) managing costs

50

d) Rs. 10000

b) managing time and schedule

d) all of the above

While plotting a CUSUM Chart, it is observed that CUSUM during previous month was
12, the same during the current month will be
a) > 12

b) < 12

c) = 12

d) Cant be said

.. End of Section I ...

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

Section II: SHORT DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
(i)
(ii)

S -1

Marks: 8 x 5 = 40

Answer all Eight questions

Each question carries Five marks

A 3 phase AC load draws 10 kW of power at 400 Volts and 16 A line current. Calculate
the power factor of the load.

Ans S 1
Supply Voltage of the System (VL)

= 400

Line current IL

Apparent Power

16 A

x VL x IL

= 1.732 x 0.400 x 16
= 11.084 KVA
Active Power

= 1.732 x VL x IL x (Cos ) = 10 KW

Since, Active power = 10 KW

10= 11.084 Cos
P F = Cos =10.00 / 11.084
PF

= 0.902

S-2

Find out the theoretical Energy required in kWh to melt two ton of steel from an
ambient temperature of 35 oC. Specific heat of steel = 0.160 kCal/kgoC. Latent heat for
melting of steel = 34.4 kCal/kgoC. Melting point of steel = 1600 oC.
Theoretical Total heat required to melt one ton of steel
= Sensible heat + Latent heat
Sensible Heat

=
=

[2000kg x 0.160 kCal/kgoC x (1600 35)oC]

5,00,800 kCal

Latent Heat

=
=

(34.4 kCal/kgoC x 2000kg)

68,800 kCal

Total Heat

=
=

5,00,800 + 68,800
5,69,600 kCal

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

=
=
S-3

5,69,600 / 860
662.32 kWh

In a boiler total losses account for 10% of the fuel input and amounts to 2,00,000
kCal/hr. What is the fuel firing rate in the boiler if furnace oil with a calorific value of
10,000 kCal/kg is used?
Let Y be the total heat supplied to the boiler
Y x (10/100) =
2,00,000
Y
=
20,00,000 kCal/hr
Fuel firing rate

S-4

=
=

20,00,000 / 10,000
200 kg/hr of furnace oil

List FIVE bench marking parameters followed for either equipment or industrial
production.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

kW/ton of refrigeration (on Air conditioning plant)

% thermal efficiency of a boiler plant
% cooling tower effectiveness in cooling tower
kWh/ Nm3 of compressed air
kWh/liter in a diesel power plant
kWh/MT clinker or cement produced( cement industry)
kcal/kWh power produced (heat rate of a power plants)
kWh/MT of liquid metal output ( Steel industry)
kWh/kg yarn (textile industry)

S 5 A 100 tonnes per day (tpd) capacity Chloralakali plant in the year 2005-06
(Reference year) produced 35,000 tonnes per annum (TPA) of caustic soda with an
annual energy consumption of 80 million kWh and during the year 2007-08, the
annual production was 25,000 TPA, with an annual energy consumption of 65 million
kWh. Calculate the Plant Energy Performance.
Ans S 5
Production Factor

Reference year equivalent

= 25000 / 35000
= 0.714

= Reference year energy use x Production factor

= 80 x 0.714

Plant Energy Performance (PEP)

= 57.12 million kWh

= [ (57.12 - 65) / 57.12 ] x 100

= (-) 13.79 %

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

S 6 Calculate fixed electrical energy consumption for a rolling mill consuming 3,50,000
kWh units of electricity to produce 600 MT of product per month and having specific
electrical energy consumption of 500 kWh / MT.
Ans S 6:
Total Energy Consumed

= Fixed Energy Consumption + (Specific Energy

Consumption x Production)

Fixed Energy Consumption

= Total Energy Consumed (Specific energy

consumption x Production)

Total Energy Consumption

= 3,50,000 kWh

Specific energy consumption

= 500 kWh / MT

Total Production

= 600 MT

Therefore, Fixed Energy Consumption = 350000 - (600 x 500)

= 5000 kWh units
S 7: What are the advantages with Simple Payback period technique and

also list down the limitations of Return on Investment technique?

Ans S 7
Simple payback period is widely used investment criterion and offers the following
advantages:
1 It is simple, both in concept and application. Obviously a shorter payback generally
indicates a more attractive investment. It does not use tedious calculations.
2 It favours projects, which generate substantial cash inflows in earlier years, and
discriminates against projects, which bring substantial cash inflows in later years but
not in earlier years.
The limitations with ROI technique are:
It does not take into account the time value of money.

