SATII Biology

Q2 Test #1 Practice

l . The most acceptedmodel of enzymefrrnctionis

the
(A) lock andkey model
(B) conformationalhypothesis
(C) substratemodel
(D) inducedfit hypothesis
(E) noneofthe above
An enzymecan overcomethe presenceofa
competitiveinhibitor by
(A) decreasingthe substrateconcentration
(B) increasingthe subshateconcentration
the temperature
1C)increasing
(D) decreasingthe temperature
(E) alteringthe pH
3-

How do enzymeseffect the reactionrate of

chemicalreactions?
(A) Increaserateof reaction
(B) Decreaserateofreaction
(C) Haveno effect
(D) Reversethe reaction
(E) Caneither speedit up or slow it down
dependingon the reaction
Cyanideis poisonousto humansbecauseit
(A)preventscompletegasexchangein alveoli
(B) disruptsastrocytefunction
(C) binds ineversibly to allostericsites
(D) altersblood cell conformation
(E) noneof the above

5. Which of the following is a protease?

(A)Salivaryamylase (D)Orytocin
(E) Sucrase
(B) Pepsin
(C) Maltase
6. Whenan entireenzymepopulationis saturated,
how would the cell increaseproductivity?
(A) Absorbmore heatto denaturethe active site.
@) Add more enzyme.
(C) Increasethe substrateconcentration.
(D) Decreasethe subshateconcenftation.
(E) Add more activesitesto the enzyme.

Dr. Saghafi

Baseyour answersto questions7 and8 on the

informationanddiagrambelow.
A biologist preparesan analysisof the activity of the
enzymemaltase,which promotesthe hydrolysisof
to monosaccharides.Threefl asks
disaccharides
containing10milliliters of 4 percentmaltosein water
arepreparedwith the addition of the substances
descdbedbelow at time zero.
BeakerA: Additionof 0.6 ml 1%MaltaseSolution
BeakerB: Additionof 0.6 ml BoiledMaltase
Solution
BeakerC: Additionof 0.6ml DistilledWater

7. How canthe biologist find proof for enzyme

denaturationby observingstarchdigestionin the
flasks?
(A) CompmeflasksA andB a few minutesafter
time zero.
(B) CompareflasksB andC a few minutesa.fter
time zero.
(C) CompareflasksA andC a few minutesafter
timezero.
(D) Compareflask A at time zero andagainfew
minuteslater.
(E) Compareflask C at time zero andagainfew
minuteslater.
shouldbe
8. After a few minutes.monosaccharides
presentin
(D) flasksA andB
(A) flask A only
(E) flasksA, B andC
(B) flask B only
(C) flaskC only

Q2 Test #1 Practice
Baseyour answersto questions13 and 14 on the
9. Which of the following statementsregarding
following diagram.
enzymesis CORR-ECT?
(A) Theychangethe free energyofthe reaction
(B) Theyusuallyremainunchangedin the
reaction
.17 ilo
fED^
r-----rA
(C) They increasethe activationenergy
(D) Theyarenonspecificin their ability to act on
substratemolecules
(E) Theyarenot affectedby inhibitors
13. The operationof molecule.Bcanbe affectedby
(D)vitamins
(A)pH
10. Baseyour answerto the following questionon
(E) all ofthe above
(B)temperature
the graphbelow.

Mr*M"*M,

(C)urea
A
/\
Relativef
I
Rateol I
EnzymeI t
Action I ,

o24

\
\

pH

Which statementaboutthe graphof enzyme

activity is correct?
(A) All four enzymescanwork togetherat a
certainpH.
(B) EnzymeD works bestat the most acidic pH.
(C) En-rymeD works bestat the most alkaline
pH.
(D) EnzymeA works bestat the mostbasicpH.
(E) Eachenzymeworks in both acidic andbasic
conditions.
1 1 . Enzfmesalter reactionrateby affecting
(A) activationenergy
(B) allostericcompounds
(C) cofactordistribution
(D) covalentattraction
@) substratecomposition

12. In comparisonto plant cell walls, bacterialcell

walls contain
(A)peptidoglycan
(B)starch
(C) phospholipids

(D)cellulose
(E) chitin

14. The diagramdepictsthe ability of moleculeB to

be
(D) remade
(A) conformed
(E) reused
(B) destroyed
(C) induced
15. Baseyour answerto the following questionon
the graphbelow.

z
IIJ Y

FE
ul uJ

i;
<N
JZ

EH
216

8r0

12

pH
Selectthe correctstatementaboutthe graphof
enzymeactivities.
(A) EnzrTme
A works bestat a basicpH.
(B) EnzymeB works bestat an acidic pH.
(C) EnzymeB works bestat a basicpH.
(D) Eachenzymeworks over pH values0 to 14.
(E) Both enzSrmes
work bestat the samepH.

