South Node Star Graffias

*South Node
Graffias
Influences of the 15th Hindu Moon Mansion Anuradha: Ruled by Saturn. A soft asterism
belonging to the Shudra caste and favorable for friendship, married love, purchase and
making of clothes and ornaments, music and auspicious deeds when containing the
Moon. Those born on the lunar day will be valiant, influential and keep vehicles. With
Moon here at birth native will be wealthy, of wandering habits, unable to bear hunger and
resident abroad. Rules fields overgrown with flowers, and the stomach. [Robson*, p.81.]
Please note: This star, Acrab, or beta Scorpius, is listed under the name Graffias in
Robson's book.
In India it also was sacred as Brahma Ridaya, the Heart of Brahma; and Hewitt
considers Capella, or Arcturus, the Aryaman, or Airyaman, of the Rig Veda.
The ancient Peruvians, the Quichuas, whose language is still spoken by their descendants,
appear to have devoted much attention to the stars; and Jose' de Acosta, the Spanish
Jesuit and naturalist of the 16th century, said that every bird and beast on earth had its
namesake in their sky. He cited several of their stellar titles, identifying this star with
Colca, singularly prominent with their shepherds, as Capella was with the same class on
the Mediterranean in ancient days; indeed in later also, for the Shepherd's Star has been
applied to it by our English poets, although more commonly to the planet Venus.
Tennyson, in some fine lines in his Maud, mentions it as "a glorious crown."
[Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning, Richard Hinckley Allen, 1889].
*Lilith
Vega
Alpha () Lyra, Vega, is a pale sapphire star in the Lyre.
In Holland's translation of Pliny it is the Harp-star.
The Romans made much of it, for the beginning of their autumn was indicated by its
morning setting. It was this star that, when the hour of its rising was alluded to, called
forth Cicero's remark, "Yes, if the edict allows it," a contemptuous reference to
Caesar's arbitrary, yet sensible, interference with the course of ancient time in the
reformation of the calendar, an interference that occasioned as much dissatisfaction in his
day as did Pope Gregory's reform in the 16th century.
At one time Vega was the Pole-star called in Akkadian Tir-anna ("Life of Heaven"), and
in Assyrian Dayan-same ("Judge of Heaven"), as having the highest seat therein;
but fourteen millenniums have passed since Wega occupied that position!
The Chinese included alpha ( Vega) with epsilon () and zeta () in their Chih Neu, the
Spinning Damsel, or the Weaving Sister, at one end of the Magpies' Bridge over the
Milky Way, Aquila, their Cow Herdsman, being at the other; but the story, although a
popular one not only in China, but also in Korea and Japan, is told with many variations,
parts of Cygnus sometimes being introduced.
These same three stars were the 20th nakshatra, Abhijit, Victorious, the most northern of
these stellar divisions and far out of the moon's path, but apparently utilized to bring in
this splendid object; or, as Mueller says, because it was of specially good omen, for under
its influence the gods had vanquished the Asuras; these last being the Hindu divinities of
evil, similar to the Titans of Greece. It was the doubtful one of that country's lunar
stations, included in some, but omitted in others of their lists in all ages of their
astronomy, and entirely different from the corresponding manzil and sieu, which lay in
Capricorn. The Hindus figured it as a {p.286} Triangle, or as the three-cornered nut of
the aquatic plant Cringata, Wega marking its junction with the adjoining ravana.
Hewitt says that in Egypt it was Ma'at, the Vulture-star, when it marked the pole, this
was 12,000 to 11,000 B.C. (!), and Lockyer, that it was the orientation point of some
of the temples at Denderah long antecedent to the time when gamma Draco (Etamin)
and Ursa Major (Dubhe) were so used, probably 7000 B.C., one of the oldest
dates claimed by him in connection with Egyptian temple worship.
Owing to precession, it will be the Polaris of about 11,500 years hence, by far the
brightest in the whole circle of successive pole-stars, and then 4 from the exact point,
as it was about 14,300 years ago. In 1880 it was 5120' distant. Professor Lewis Boss and
Herr Stumpe place near it the Apex of the Sun's Way.
With epsilon () and zeta () it formed one of the Arabs' several Athfiyy, this one being
"of the people," while the others, fainter in Aries, Draco, Musca, and Orion, were "of the
astronomers"; for sky objects are often very plain to them that are invisible to the
ordinary observer.
Vega, along with Deneb Adige in the Swan, and Altair in the Eagle, forms the Great
Summer Triangle. [Robson*].
The Lunar Mansions
Alpha ( Vega) with epsilon () and zeta () were the 20th nakshatra, Abhijit, Victorious,
the most northern of these stellar divisions and far out of the moon's path, but apparently
utilized to bring in this splendid object; or, as Mueller says, because it was of specially
good omen, for under its influence the gods had vanquished the Asuras; these last being
the Hindu divinities of evil, similar to the Titans of Greece. The symbol is a Triangle or
Three-Cornered Nut. It is an asterism belonging to the Vaisya caste (traders) and is used
only in horary astrology. [Robson*, p.84.]
No further astrological influences are given for Abhijit by Robson.
The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra

Legend: Mercury found the body of a tortoise cast up by the Nile, and discovered that by
striking the sinews after the flesh was consumed a musical note was obtained. He made a
lyre of similar shape, having three strings, and gave it to Orpheus, the son of Calliope,
who by its music enchanted the beasts, birds and rocks. After Orpheus was slain by the
Thracian women, Jupiter placed the lyre in heaven at the request of Apollo and the
Muses. This constellation was often called Vultur Cadens, or the Falling Grype by the
ancients. [Robson*, p.50.]
Influences: "According to Ptolemy Lyra (a musical instrument) is like Venus and
Mercury. It is said to give an harmonious, poetical and developed nature, fond of music
and apt in science and art, but inclined to theft. By the Kabalists it is associated with the
Hebrew letter Daleth and the 4th Tarot Trump, The Emperor". [Robson*, p.51.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra given by Manilius:
"... and one may see among the stars the Lyre, its arms spread apart in heaven, with which
in time gone by Orpheus charmed all that his music reached, making his way even to the
ghosts of the dead and causing the decrees of hell to yield to his song. Wherefore it has
honour in heaven and power to match its origin: then it drew in its train forests and rocks;
now it leads the stars after it and makes off with the vast orb of the revolving sky".
[Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 1, p.30]
"Next, with the rising of the Lyre, there floats forth from Ocean the shape of the tortoiseshell testudinis), which under the fingers of its heir (Mercury) gave forth sound only after
death; once with it did Orpheus, Oeagrus' son, impart sleep to waves, feeling to rocks,
hearing to trees, tears to Pluto, and finally a limit to death. Hence will come endowments
of song and tuneful strings, hence pipes of different shapes which prattle melodiously,
and whatever is moved to utterance by touch of hand or force of breath. The child of the
Lyre will sing beguiling songs at the banquet, his voice adding mellowness to the wine
and holding the night in thrall. Indeed, even when harassed by cares, he will rehearse
some secret strain, tuning his voice to a stealthy hum and, left to himself, he will ever
burst into song which can charm no ears but his own. Such are the ordinances of the Lyre,
which at the rising of Libra's twenty-sixth degree will direct its prongs to the stars".
[Manilius, book 5, Astronomica, 1st century AD, p.327].
The astrological influences of the star Vega