It does not account for the variable nature of annual net cash inflows.
S-8

What are the 3 time estimates used for constructing PERT Network? One of the
activity has 3 time estimates of 7 weeks, 8 weeks and 9 weeks in a PERT Network

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Paper 1 Set B Solutions

diagram. Find out the expected time to complete the activity and its variance of the
activity.
i) Three time estimates are:
a) Optimistic time
b) Most likely time
c) Pessimistic time
Expected time

=
=
=

(OT + 4 x MT + PT)/ 6
(7 + 4 x8 + 9)/6
8

Variance

=
=
=

{(PT OT)/6}2
{(9 7)/6}2
1/9

.. End of Section II ...

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

Section III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

(i)
(ii)

Marks: 6 x 10 = 60

Answer all Six questions

Each question carries Ten marks

L - 1 (i) What is meant by fuel substitution?

(ii) A thermic fluid heater with Furnace Oil is replaced by a Coconut chip fired boiler
having the following details. Find out payback period based on the cost savings.
Avg. efficiency of old system (Fuel Oil fired boiler) = 80 %
Avg efficiency of the new system (Coconut chip fired boiler) = 70%
GCV of FO
GCV of Coconut chips
Heat duty
Annual operating hours
Investment of new system
Cost of FO
Cost of Coconut chips
Sp. Gr. Of Fuel oil

= 10200 kcal / kg
= 4000 kcal / kg
= 20 Lakh kcal / hr
= 7000 Hours
= Rs. 100 Lakhs
= Rs. 20 / litre
= Rs. 3000 / Ton
= 0.90

Ans L-1
i)

Fuel substitution is substituting existing fossil or other fuel

with more efficient and less cost / less polluting fuel such as
natural Gas, Biogas and locally available agro residues etc.

ii)

Existing System: Thermic Fluid Heater with Furnace Oil

GCV
= 10200 kcal / kg
Avg. Thermal Efficiency = 80 %
Heat Duty
= 20 lakh kcal / hr
Fuel consumption / hr

= (20 x 100000) / (0.80 x 10200)

= 245.09 kg / hr

Annual Fuel Consumption = 245.09 x 7000 = 1715630 kg

Annual Fuel Cost
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

= 1715630 x 20 / 0.90
10

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

= Rs. 3.81 Crore
New System : Coconut Chip fired boiler
GCV
= 4000 kcal / kg
Avg. Thermal Efficiency = 70 %
Heat Duty
= 20 lakh kcal / hr
Fuel consumption / hr

= (20 x 100000) / (0.70 x 4000)

= 714.28 kg / hr

Annual Fuel Consumption = 714.28 x 7000 /1000= 5000 ton

Annual Fuel Cost
= 5000 x 3000
= Rs. 1.5 Crore
Annual Cost Savings Rs. Crore
= 3.81 1.50
= 2.31 crore
Pay Back Period
L-2

= (1.00 / 2.31) x 12
= 5.2 months Ans

A company wants to invest Rs. 50Lakhs in a project with an annual return of Rs. 8
Lakhs. The life of the project is 10 years.
1. Find out the IRR of the project.
2. If the interest on capital is 10%, is it worthwhile to invest in the project.

Answer 1:
50,00,000 = [8,00,000 [1/(1+r)1 + 1/(1+r)1+1/(1+r)21/(1+r)10]
The IRR of the project is 10 %.
2.
Since the interest rate on capital is also 10% it is not worthwhile to
invest in the project.

_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

11

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

L-3
a.
b.
c.
d.

Answer the following

Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable energy with example.
How acid rain is formed? And what is its impact.
List two designated consumers as mentioned in EC Act. 2001
Explain briefly about Clean Development Mechanism ?