Molecules

Enzyme

Frl
B

The catabolicactivity ofthe enzymedepictedon moleculeD illushates

(C) inducedfit hypothesis
(A) catabolictheory
(D) enzymespecificity
(B) conformationalchange
(E) allostery
17. Prokaryoticcellslack
(A)DNA
(B) mitochondria
(C)cell membrane

(D)ribosomes
(E) cytoplasm

18. Baseyour answerto the followingquestionon

the picturebelow.

lndicatethe structure(s)thoughtto be
descendant
of endosymbioticbacterialcells.
(D)A andB
(A) A only
(E) B andC
(B) C only
(C)A andC
lo

A primary constituentofbacterial cell walls is

(D)phospholipids
(A)peptidoglycan
(B) cellulose
(E) polysaccharides
(C) glucose

Cyanobacteriamay containall ofthese EXCEPT

(A) cell membrane
(D) c1'tochromes
(E) ribosomes
(B) chromatin
(C) mitochondria
of
21. Mitochondriaarethoughtto be descendants
endosymbioticbacterialcells. Which of the
following statementsbestsupportsthis
statement?
(A) Mitochondriaandbacteriapossessdiflerent
ribosomesandDNA.
(B) Mitochondriaaadbacteriapossesssimilar
ribosomesandDNA.
(C) Both mitochondriaandbacteriahavecristae.
(D)Neither mitochondrianor bacteriapossess
chloroplasts.
@) Glycolysisoccursin both mitochondriaand
bacteria.
Prokaryotesand eukaryotestend to havewhich
of the following featuresin common?
(D) Golgi apparatus
(A)Ribosomes
(B) Nuclearmembrane (E) Lysosomes
(C) Mitochondria
23. A cell lacking its microtubuleshasproblems
(A) synthesizingDNA
(B) synthesizingRNA
(C) storingmolecules
(D) hansportingliquid
(E) maintainingits shape

Q2 Test #1 Practice
24. Prokaryotesmay containeachof the following
structuresEXCEPT
(A)lysosomes
(B) cell wall
(C) cell membrane
(D) flagella
(E) photosyntheticapparatus
25. A studentlooking tirough a compoundlight
microscopecorrectlydecidesthat sheis
observinga eukaryoticcell because
(A) mitochondriamevisible
(B) vacuolesarepresent
(C) chlorophyll is present
(D)a cell wall is present
(E) it hasflagella
zo-

The mitochondriaof eukaryotesevolvedfrom

what tlpe of organism?
(A) Anaerobicbacteria
(B) Aerobic bacteria
(C)Euglena
(D)Ameoba
@) Any kind of eukaryote

Baseyour answersto questions30 and31 on the

diasam below.

30. Which of the following mustcontainDNA?

(D)A and D only
(A)A only
(E) A, C and D only
(B) C only
(C)AandConly
Jt.

A cell responsiblefor producinginsulin most

likely hashigh numbersof amountsof
(D)D
(A)A
(B)B
@) noneof the above
(C)C

27. Which of the following containoxidative

enzymesand areimporcantin intracellular
digestion?
(A) Peroxisomes
(B) Plastids
(C)Ribosomes
(D) Golgi apparatus
(E) Endoplasmicreticulum

28. Cells of both angiospermsandmice contain

whichofthe followingorganelles?
(A) Cell membranesandchromosomes
(B) Cell wallsandnuclei
(C)Lysosomes
andribosomes
(D) Centriolesandcell membranes
(E) Chloroplastsandvacuoles

29. A cell at equilibrium with its environmentis

(A)hypertonic
(B) hlpotonic
(C)isobaric

(D) isochoric
(E) isotonic

Proteinsmadeby free ribosomeswill most

likely firnction in which of the following
locations?
(A) Endoplasmicreticulum
(B) Plasmamembrane
(C) Lysosomes
(D) Cytosol
(E) Nucleus