Note: Vega is listed under Wega in Robson's book Fixed Stars and Constellations in
Astrology.
According to Ptolemy it is of the nature of Venus and Mercury; and, to Alvidas, of Saturn
in trine to Jupiter from the earthy signs especially Capricorn and Taurus. It gives
beneficence, ideality, hopefulness, refinement and changeability, and makes its natives
grave, sober, outwardly pretentious and usually lascivious. [Robson*, p.216.]
In a good cosmic configuration, Vega is supposed to give artistic talents especially for
music and acting, but also a liking for good living. With eccentric artists, this may lead to
a debauched life. Tied up with Jupiter or Venus, Vega is said to pave the way to riches
and fame. However, if other influences play a part, this wealth may be lost again. High
success is promised if Vega is positioned on the Asc or MC. One can find Vega in
corresponding aspects in birth charts of statesmen, politicians, persons of importance and
influential persons with adequate aspects. In connection with the Moon or Neptune a
tendency for occult and mysticism may be given. [Fixed Stars and Their Interpretation,
Elsbeth Ebertin, 1928, p.75-76.]
Associated with wealth and pretentiousness. [Larousse Encyclopedia of astrology].
If Rising: Can be trained in duties of court. Avengers of crimes and in charge of public
courts and inquires. If Saturn is in any aspect with Vega when rising, the native will
pursue this vocation with a fanaticism to the point of utilizing tortures and executions to
stamp out what he considers evil. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, George Noonan,
1990, p.12.]
With Sun: Critical, abrupt, reserved, unpopular, fleeting honors, influential position,
insincere friends. If with Mars also, above the earth, and the Moon be with Procyon,
death from the bite of a mad dog. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Moon: Public disgrace, probably through forgery, loss through writings, some illhealth, success in business, gain through an annuity or pension. If a malefic be with
Scheat, violent death. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Mercury: Suspicious, reserved, bitter, thwarted ambitions, double dealing, secret
enemies in influential positions, trouble with the mother, loss in business. [Robson*,
p.217.]
With Venus: Hard-hearted, cold, miserly, ill-health, ugliness or deformity. [Robson*,
p.217.]
With Mars: Scientific interests, unpopular opinions, moral courage, favorable for gain.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Jupiter: Loss through legal affairs, favorable for gain, danger of imprisonment.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Saturn: Strong passions, opinionated, original, many Mercurial difficulties,
reputation suffers through wrongful accusations, trouble with superiors, domestic
difficulties, few, if any, children, latter half of life more favorable, sudden death.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Uranus: Critical, abrupt, reserved, strong passions, materialistic, many
disappointments, domestic sorrow, much gain and loss, many open and secret enemies,
accidental or violent death. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Neptune: Timid, fond of music, occult interests, practical and scientific mind,
associated with occult societies, material success, home may be broken up, liable to
accidents, natural death in old age especially when Mars is in favorable aspect. [Robson*,
p.217.]
References:
*[Fixed Stars and Constellations in Astrology, Vivian E. Robson, 1923].
This star and Dschubba (both stars on the head of Scorpio) are supposed to correspond to
a Mars character with a blend of Saturn characteristics. Dr Koch is of the opinion that
both these stars are 'doubtful'. The effect of these two stars has yet to be researched more
fully. According to tradition, these stars are credited with giving the ability to do research,
and especially research into things of a particularly secret and hidden nature. For this to
be however, further influence of the sign Scorpio and planets Mercury and Uranus have
also to be present; preferably these stellar bodies would be positioned on the MC or
Ascendant and be near another stellar body pointing to mental capabilities. In lower
types, however, a tendency to falsehood and treason can be noted. Both stars are a poor
augury for material wealth. There will be difficulties, impediments, or loss, dependent
upon the position these have in the cosmogram. In mundane maps, there is an indication
of mass catastrophes, should either Mars, Saturn or Uranus be in these first degrees of
Sagittarius, especially in an angular position. [Fixed Stars and Their Interpretation,
Elsbeth Ebertin, 1928, p.69.]
Influences: According to Ptolemy this constellation is of the nature of Saturn and Venus.
It is said to give haughtiness, boastfulness and exaggerated pride, but at the same time the
power of commanding respect. It is associated by the Kabalists with the Hebrew letter
Beth and the 2nd Tarot Trump "The High Priestess." [Robson*, p.36.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Cassiopeia given by Manilius:
"Cassiope will produce goldsmiths who can turn their work into a thousand different
shapes, endow the precious substance with yet greater value, and add thereto the vivid
hue of Jewels. From Cassiope come the gifts of Augustus which gleam in the temples he
consecrated, where the blaze of gold rivals the sun's brightness and the fires of gems flash
forth light out of shadow. From Cassiope come the memorials of Pompey's triumph of old
and the trophies which bear the features of Mithridates: they remain to this very day,
spoils undimmed by the passage of time, their sparkle as fresh as ever.
"From Cassiope come the enhancement of beauty and devices for adorning the body:
from gold has been sought the means to give grace to the appearance; precious stones
have been spread over head, neck, and hands and golden chains have shone on snowwhite feet. What products would a grand lady like Cassiope prefer her sons to handle
rather than those she could turn to her own employments? And that material for such
employment should not be lacking, she bids men look for gold beneath the ground,
uproot all which nature stealthily conceals, and turn earth upside down in search of gain;
she bids them detect the treasure in lumps of ore and finally, for all its reluctance, expose
it to a sky it has never seen. The son of Cassiope will also count greedily the yellow
sands, and drench a dripping beach with a new flood; he will make small weights to
measure the tiny grains, or else will collect the wealth of gold-foaming Pactolus
[Pactolus]; or he will smelt lumps of silver, separating the hidden metal and causing the
mineral to flow forth in a running stream; otherwise he will become a trader of the metals
produced by these two craftsmen, ever ready to change coinage of the one metal into
wares of the other. Such are the inclinations which Cassiope will fashion in those born
under her" [Manilius, Astronomica, book 5, 1st century AD, p.343.]
References:
*Venus
Atlas
Fl. 27 Taurus, or f, Atlas, is a double star, 4.5, intense white, and one of the Pleiades, a
group of stars on the shoulder of the Bull.