Answer
a. renewable energy is energy available forever. It does not deplete with time.
Examples are solar, wind, geothermal, hydel etc
Non renewable energy is limited. It depletes with time and consumption.
Examples are oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear
b. Acid rain is formed when SO2 and NOX released from combustion reacts with
water vapor in atmosphere to form sulphuric and nitric acid which then
precipitates as acid rain
Acid rain damages the soil, lakes, rivers, buildings, causes corrosion, affects
human health etc.
c. Aluminium, fertilizes, Iron and steel, Cement, Pulp and paper, Chlor alkali, Sugar,
Textile, Chemicals, Railways, Port trust, Transport sector, Petrochemicals, gas
crackers, Naptha crackers, petroleum refineries, Thermal power stations, Hydel
power stations, electricity transmission companies, distribution companies,
Commercial buildings and establishments.
d. Clean Development mechanism is a process by which Annexe 1 countries
(developed countries with greenhouse gas reduction committment) provide
funding or support for projects in developing countries, which tend to decrease the
greenhouse gas emissions.
L-4

Use CUSUM technique to develop a table and to calculate energy savings for 8
months period. For calculating total energy saving, average production can be taken
as 7,500 MT per month. Refer to field data given in the table below.
Month
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Actual SEC, kWh/MT

316
313
373
339
343
356
327
325

Predicted SEC, kWh/MT

340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340

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Paper 1 Set B Solutions

Ans: L 4:

Month
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC

Actual
SEC,
kWh/MT
316
313
373
339
343
356
327
325

Predicted
SEC, kWh/MT

Diff = ( Act - Pred )

( - = Saving )

CUSUM
( - = Saving )

-24
-27
33
-1
3
16
-13
-15

-24
-51
-18
-19
-16
0
-13
-28

340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340

Positive savings i.e. savings in energy consumption over a period of eight

months are 28 x 7500 = 2,10,000 kWh

L-5

a) How does the Industry, Nation and Globe benefit from energy efficiency
programs?
(b) In a carbonation of a soft drink, the total quantity of Carbon dioxide required is the
equivalent of 5 volumes of gas to one volume of water at 0 oC and atmospheric
pressure. Calculate (I) the mass fraction and (II) the mole fraction of Carbon dioxide in
the drink. Ignore all components other than carbon dioxide and water. Take gas
constant = 0.08206

Ans L 5 (a)
Energy efficiency benefits for Industry, Nation and Globe are as follows.
Industry:
Reduced energy bills
Increased competitiveness
Increased productivity
Improved quality
Increased profits
Nation:
Reduced energy imports
Avoided costs can be used for poverty reduction
Conservation of limited resources
Improved energy security

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

13

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

Globe:
Reduced GHG and other emissions
Maintains a suitable environment

Ans L 5 (b)
.

Basis
Volume of CO2 added
From Gas equation

Molecular wt of CO2
Wt of CO2 added
Mass fraction of CO2

1 m3 of water = 1000kg
= 5 m3
PV = nRT
PV = nRT
1 x 4 = n x0.08206 x273
n = 0.2232 moles
44
0.2232 x 44 = 9.82 kg.
9.82
(1000 + 9.82)
= 9.72 x 10 3

Mole fraction of CO2

0.2232
1000 /18 + 0.2232

= 4 x10 3
L-6

The feed water to a boiler enters the feed water tank at 32 oC where steam from the
same boiler is mixed into it. The mass of the steam mixed is 5% of steam output from
the boiler. The boiler operates with 3% continuous blow down. The enthalpy of the
steam is 593 kCal/kg and specific heat of water is 1 kCal/kg oC. Find out the
temperature of water after the feed water tank. Neglect heat loss if any.

Ans: L 6
Take 100 kg Feed water going into the boiler
Water lost due to 3% blow down
Steam generated

=
=

3 kg
97 kg.

Quantity of steam blown into feed water heater

=
=

5% of 97 kg
4.85 kg.

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

14

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

100 4.85 kg
95.15 kg
32 oC

FEED
WATER
TANK

97%
97kg
BOILER
100%
100kg
T oC

Blowdown
3%
3kg

5% of 97 kg
4.85 kg
593 kCal

Quantity of feed water to feed water heater =

100 4.85
=
95.15 kg

Assume the water temp after feed water heater

Enthalpy of inlet feed water at 32 oC

m Cp t
95.15 x 1 x ( 32 - 0)
=
3044.8 kCal

=
=

Enthalpy of exhaust steam mixing with feed water =

=

T oC

4.85 x 593
2876.05 kCal

Total enthalpy at the inlet of feed water heater

=
3044.8 + 2876.05
=
5920.85 kCal
Enthalpy at the outlet of feed water heater

100 x 1 x T

As there is no heat loss,

Enthalpy Inlet
5920.85
Water temp after feed water heater, T

=
=
=

Enthalpy outlet
100 T
59.20 oC

Note : Flow diagram is not compulsory, it is just for understanding the situation.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

15

Paper 1 Set B Solutions

.. End of Section III ...

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

16