3 3 . Vacuolesbuddingfrom the Golgi apparatusmay

fusewith the cell membrane.This illustratesthe
ideaof
(A) phagocytosis
(B) receptor-mediated
endocltosis
(C) RNA synthesis
(D) secretionof intracellularenzymes
(E) the endomembrane
system

34. Baseyour answerto the following questionon

thefollowingchoices.Selectthe choicethat
bestfits the descriptiongiven. Eachchoicemay
be usedonce,morethan once,or not at all
within this group.
( A ) Cilia andFlagella
( B ) Dynein
( C ) lntermediateFilaments
( D ) Microfilaments
( E ) Tropomyosin
Undergorotatingor undulatingmotion
(D)D
(A)A
(E) E
(B)B
(C)C
Baseyour answersto questions35 and36 on the
diasam below.

cells andGymnospermcells
37. Pseudocoelomate
possess
eachof the following features
both
EXCEPT
(A) centrioles
(B) mitochondria
(C) vacuoles
(D) plasmamembrane
(E) endoplasmicreticulum

3 8 . Centriolesare
(A) containedwithin microtubuleorganizing
centels
@) structuresthat hold chromatidstogether
(C) a period in which DNA is replicated
(D) DNA-protein complexesmakingup
eukaryoticchromosomes
(E) a period of renewedprotein synthesis

39. Baseyour answeron the diagrambelow.

A

CELL N

CELL I

35. What is arrow C pointing to?

(A) vacuole
(B) Golgi apparatus
(C) endoplasmicreticulum
(D)nucleolus
(E) mitochondria
What is arrow A pointing to?
(A) mitochondria
(B) vacuole
(C)ribosomes
(D) golgi apparatus
(E) endoplasmicreticulum

StructureD is
(A)the golgi apparatus
(B) the mitochondria
(C) the centriole
(D) a chloroplast
(E) the endoplasmicreticulum
40. Which of the following elementsis found in the
highestabundancein protoplasm?

(A)Nitrogen
(B)Sultur
(C)Calcium

(D)hon
(E) Phosphorus

4l ' Baseyour answerto the following questionon

the diagramshownbelow.

Chromatinthickenswithin this srrucnre.

(A)A
(B)B

(D)D
(E)E

(C)C
1a

+ J.

Alcoholis detoxifiedin
(A) lysosomes
(B) peroxisomes
(C)roughendoplasmic
reticulum
(D) smoothendoplasmicreticulum
(E) noneof the above
Whichof thefollowingcanbepresentin both
animalandplantcells?
I. centrioles
II. chloroplasts
III. mitochondria
(A) I only
(D) I and III only
(B) II only
(E) I, II andIII
(C)III only

44. En4tnes may be found in all of the followins

EXCEPT
(A) inner mitochondrialmembrane
(B) nuclearenvelope
(C)cell wall
(D) cell membrane
(E) peroxisomes

45. Programmedcell deathis known as

(A) anabolism
(B) apoptosis
(C) catalysis

(D) decomposition
(E) denaturation

cg_
| 46. Chloroplastsaremostly locatedin what part of
theplantcell?
(A) Mitochondria
(D) Upper epidermis
(B) Chlorophyll
(E) Grana
(C) Mesophylltissue
47. Which of the following is NOT oneof the
functionsof the smoothendoplasmicreticulum?
(A) Synthesis
of secretory
proteins.
(B) Synthesisof lipids.
(C) Detoxificationof drugs.
(D) Metabolismof carbohydrates.
(E) Release
ofcalcium durinqmuscle
contraction.
48. Whatis thefunctionof centrioles?
(A) They causecytokinesisby the concentric
shorteningof microtubules.
(B) Theyproducemicrotubulesfor the
chromosomesto migratealongastheymove
to oppositepolesof thecell.
(C) They arerequiredfor DNA replication
(D) They enablebacteriato move
(E) Noneof the above
49. All of the following statementsaboutorganelles
aretrue EXCEPT
(A) vacuolesaremembrane-enclosed,
fluid_
filled spaces
(B) ribosomes
arethe sitesofprotein synthesis
(C) golgi apparatuscontainspowerful oxidative
en4lmes
(D) the nucleusprovidesphysicalseparation
betweentranscriptionandtranslation
(E) centriolesfunctionin cell division
50. Whichof thefollowingorganelles
is involvedin
storage,modification,andpackagingof
secretory
productsproducedby theribosomes?
(A) Thelysosome
(B) Themitochondrion
(C)The endoplasmic
reticulum
(D) The Golgi apparatus
(E) Thenucleolus