See Alcyone, the chief star in the Pleiades, for astrological interpretations.
Legend: Atlas was the father of the Hyades and Pleiades (see Alcyone) who was
condemned to support the weight of the heavens on his head and hands. Other names for
Atlas were: "The Endurer", "Titan bearing up the Heavens". In the human body, the atlas
is the top or first cervical vertebra of the neck which supports the skull. Atlas (a star in
Taurus) was believed by some mythologists to be the originator of the constellations
(others say it was Chiron identified with Centaurus who invented them).
Mythologically speaking, Atlas and Pleione are not Pleiades, but rather the parents of the
Seven Sisters. Atlas precessed to 0GEM00 in 1974.
from p.408 of Star Names, Richard Hinckley Allen, 1889.
Atlas was Pater Atlas with the Italian astronomer Riccioli (1598-1671), apparently
having been added in his day to the original group of the seven daughters. It was of him
that Ovid (43 B.C.-18?A.D.) wrote:
"Pleiades incipiunt umeros relevare paternos;"
for their setting relieved the father of some of his burden as bearer of the heavens.
With Pleione it marks the end of the handle of the Pleiad Dipper, and probably has a very
minute, close companion, said to have been discovered by Struve in 1827, and again
revealed, at an occultation by the moon, on the 6th of January, 1876.
Pleione
Fl. 28 Taurus, Pleione, is one of the Pleiades, a group of stars on the shoulder of the Bull.
Legend: Mother of the Pleiades and Atlas' first wife. Pleione from Plein,`to sail', making
Pleione "sailing queen" and her daughters "sailing ones." Ancient Greek sailors were
cautioned to sail only during the months when the Pleiades were visible. Mythologically
speaking, Atlas and Pleione are not Pleiades, but rather the parents of the Seven Sisters.
But as Pleione was the mother of the seven sisters, it seems likely that it was from her
name this title, Pleiades, originated.
"Hinc sata Pleione cum caelifero Atlante Jungitur, ut fama est, Pleiadasque parit."
Ovid's Fasti.
Pleione, the Italian astronomer Riccioli's (15981671) Mater Pleione, and Plione, were
equally modern additions, although Valerius Flaccus used the word to personify the
whole.
As the spectrum of this star shows the bright lines of hydrogen like that of P Cygni,
Pickering suggests that it may similarly have had a temporary brilliancy and thus be the
Lost Pleiad: a scientific and if there ever has been in historic time a star in the cluster
that is now missing the most probable solution of this much discussed question; so
that the mother seems to have been lost, as well as many of the daughters!
Taygeta
Fl. 19 Taurus, Taygeta, or epsilon (), is a double star, 5.1 and 10, lucid white and violet.
One of the Pleiades or Seven Sisters, a group of stars on the shoulder of the Bull.
Legend: In Greek mythology Taygeta yielded to Zeus' advances only when unconscious,
but was so ashamed when she recovered that she hid herself under Mount Taygetus, in
Laconia. In due course she gave birth to Lacedmon, founder of Sparta. It was also said
that in order to protect her from Zeus, Artemis disguised her as a doe. When she was
restored to her original form, Taygete in gratitude dedicated the Ceryneian Hind to the
goddess which was to become the golden horns that Heracles (3rd labor) had to fetch.
[Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Pierre Grimal, Penguin, 1986].
"Taygete simul os terris ostendit honestum Pleias." Vergil's (70-19 B.C.) 4th Georgic.
Fl. 19 Taurus, Taygeta, or epsilon (), Double, 5.1 and 10, lucid white and violet.
Taygete, or Taygeta, a name famous in Spartan story for the mother of Lacedaemon by
Zeus, was mentioned by Ovid (43 B.C.-18?A.D.) and Vergil (70-19 B.C.) as another
representative of this stellar family; the former calling it Soror Pleiadum, and the latter
using it to fix the two seasons of the honey harvest, as in Davidson's translation of the
passage beginning with our motto:
"as soon as the Pleiad Taygete has displayed her comely face to the earth, and spurns with
her foot the despised waters of the ocean; or when the same star, flying the constellation
of the watery Fish, descends in sadness from the sky into the wintery waves."
The 15th century Tartar astronomer Ulug Beg applied to it Al Wasat, the Central One,
usually and more appropriately given to Alcyone.
The 17th century German astronomer Bayer lettered it q, describing it as Pleiadum
minima; but the Century Cyclopedia's epsilon is a misprint for e.
"And is there glory from the heavens departed ? Oh! void unmarked!thy sisters of
the sky Still hold their place on high, Though from its rank thine orb so long hath started,
Thou, that no more art seen of mortal eye." Mrs. Hemans' The Lost Pleiad.
Atiks
Omicron () Perseus, Atiks, is a double star of 4th and 9th magnitudes marking the left
sandal of the Champion.
This star marks the left sandal that Perseus is wearing. In mythology Hermes/Mercury,
the messenger-god, presented Perseus with wings for his sandals so that he could move
swiftly through space, these winged sandals also allowed him to hover in space which he
did while conversing with Andromeda.
The Arabic spelling for Atik is Al-'Atiq, (1) "The shoulder" of the Pleiades (meaning
close to the Pleiades - as it is in longitude) - early Arabic astronomy had many different
figures for the constellations from which we inherit the star names.
Omicron (), of the 5th magnitude, was Gorgonea quarta.
*Chiron
Syrma
Iota () Virgo, Syrma, is a star in the train of the Virgin's dress.
Syrma is from Greek Surma, used by the second-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy to
designate this star on the Train of the Virgin's robe.
Iota ( Syrma), with kappa () and phi () it was mentioned in the first Arabian
translation of the Syntaxis as being in the h-imar, or "skirt," of the garment; but the
translator of the Latin edition of 1515, missing the point at the first letter, read the word
as himar, "an ass," so that this central one of these three stars strangely appears in that
work as in asino. They formed the 13th manzil (Arabic Moon Mansion), Al Ghafr, the
Covering, as the English astronomer Smyth (1788-1865) explains,
"because the beauty of the earth is hidden when they rise on the 18th Tishrin, or 1st of
November; others say on account of the shining of the stars being lessened as if covered;"
but the 13th century Persian astronomical writer Al Kazwini,
"because, when they rise, the earth robes herself in her splendour and finery, her
summer robes."
The Arabic word, however, is analogous to Greek Surma, and so may have been taken
from the second-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy; although the Persian astronomer Al
Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) quoted from Al Zajjaj Al Ghafar, the Tuft in the Lion's tail,
which it may have marked in the figure of the ancient Asad [Arabs had an enormous
Lion, their early Asad, extending over a third of the heavens, of which the stars Arcturus
and Spica were the shin-bones; Regulus, the forehead; the heads of Gemini, one of the
fore paws; Canis Minor, the other; and Corvus, the hind quarters. Many Arab starnames
come from this tradition. Star Names p.97.] Another signification of the word Ghafr is the
"Young Ibex." The Persian astronomer Al Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) also said that the Arabs
considered this the most fortunate of their lunar stations, as lying between the evils of the
Lion's teeth and claws on one side and the tail and venom of the Scorpion on the other,
and quoted from a Rajaz poet:
"The best night forever Lies between Al Zubanah and Al Asad;"
adding that the horoscope of the Prophet lay here, and that the date of the birth of Moses
coincided with it.
As a lunar station these stars were the Sogdian Iranian Sarwa and the Khorasmian (east
of Persia) Shushak, the Leader; the Persian Hucru, the Good Goer; and the Coptic
people of Egypt Khambalia, Crooked-clawed, lambda ( Khambalia) being substituted
for phi (); and it is said that they were the Akkadian Lu Lim, the He Goat, Gazelle, or
Stag, the original perhaps also meaning "King," and employed for delta ( Auva).
Iota ( Syrma) alone, according to Hommel, was the Death Star, Mulu Bat.
Iota ( Syrma), kappa (), and upsilon () constituted the 13th sieu (Chinese Moon
Mansion), Kang, a Man's Neck, kappa () being the determining star; while, with the
preceding station, the united group was Sheu sing, as Edkins writes it, the Star of Old
Age; and, with others near, it may have been included in the Tien Mun mentioned at the
star eta ( Zaniah).
The Lunar Mansions
Iota ( Virgo), Syrma, with kappa () and phi () formed the 13th manzil (Arabic Moon
Mansion), Al Ghafr, the Covering. Another signification of the word Ghafr is the
"Young Ibex." The Persian astronomer Al Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) said that the Arabs
and quoted from a Rajaz poet: "The best night forever Lies between Al Zubanah and Al
Asad;"
Influences of the 13th Arabic Moon Mansion Al Ghafr: Favorable for extracting
treasures, digging pits, helps divorce, discord, the destruction of houses and enemies, and
hinders travelers.
With the Moon transiting here: unfortunate for anything. [Robson*, p.72.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo

Legend: This constellation is said to represent Erigone, daughter of Icarius, who hanged
herself through grief at the death of her father (Bootes). According to other accounts it is
Astraea, daughter of one of the Titans, who sided with the Gods against her own father.
[Robson*, p.66.]
Influences: Ptolemy makes the following observations; "The stars in the head of Virgo,
and that at the top of the southern wing, operate like Mercury and somewhat like Mars:
the other bright stars in the same wing, and those about the girdle, resemble Mercury in
their influence, and also Venus, moderately . . . those at the points of the feet and at the
bottom of the garments are like Mercury, and also Mars, moderately." By the Kabalists it
is associated with the Hebrew letter Gimel and the 3rd Tarot Trump "The Empress."
[Robson*, p.66-67.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo given by Manilius:
"spicifera est Virgo Cereris" "The Virgin with her sheaf belongs to Ceres".
[Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.117]
"Virginis in propriam descendunt ilia sortem", "the belly comes down to the Maid as
her rightful lot" [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.119]
"At her rising Erigone (Virgo), who reigned with Justice over a bygone age and fled
when it fell into sinful ways, bestows high eminence by bestowing supreme power; she
will produce a man to direct the laws of the state and the sacred code; one who will tend
with reverence the hallowed temples of the gods." [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century
AD, p.265]
"The temperaments of those whose span of life she pronounces at their birth Erigone
(Virgo) will direct to study, and she will train their minds in the learned arts. She will give
not so much abundance of wealth as the impulse to investigate the causes and effects of
things. On them she will confer a tongue which charms, the mastery of words, and that
mental vision which can discern all things, however concealed they be by the mysterious
workings of nature. From the Virgin will also come the stenographer: his letter represents
a word, and by means of his symbols he can keep ahead of utterance and record in novel
notation the long speech of a rapid speaker. But with the good there comes a flaw:
bashfulness handicaps the early years of such persons, for the Maid, by holding back their
great natural gifts, puts a bridle on their lips and restrains them by the curb of authority.
And (small wonder in a virgin) her offspring is not fruitful." [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st
century AD, p.237 and 239]
The astrological influences of the star Syrma

Said to be prominent in the charts of Mohammed and Moses, the Arabs considered this
star as the most fortunate of their lunar stations. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology,
George Noonan, 1990, p.32.]
Iota Virgo, Syrma, or Surma by its Greek titles, Al Ghafar is the name in in Arabic. Al
Ghafar means to cover, to protect and to suppress. The significance of this star and title
lies firstly in the heavy personal responsibility which is implicit in the occult questing and
acquisition of spiritual power seen in Khambalia (6 Scorpius) and secondly in the Islamic
concept of Istighafar. [The Living Stars, Dr. Eric Morse, p.74.]
References:
*Ascendant
Alkes
[A scanned copy can be viewed on this webpage]
Alpha () Crater, Alkes, is a 4th magnitude orange star in the base of the Cup.
Alkes is our title from the 16th century French scholar Scaliger, but it also has been
Alker, and in the Alfonsine Tables Alhes: all from Arabic Al Kas, "the cup", of the
constellation Crater.
The Latin designation for it Fundus vasiswell describes its position at the base of
the Cup.
Since it is the only named star in the figure (the constellation Crater), and the first
lettered, it may have been brighter 300 years ago; but delta (), a 3.9-magnitude, is now
the lucida, the brightest star in the constellation.
Alpha () has several optical companions, and culminates on the 20th of April, about 32
nearly due south from beta () Leo.
Avior
Epsilon () Carina, Avior, is a southern star in the Keel of the Great Ship.
Wikipedia explains that this star, epsilon Carina, is also known by the name Avior, but
this is not a classical name. It was assigned to the star by Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac
Office in the late 1930s during the creation of The Air Almanac, a navigational almanac
for the Royal Air Force.
The astrological influences of the constellation Carina

No myths or astrological interpretations are associated with the constellation Carina
because this constellation had always been seen as part of the constellation Argo Navis,
the Great Ship, until French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1752 subdivided
Argo Navis into Carina (the keel of the ship), Puppis (the poop), and Vela (the sails), plus
a subordinate division of Argo now called Pyxis Nautica. The constellation Argo Navis
represents the ship in which Jason brought the Golden Fleece from Colchis, said to be the
first ship ever built.
The astrological influences for the whole constellation of Argo Navis, the Great Ship:
According to Ptolemy the bright stars are like Saturn and Jupiter. Argo is said to give
prosperity in trade and voyages, and strength of mind and spirit, but it has been observed
to accompany cases of drowning, a notable instance being furnished by the horoscope of
Shelley, where Argo occupied the 8th house and contained the Sun, Venus and Uranus.
Drowning is particularly to be feared when Saturn afflicts the Moon in or from Argo. It is
probably on account of this constellation that Virgo, especially the first decanate, is
frequently found to be connected with drowning. [Robson*, p.30.]
Star Lists
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Moon Mansions
Cor Caroli
Alpha () Canes Venatici, Cor Coroli, is a double star, 3.2 and 5.7, flushed white and
pale lilac, on the Southern Hound, Chara.
The usual illustration of the constellation, Canes Venatici, is of two Greyhounds straining
at the leash held in the hand of Bootes. These Hounds are aiding Bootes in guiding the
Bears (Ursa Major and Ursa Minor) around the pole star, Polaris.
The more northern Hound is named Asterion, "Starry" (as is the title of beta ( Asterion),
from the little stars marking the body and because it contains the M51 Whirlpool Nebula,
Copula: The southern hound is Chara; which contains this star () Cor Coroli, and beta
(Asterion), the two brightest stars.
This star, the 12 of Flamsteed's list of the Hounds, stands alone, marking Chara's collar;
but was set apart in 1725 by the English astronomer Halley, when Astronomer Royal, as
the distinct figure Cor Caroli, not Cor Caroli II as many have it, in honor of Charles II.
This was done at the suggestion of the court physician, Sir Charles Scarborough, who
said that it had shone with special brilliancy on the eve of the king's return to London on
the 29th of May, 1660. It has occasionally been seen on maps as the centre of a Heartshaped figure surmounted by a crown, and its name occurs in popular lists; but Flamsteed
did not insert it on his plate of the Hounds, although he distinctly wrote of it in his
manuscript under this title; and the Heart perhaps is shown in the tail-piece to the preface
of the Atlas Coelestis.
{p.116] It is the French Coeur de Charles; the Italian Cuor di Carlo; and the German
Herz Karls.
With the 15th century Tartar astronomer Ulug Beg it was Al Kabd al Asad, the Liver of
the Lion here a technical term indicating the highest position of any star within the
compass of a figure reckoned from the equator. [Arabs had an enormous Lion, their early
Asad, extending over a third of the heavens, of which the stars Arcturus and Spica were
the shin-bones; Regulus, the forehead; the heads of Gemini, one of the fore paws; Canis
Minor, the other; and Corvus, the hind quarters. Many Arab starnames come from this
tradition. Star Names p.97.]
In China it was Chang Chen, a Seat.
The astrological influences of the constellation Canes