Q2 Test #1 Practice
to
51. In plants,how is theliving contentconnected
adjacentcells?
(D) Gapjunctions
(A) Pores
(E) Desmosomes
(B) Tight junctions
(C) Plasmodesmata
52. In humancells.thecell wall is
and
(A) composedof polysaccharides
pepidoglycans
(B) acting asa barrierthat selectivelypermits
materialsinto andout ofthe cell
(C) responsiblefor limiting the absorptionof
water
(D) involved in controlling cellular mitosis
(E) not present
elements
53. Whichof the followingcytoskeletal
formsthe centrioleswithin a cell?
(A) Collagen
(B) Microtubules
(C) Microfilaments
@) Intermediatefilaments
(E) Pseudopodia
54. Which of the following connectsthe other
andthe organelles
cltoskeletal substances
within a cell?
(A) Microtrabeculae
(B) Microtubules
(C)Microfilaments
(D)Endoplasmicreticulum
(E) Golgi Apparatus

55. Cytolysisin protozoanswill mostlikely occur

becauseof malfrrnctioning
(A) contractilevacuoles
(B) endoplasmicreticulum
(C)peroxisomes
(D) leukoplasts
(E) tonoplasts
56. Which of the following structuresdoesNOT
havea membranein an animalcell?
(D) Ribosome
(A) Microtubules
(B) Nucleus
@) Mitochondria
(C)Vacuole

57. PersonA spendsher time at the library on the

weekends
andrefrainsfrom consumingany
drugsor alcohol. However,personB consumes
a largequantityof alcoholanddrugsnumerous
timesa week.
Which of the following organellesis responsible
for personB's increasedtolerancefor drugsand
alcohol?
(A)Lysosomes
(B) Peroxisomes
(C)Ribosomes
(D) Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
(E) Golgi apparutus
58. Baseyour answerto the following questionon
the picturebelow.

Which statementaboutthe organelleshownis

INCORRECT?
(A) It is responsiblefor convertingenergyfrom
organicmoleculesilto useful energyfor the
cell
(B) The basisof energyin the cell is ADP
(C) It hasa characteristicdoublemembrane
(D) It hasfolds known ascristae
(E) The organelleis found in plant cells

59. Recyclingof cellularmaterialsis a process

known as
(A) autophagy
@) autosomy
(C) conservation

(D) redistribution
(E) noneof the above

Q2 Test #1 Practice
throughthe nuclearmembraneis
60. Passage
regulatedby
(A) densechromatinregions
(B) embeddedproteinsin ring conformation
(C)microtubules
(D) nucleolusRNA
(E) roughendoplasmicreticulum
6 1 . What is the main role of the endoplasmic
reticulum?
(A) Intracellulartransport
(B) Proteinsynthesis
(C)Intracellulardigestion
(D) Cellular respiration
(E) Muscle contraction

62. All of the following statementsaboutthe

digestivepropertiesofa lysosomearecoffect
EXCEPT
(A)the Golgi apparatussendsvesiclesfilled
with hydrolytic enzymesto the lysosome
(B) lysosomesfusewith food vacuolesformed
from phagocytosis
(C) lysosomecontentscankill a cell uponfirst
contactwith t}le cytosol
pumpsH* from the
(D)the lysosomalmembrane
cytosolinto its lumen
(E) lysosomescanprogramthe deathof the cell
in which it is contained

63. All of the following arefunctionsof vacuoles

EXCEPT
(A)temporaryreceptaclesof nutrients
@) storestarch,pigmentsandtoxic substances
(C) exertturgor on cell walls
(D)collectandpurnpexcesswaterout ofthe cell
(E) break-downof toxic substances
64. The ability of cells to carry out different
processessimultaneouslyis maximizedby
(A) compartmentalization
(B) an endomembrane
system
(C) enzyrnes
(D) increasedsurfacearea
(E) all of the above

65. During the creationof a secretoryprotein,a

vacuolewill travel which of the following
pathways?
(A) nucleolus- Golgi apparatus- ribosome
- plasmamembrane
(B) nucleus- RER - Golgi apparatusplasmamembrane
(C) nucleus- RER- lysosome
- plasma
membrane
(D)plasmamembrane- SER- ribosomenucleus
(E) ribosome- Golgi apparatus
- nucleolus
- plasmamembrane
66. A studentlooking tlrough a light microscopein
the lab finds manysmall structuresin a sample
of pondwater.
The studentcould haveseenall ofthe following
EXCEPT
(A)frog eggs
(B) animalcell nucleus
(C) plant cell mitochondria
(D) bacteria
(E) animalcell ribosomes

67' A cell regulatesmaabolic pathwaysby controlling the variousactivities

of its eazymes.