Venatici
This constellation gives a love of hunting and a penetrating mind, making those born
under it faithful, keen, clever and fond of speculation. [Robson*, p.34.].
References:
The astrological influences of the constellation Crater

Legend: This constellation represents the cup given by Apollo to the raven (see Corvus)
to fetch water. [Robson, p.41.]
Influences: According to Ptolemy it is like Venus and in some degree like Mercury. It
gives a kind, generous, cheerful, receptive, passionate and hospitable nature, with good
mental abilities, but subject to apprehension and indecision. There is a disordered life full
of sudden and unexpected events, and great danger of unhappiness, but usually some
eminence. [Robson*, p.41.]
Good mental abilities. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, George Noonan, 1990, p.53.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Crater given by Manilius:
"Note: Manilius described Crater as 'gratus Iaccho Crater' (Iaccho is Roman Bacchus
who is identified with Greek Dionysus), "so using the mystic, poetical name often applied
to Bacchus" (Allen, Star Names).
"He [those influenced by the Crater in astrology] will join your vines, Bacchus
[translator's note; 'grapevines for the production of wine'], in wedlock to your elms; or he
will arrange them on props, so that the fronds resemble the figures in a dance or, allowing
your vine to rely on its own strength, he will lead it to spread out its branches as arms,
and entrusting you to yourself will forever protect you from the bridal bed, seeing how
you were cut from your mother (Semele, daughter of Cadmus).
"Whoever derives hence his birth and character [from the constellation Crater] will be
attracted by the well-watered meadows of the countryside, the rivers, and the lakes. He
will sow corn among the grapes and will adopt any other of the countless forms of
cultivation that exist throughout the world as the conditions of the district will require. He
will drink without stint the wine he has produced and enjoy in person the well earned
fruits of his labors; neat wine will incite him to jollity, when he will drown all seriousness
in his cups. Nor only on the soil will he stake his hopes for paying his yearly vows he will
also go in pursuit of the grain tax (become a tax collector), and of those wares
(translator's note: papyrus, for example, or sponges) especially which are nourished by
moisture or to which water clings. Such are the men to be fashioned by the Bowl, lover of
all that is wet. [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 5, p.318-321].
The astrological influences of the star Alkes

Alkes has always portended eminence to those born under its influence. When rising the
star indicates dedicated environmentalists whose love for rivers and streams lead them to
be very protective regarding water resources. At a less intense level the native may
become a landscape architect, a builder of canals, or in some other manner do business in
merchandise connected with water. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, George Noonan,
1990, p.53.]
References:
*Uranus
*Midheaven
*Sun
El Nath
from p.89 and p.390 of Star Names, Richard Hinckley Allen, 1889.
[A scanned copy of page 89 can be viewed on this webpage]
Beta () Taurus, El Nath, is a double brilliant pure white and pale gray star, marking the
tip of the northern or left horn of the Bull. This star also has the redundant Bayer
designation gamma Auriga, or Aur, which is today very rarely used.
This star, El Nath, beta () Taurus, was once the gamma-star of Auriga, it is now
astronomically assigned to Taurus and is situated on tip of the left horn of the Bull. It has
been considered as belonging to either constellation; Burritt's Atlas calling it Aurigae or
El Nath. As a member of Auriga it lies on the right ankle of the Reinholder (see picture
in the constellation Auriga), and was the Arabic Al Ka'b dhi'l Inan, usually translated
"the Heel of the Rein-holder" though its position is on the ankle.
The Arabic spelling for El Nath is An-Nath (1), "The butting" from Al Natih, "the
Butting One", located on the tip of the northern horn of the Bull, 5 from zeta, (Al Hecka)
similarly placed on the tip of the southern horn. This title El Nath, also appears for Aries
and its alpha star Hamal.
From the earliest days of descriptive astronomy it has been identical with the star Al
Nath, the beta () of Taurus at the extremity of the right horn, and the Greek astronomer
Aratus, circa 270 B.C., so mentioned it. Vitruvius, however, said that it was Aurigae
Manus, because the Charioteer (Auriga) was supposed to hold it in his hand, which
would imply a very different drawing from that of Rome, Greece, and our own; and
Father Hell, in 1769, {p.90} correctly had this expression for the star theta (). The later
Arabian astronomers also considered it in Taurus by designating it as Al Karn al Thaur
al Shamaliyyah, the Northern Horn of the Bull; but the 13th century Persian
astronomical writer Al Kazwini adhered to Auriga by giving "the two in the ankles" as Al
Tawabi al Ayyuk, the Goat's Attendants, Ideler identifying these with gamma () and iota
().
In Babylonia it was Shur-narkabti-sha-iltanu, the "Star in the Bull towards the North",
or the "Northern Star towards the Chariot", referring to the Chariot of Auriga, and
marked the 6th ecliptic constellation.
With Capella and other stars in Auriga it was the Chinese Woo Chay, a "Fire-carriage".
Among the Hindus it represented Agni, the god of fire, and commonly bore that title; as
also the similar Hutabhuj, the "Devourer of the Sacrifice".
Astrologers said that El Nath portended eminence and fortune to all who could claim it
as their natal star.
The astrological influences of the constellation Taurus

Legend: Jupiter, assuming the form of a bull, mingled with the herd when Europa, with
whom he was infatuated, and her maidens disported themselves on the sea-shore.
Encouraged by the tameness of the bull Europa mounted it, whereupon the God rushed
into the sea and bore her away to Crete. According to other accounts Taurus represents Io
whom Jupiter turned into a cow in order to deceive his wife Juno. [Robson*, p.62-63.]
Influences: Ptolemy makes the following observations: "Those stars in Taurus which are
in the abscission of the sign resemble in their temperament the influence of Venus, and in
some degree that of Saturn . . . the stars in the head (except Aldebaran) resemble Saturn,
and, partly, Mercury; and those at the top of the horns are like Mars." By the Kabalists
Taurus is associated with the Hebrew letter Aleph and the 1st Tarot Trump "The Juggler."
In all the ancient Zodiacs, Taurus is the beginning sign and marked the Vernal Equinox
from about 4,000 to 1,700 B.C. [Robson*, p.63.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Taurus given by Manilius:
"The Bull will dower the countryside with honest farmers and will come as a source of
toil into their peaceful lives; it will bestow, not gifts of glory, but the fruits of the earth. It
bows its neck amid the stars and of itself demands a yoke for its shoulders. When it
carries the sun's orb on its horns, it bids battle with the soil begin and rouses the fallow
land to its former cultivation, itself leading the work, for it neither pauses in the furrows
nor relaxes its breast in the dust. The sign of the Bull has produced a Serranus and a
Curius, has carried the rods of office through the fields, and has left its plough to become
a dictator. Its sons have the love of unsung excellence; their hearts and bodies derive
strength from a massiveness that is slow to move, whilst in their faces dwells the boy-god
Love (Cupido)." [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, book 4, p.233].
The astrological influences of the star El Nath