(a)Discussthediffferences
betweena catabolicpa&wayandananabolicpathway.
(b) Ihccribe theconfomrational
changes
ttratresuttOrulagullostoi" o"g,i;-o'o-i1anenzyme.
68. Manyeukaryoticcellsrely onthestucturaladvantages
ofcilia.
(a)Describetheintemarstructureof cifu andexplninhowform
fits firnction.
(b) D,escribe
theciliatemotionofdynein.\rnlking.,,
(c) Dircnsstheimportance
of cilia withinthehumanbodv,

Q2 Test #1 Practice
Answer Key

1.D

25.

49.

2. B

26.

50.

3.

27.

51.

28.

52.

5. B

29.

53.

6. B

30.

54.

7.

31.

55.

8.

32.

56.

9. B

JJ.

57.

+.

10.

34.

58.

11.

35.

59.

t2.

36.

60.

13.

Jt.

61.

14.

38.

62.

15.

39.

63.

t6.

40.

64.

17.

4t.

65.

18.

A1

66.

+J.

o/.

19.

20.

44.

21.

45.

22.

40.

23.

47.

24.

48.

organismtakecomplex
moleculesandbreak
them down into simpler'
compounds,releasing
the storedenergy. The
releasedenergycannow
be usedby the cell to
perform work. In
contrastto catabolic
pathways,anabolic
pathwaystake simpler
moleculesandbuild
complexmolecules.
This pathwayconsumes
energy,insteadof
releasingit. An example
of this pathwaywould
be to takemonomers
andmakethem into
polymers.
(b) Regulationofa cell
is accomplishedby the
closemonitoring of the
enzlmesin metabolic
pathways.An allosteric
enz1rme
oscillates
betweentwo enzymatic
states,onethat is active,
andanotheronethat is
inactive. The allosteric
site of the enrymeis a
site that is separatefrom
the activesite, and
causesthe enrymeto
changeshape,
preventingor allowing
the entranceof a
substratemoleculeinto
the active site. The
inhibition or stimulation
of an allosteric
enzyme'sactivity is an
effectiveway to regulate
metabolicactivity
within a cell.

(a) The metabolismof

an organismis a tightly
regulatedeventthat is
concemedwith
managingmaterialsand
energyfesources.
Metabolicpathwayscan
be divided into two
subtopics.The catabolic
pathwayswithin an
68.

Q2 Test#1Practice
AnswerKey

system,andwith the
Cilia areusually
helpof mucous,catch
presentin large
quantitieson the surface debristhat enters
throughthe noseand
of cells. The internal
structureis importantin mouth,preventingit
understandinghow cilia from enteringthe lungs.
Cilia canalsobe found
functionswithin the
the reproductive
of
within
the
body
cell. Within
systemof females,along
the cilia are
microtubulesarranged the fallopiantubes. The
'n u"9 +2" arrangement.cilia aid the transportof
Proteinsattacheachring the olum from the ovary
of microtubuledoublet to the uterus.
to the plasmamembrane
of thecilia and"spokes"
attachthe outerdoublets
to two inner
microtubulesin the
center. The location and
numberof microtubules
within the sing.lecilia
makethe structurea
powerhousefor
movement.
Dynein "walking"
refersthe movementsof
the proteinsattaching
onemicrotubuledoublet
to the next. Througha
repeatedgrip andrelease
motion, similar to that in
musclecontraction,the
cilia createsa beating
motion. Themotionis
referredto as "walking"
becauseof the protein,
dynein,attachingto one
microtubuledoublet,
releasing,andthen
reattachingfurther down
the samemicrotubule.
Within the human
body,cilia are
responsiblefor the
movementof materials
along. For example
cilia line the respiratory