Of the nature of Mars and Mercury. It gives fortune, eminence and neutrality for good or
evil. [Robson*, p.164.]
Martian in nature; reputed to be an indication of success. [Larousse Encyclopedia of
astrology].
With Sun: Ecclesiastical preferment, honor through science, religion or philosophy.
[Robson*, p.164.]
With Moon: Quarrels with questionable associates, business success, environment
detrimental owing to wife, partner or relative. [Robson*, p.164.]
With Mercury: Favor of superiors, but enmity of colleagues, rises to high position or
changes vocation, favorable for gain, but many small losses, domestic expenses, often
obliged to support an invalid. [Robson*, p.164.]
With Venus: Favorable for gain, enemies who are powerless to injure. [Robson*, p.164.]
With Mars: Good lawyer, speaker, and debater, quick-witted. [Robson*, p.164.]
With Jupiter: Success in legal or ecclesiastical affairs, favorable for gain and inheritance.
[Robson*, p.164.]
With Saturn: Cautious, thoughtful, bad-tempered, accumulates money, favorable for
domestic affairs, gain through relatives, may receive start in life through a legacy.
[Robson*, p.164.]
With Uranus: Great mental energy and force of character, weak body, original and
practical ideas, occult interests, but material aims, late success, favorable for domestic
affairs, death in middle age. [Robson*, p.165.]
With Neptune: Active in mind and body, vacillating, some physical defect, occult
interests, may make discoveries in medicine, domestic disharmony owing to peculiar
matrimonial ideas, may become famous, death in middle age. [Robson*, p.165.]
References:
Mintaka
Delta () Orion, Mintaka, is a double and slightly variable star, 2.4 and 6.8, brilliant
white and pale violet, the west star in the Belt of the Hunter.
This star delta ( Mintaka), along with epsilon ( Alnilam) and zeta ( Alnitak) form the
Belt of Orion the Hunter.
Mintaka, from Al Mintakah, the Belt, Burritt's Atlas of 1856 has it Mintika.
Mintaka at the west end is the first star of the belt stars seen to rise. Astrologers
considered it of importance as portending good fortune.
It is about 23' of arc south of the celestial equator.
The Belt of Orion

"Orion's studded belt" - Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel.
Epsilon ( Alnilam), zeta ( Alnitak), and delta ( Mintaka), form the Belt across the
middle of Orion.
These three stars are one of the most obvious features people see in the sky, and are
formed in a row that appear to us of almost equal size and of equal distance from each
other; Mintaka, the westernmost star in the belt, comes from the Arabic word for "belt"
Alnilam, the center star in the belt, means "a belt of pearls" and Alnitak, the eastern-most
star, means the girdle.
These Arabian titles of delta (), epsilon (), and zeta (), although now applied to them
individually, were at first indiscriminately used for the three together; but they had other
names also, Al Nijad, the Belt; Al Nasak, the Line; Al Alkat, the Golden Grains,
Nuts, or Spangles; and Fakar al Jauzah, the Vertebrae in the Jauzah's (Orion's) back.
Niebuhr cited the modern Arabic Al Mizan al H-akk, the Accurate Scale-beam, so
distinguishing them from the curved line of the fainter c, theta (), iota (), d, and kappa
(), Al Mizan al Batil, the False Scale-beam. The Chinese similarly knew them as a
Weighing-beam, with the stars of the sword as a weight at one end.
They were the Jugula and Jugulae of Plautus, Varro, and others in Roman literature; the
Balteus, or Belt, and the Vagina, or Scabbard, of Germanicus. The Zona of Ovid (43
B.C.-18?A.D.) may have been taken from the Zone of Aristotle.
The early Hindus called them Isus Trikanda, the Three-jointed Arrow; but the later
transferred to it the nakshatra (Hindu Moon Mansion) title, Mrigashiras.
The Sogdian Iranian Rashnawand and the Khorasmian (east of Persia) Khawiya have
significations akin to our word "Rectitude," which this straight line of stars personified.
The Rabbi Isaac Israel said that it was the Mazzaroth, Mazzaloth, or Mazlatha that
most of his nation applied to the zodiac.
The Italian astronomer Riccioli (1598-1671) cited Baculus Jacobi, which became in
popular English speech Jacob's Rod or Staff,the German Jakob Stab, from the
tradition given by Eusebius that Israel was an astrologer, as, indeed, he doubtless was;
and some had it Peter's Staff. Similarly, it was the Norse Fiskikallar, or Staff; the
Scandinavian Frigge Rok, Frigg's, or Freya's, Distaff, in West Gothland Frigge
Rakken, and Maria Rok, Mary's Distaff; in Schleswig, Peri-pik. In Lapland it was
altered to Kalevan Miekka, Kaleva's Sword, or still more changed to Niallar, a Tavern;
while the Greenlanders had a very different figure here, Siktut, the Seal-hunters,
bewildered when lost at sea, and transferred together to the sky.
The native Australians knew the stars as Young Men dancing a corroboree, the Pleiades
being the Maidens playing for them; and the Poignave Indians of the Orinoco, according
to Von Humboldt, as Fuebot, a word that he said resembled the Phoenician.
The University of Leipsic, in 1807, gave to the Belt and the stars in the Sword the new
title Napoleon, which a retaliating Englishman offset by Nelson; but neither of these has
been recognized on star-maps or globes.
{p.316} Seamen have called it the Golden Yard-arm; tradesmen, the L, or Ell, the Ell
and Yard, the Yard-stick, and the Yard-wand, as occupying 3 between the outer stars,
the Elwand of Gavin Douglas; Catholics, Our Lady's Wand; and the husbandmen of
France and along the Rhine, Rateau, the Rake. In Upper Germany it has been the Three
Mowers; and it is often the Magi, the Three Kings, the Three Marys, or simply the
Three Stars, that Tennyson had in his Princess,
"those three stars of the airy Giants' zone
That glitter burnished by the frosty dark."
The celestial equator now passes through the Belt, but was 12 below it 4000 years ago.
The astrological influences of the constellation Orion

Legend: The giant Orion was created out of an ox-hide by the Gods, Jupiter, Neptune and
Mercury, at the request of Hyreus who had entertained them. He was blinded by
Oenopion (the name means "wine-faced") for having raped Merope, Oenopion's daughter,
but recovered his sight by exposing his eyes to the rising sun. In consequence of his boast
that he could slay any beast bred upon the earth the scorpion (Scorpius) was brought forth
and Orion died from its sting. [Robson*, p.55.]
Influences: According to Ptolemy the bright stars with the exception of Betelgeuze and
Bellatrix are like Jupiter and Saturn. It is said to give a strong and dignified nature, selfconfidence, inconstancy, arrogance, violence, impiety, prosperity in trade and particularly
by voyages or abroad, but danger of treachery and poison. It was thought by the Romans
to be very harmful to cattle and productive of storms. By the Kabalists it is associated
with the Hebrew letter Aleph and the 1st Tarot Trump "The Juggler." [Robson*, p.55.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Orion given by Manilius:
"Near neighbor to the Twins (Gemini), Orion may be seen stretching his arms over a vast
expanse of sky and rising to the stars with no less huge a stride. A single light marks each
of his shining shoulders, and three aslant trace the downward line of his sword: but three
mark Orion's head, which is imbedded in high heaven with his countenance remote. It is
Orion who leads the constellations as they speed over the full circuit of heaven."
[Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD. p.35.]
"Orion will fashion alert minds and agile bodies, souls prompt to respond to duty's call,
and hearts which press on with unflagging energy in spite of every trial. A son of Orion's
will be worth a multitude and will seem to dwell in every quarter of the city; flying from
door to door with the one word of morning greeting, he will enjoy the friendship of all."
[Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD. p.305.]
The astrological influences of the star Mintaka

Note: Robson gives influences for Mintaka and Alnilam separately and jointly under
Cingula Orionis; the Belt of Orion.
According to Ptolemy Mintaka is of the nature of Saturn and Mercury; and to Alvidas, of
Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter. It gives good fortune. [Robson*, p.177.]

General influence of the Cingula Orionis (Orion's Belt): The joint influence is to give
strength, energy, industry, organizing abilities, notoriety, good fortune, lasting happiness,
a sharp mind and a good memory. [Robson*, p.156.]
When rising, Alnilam, together with Alnitak and Mintaka, portend irreligious and
treacherous individuals. These stars in medieval times were said to presage those who
were "passionately devoted to hunting, but not noble hunting with falcon or bow".
Aspected by Saturn, the indications are for excellent fishermen, and in a female chart,
any of these three stars rising or aspected by both Mars and a benefic portend a shrew.
When setting and aspected by Mars any of these three stars indicate individuals who will
incur all kinds of dangers. Mintaka alone portents good fortune as regards the growing
of grain crops. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, George Noonan, 1990, p.44.]
Cingula Orionis with a malefic and the Moon at the same time with Markab (23 Pisces):
death at human hands. [Robson*, p.157.]
Cingula Orionis rising: Legacies, love or dissipation, gravity and austerity. [Robson*,
p.156.]
Mintaka with Sun: Discreet, cautious, somewhat changeable. [Robson*, p.177.]
Cingula Orionis with Sun: Notoriety, good fortune, lasting happiness. [Robson*, p.157.]
Mintaka with the Moon: Active, sharp, alert in business, public position, many enemies
more successful in business. [Robson*, p.177.]
Cingula Orionis with Moon: Blindness of at least one eye, new and influential friends,
valuable gifts, love of respectable women. If a malefic be with Markab, drowning. If the
moon is with Saturn also, drowning and assassination. [Robson*, p.157.]
Influences for Mintaka alone:
With Mercury: Studious, fond of seclusion, deliberate and fixed mind, little sympathy or
disagreements with relatives. [Robson*, p.177.]
With Venus: Public position, enmity of women, love disappointments. [Robson*, p.177.]
With Mars: Energetic, quick mind, good speaker and debater, quarrelsome, strong
passions. [Robson*, p.178.]
With Jupiter: High position in law or church, studious and philosophical mind, gain
through inheritance. [Robson*, p.178.]
With Saturn: Far-seeing, studious, good judge of human nature, psychic, domestic
disharmony, sickness to family. [Robson*, p.178.]
With Uranus: Selfish, studious, eccentric, difficult to get on with, losses through lawsuits
and business, successful in middle age but poverty at end of life, favorable for domestic
matters, death from consumption. [Robson*, p.178.]
With Neptune: Thoughtful, studious, keeps discoveries to himself, sarcastic writer,
generous but not wealthy, rarely marries, death unattended in old age. [Robson*, p.178.]
References:
Part of Fortune
Sirius the Dog-star
from p.120-129 of Star Names, Richard Hinckley Allen, 1889.
Alpha () Canis Major, Sirius, is a binary, -1.43 and 8.5, brilliant white and yellow star
in the Greater dog. It is the brightest star in the night sky.
Sirius, the Dog-star, often written Syrius even as late as Flamsteed's and Father Hell's
day, has generally been derived from Seirios, sparkling or scorching, which first appeared
with Hesiod as a title for this star, although also applied to the sun, and by Abychos to all
the stars. Various early Greek authors used it for our Sirius, perhaps generally as an
adjective, for we read in Eratosthenes:
Such stars astronomers call seirious on account of the tremulous motion of their light;
so that it would seem that the word, in its forms seir, seiros, and seirios, Suidas used
all three for both sun and star, originally was employed to indicate any bright and
sparkling heavenly object, but in the course of time became a proper name for this
brightest of all the stars. Lamb, however, thought it of Phoenician origin, signifying the
Chief One, and originally in that country a title for the sun; Jacob Bryant, the
mythologist, said that it was from the Egyptians' Cahen Sihor; but Brown considers it a
transcription from their well-known Hesiri, the Greek Osiris; while Dupuis distinctly
asserted that it was from the Celtic Syr.
Plutarch called it Prooptes, the Leader,which well agrees with its character and is an
almost exact translation of its Euphratean, Persian, Phoenician, and Vedic titles; kuon,
kuon seirios, kuon aster, Seirios aster, Seirios astron, or simply to astron, were its names
in early Greek astronomy and poetry. Prokuon, better known for the Lesser Dog (Canis
Minor) and its lucida (Procyon), also was applied to Sirius by Galen as preceding the
other stars in the constellation.
Homer alluded to it in the Iliad as Oporinos, the Star of Autumn; [The Greeks had no
word exactly equivalent to our "autumn" until the 5th century before Christ, when it
appeared in writings ascribed to Hippocrates.] but the season intended was the last days
of July, all of August, and part of September the latter part of summer. Lord Derby
translated this celebrated passage:
A fiery light
There flash'd, like autumn's star, that brightest shines
When newly risen from his ocean bath;
{Page 121} while later on in the poem Homer compares Achilles, when viewed by Priam,
to the autumnal star, whose brilliant ray
Shines eminent amid the depth of night,
Whom men the dog-star of Orion call.

The Roman farmers sacrificed to it a fawn-colored dog at their three festivals when, in
May, the sun began to approach Sirius. These, instituted 238 B.C., were the Robigalia, to
secure the propitious influence of their goddess Robigo in averting rust and mildew from
their fields; and the Floralia and Vinalia, to ensure the maturity of their blooming flowers,
fruits and grapes.
Among the Latins it naturally shared the constellation's titles, probably originated them;
and occasionally was even Canicula; indeed, as late as 1420 the Palladium of Husbandry
urged certain farm-work to be done "Er the caniculere, the hounde ascende" and, more
than a century later, Eden, in the Historic of the Vyage to Moscovie and Cathay, wrote:
Serius is otherwise called Canicula, this is the dogge, of whom the canicular days have
their name."
It has been asserted that Ovid and Vergil referred to Sirius in their Latrator Anubis,
representing a jackal, or dog-headed Egyptian divinity, guardian of the visible horizon
and of the solstices, transferred to Rome as goddess of the chase; but it is very doubtful
whether they had in mind either star or constellation.
Its well-known name, Al Shi'ra, or Al Si'ra, extended as al Abur al Yamaniyyah, much
resembles the Egyptian, Persian, Phoenician, Greek, and Roman equivalents, and, Ideler
thought, may have had common origin with them from some one ancient, source:
possibly the Sanskrit Surya, the Shining One, the Sun. The 'Abur, or Passage, refers to
the myth of Canopus' flight, to the South; and the adjective to the same, or perhaps to the
southerly position of the star towards Yemen, in distinction from that of Al Ghumaisa' in
the Lesser Dog, seen towards Sham, Syria, in the North. From these geographical
names originated the Arabic adjectives Yamaniyyah and Shamaliyyah, Southern and
Northern; although the former literally signifies On the Right-hand Side, i.e. to an
observer facing eastward towards Mecca.
In Chrysococca's Tables the title is Siaer Iamane; and Doctor C. Edward Sachau's
translation of Al Biruni's Chronology renders it Sirius Jemenicus. Riccioli had Halabor,
which the 1515 Almagest applied to the constellation; and English writer on globes John
Chilmead (circa 1639), Gabbar, Ecber, and Habor; while Shaari lobur, another {Page
122} queerly corrupted form, is found in Eber's Egyptian Princess. In the Alfonsine
Tables the original is changed to Asceher and Aschere Aliemini; while Bayer gives plain
Aschere and Elscheere for the star, with others similar for both star and constellation.
Scera is cited by Dutch scholar Grotius (1583-1645) for the star, and Sceara for the
whole, derived from an old lexicon; and Alsere; but he traced all to Seirios.
In modern Arabia it is Suhail, the general designation for bright stars. The late Finnish
poet Zakris Topelius accounted for the exceptional magnitude of Sirius by the fact that
the lovers Zulamith the Bold and Salami the Fair, after a thousand years of separation and
toil while building their bridge, the Milky Way, upon meeting at its completion,
Straight rushed into each other's arms
And melted into one;
So they became the brightest star
In heaven's high arch that dwelt
Great Sirius, the mighty Sun

Beneath Orion's belt.
The native Australians knew it as their Eagle, a constellation by itself (Aquila); while the
Hervey Islanders, calling it Mere, associated it in their folklore with Aldebaran and the
Pleiades.
Sharing the Sanskrit titles for the whole, it was the Deer-slayer and the Hunter, while
the Vedas also have for it Tishiya or Tishiga, Tistrija, Tishtrya, the Tistar, or
Chieftain's Star. And this we find too in Persia; as also Sira. The later Persian and
Pahlavi have Tir, the Arrow. Edkins, however, considers Sirius, or Procyon, to be
Vanand, and Arcturus, Tistar.
Hewitt sees in Sirius the Sivanam, or Dog, of the Rig Veda awakening the Ribhus, the
gods of mid-air, who "thus calls them to their office of rain sending," a very different
office from that assigned to this star in Rome. Yet these gods, philologically, had a
Roman connection, for Professor Friedrich Maximilian Mueller, writing the word Arbhu,
associates it with the Latin Orpheus. Hewitt also says that in the earliest Hindu
mythology Sirius was Sukra, the Rain-god, before Indra was thus known; and that in the
Avesta it marked one of the Four Quarters of the Heavens.
Although the identification of Euphratean stellar titles is by no means settled, especially
and singularly so as to this great star, yet various authorities have found for it names more
or less probable.
Berlin and Brown think it conclusively proved that it was Kak-shisha, the Dog that
Leads, and "a Star of the South" while Kak-shidi is Sayce's transliteration of the original
signifying the Creator of Prosperity, a character which the Persians also assigned to it;
and it may have been the {Page 123} Akkadian Du-shisha, the Director in Assyrian
Mes-ri-e. Epping and Strassmaier have Kak-ban as a late Chaldaean title, which Brown
renders Kal-bu, the Dog, "exactly the name for Sirius we should expect to find" German
Orientalist Peter Jensen (1861-1936) has Kakkab lik-ku, the Star of the Dog, revived in
Homer's kuon; and it perhaps was the Assyrian Kal-bu Sa-mas, the Dog of the Sun; and
the Akkadian Mul-lik-ud, the Star Dog of the Sun. Jensen also gives Kakkab kasti, the
Bow Star, although this may be doubtful; and Brown has, from the Assyrian, Su-ku-du,
the Restless, Impetuous, Blazing, well characterizing the marked scintillation and color
changes in its light. Hewitt cites an Akkadian title Tis-khu.
Its risings and settings were regularly tabulated in Chaldaea about 300 B.C., and Oppert
is reported to have recently said that the Babylonian astronomers could not have known
certain astronomical periods, which as a matter of fact they did know, if they had not
observed Sirius from the island of Zylos in the Persian Gulf on Thursday, the 29th of
April, 11542 B.C.!
It is the only star known to us with absolute certitude in the Egyptian records its
hieroglyph, a dog, often appearing on the monuments and temple walls throughout the
Nile country. Its worship, chiefly in the north, perhaps, did not commence till about 3285
B.C., when its heliacal rising at the summer solstice marked Egypt's New Year and the
beginning of the inundation, although precession has now carried this rising to the 10th of
August. At that early date, according to Lockyer, Sirius had replaced gamma Draconis as
an orientation point, especially at Thebes, and notably in the great temple of Queen
Hatshepsu, known to-day as Al Der al Bahari, the Arabs' translation of the modern Copts'
(who are now the Christians in Egypt) Convent of the North. Here it was symbolized,
under the title of Isis Hathor, by the form of a cow with disc and horns appearing from
behind the western hills. With the same title, and styled Her Majesty of Denderah, it is
seen in the small temple of Isis, erected 700 B.C., which was oriented toward it; as well
as on the walls of the great Memnonium, the Ramesseum, of Al Kurneh at Thebes,
probably erected about the same time that this star's worship began. Lockyer thinks that
he has found seven temples oriented to the rising of Sirius. It is also represented on the
walls of the recently discovered step-temple of Sakkara, dating from about 2700 B.C.,
and supposed to have been erected in its honor.
Great prominence is given to it on the square zodiac of Denderah, where it is figured as a
cow recumbent in a boat with head surmounted by a star; and again, immediately
following, as the goddess Sothis, accompanied by the goddess Anget, with two urns from
which water is flowing, emblematic {Page 124} of the inundation at the rising of the star.
But in the earlier temple service of Denderah it was Isis Sothis, at Philae Isis Sati, or
Satit, and, for a long time in Egypt's mythology, the resting-place of the soul of that
goddess, and thus a favorable star. Plutarch made distinct reference to this; although it
should be noted that the word Isis at times also indicated anything luminous to the
eastward heralding sunrise. Later it was Osiris, brother and husband of Isis, but this word
also was applied to any celestial body becoming invisible by its setting. Thus its titles
noticeably changed in the long period of Egypt's history.
As Thoth, and the most prominent stellar object in the worship of that country, its
heliacal rising was in the month of Thoth, it was in some way associated with the
similarly prominent sacred ibis, also a symbol of Isis and Thoth, for, in various forms, the
bird and star appear together on Nile monuments, temple walls, and zodiacs.
Sirius was worshiped, too, as Sihor, the Nile Star, and, even more commonly, as Sothi
and Sothis, its popular Graeco-Egyptian name, the Brightly Radiating One, the Fair
Star of the Waters; but in the vernacular was Sept, Sepet, Sopet, and Sopdit; Sed,1
[According to Mueller, this Sed, or Shed, of the hieroglyphic inscriptions appeared in
Hebrew as El Shaddar.] and Sot, the Seph of Vettius Valens.
Upon this star was laid the foundation of the Canicular, Sothic, or Sothiac Period named
after it, which has excited the attention and puzzled the minds of historians, antiquarians,
and chronologists. Lockyer has an admirable discussion of this in his Dawn of
Astronomy.
Sir Edwin Arnold writes of it in his Egyptian Princess:
And even when the Star of Kneph has brought the summer round,
And the Nile rises fast and full along the thirsty ground;
for the Egyptians always attributed to the Dog-star the beneficial influence of the
inundation that began at the summer solstice; indeed, some have said that the Aethiopian
Nile took from Sirius its name Siris, although others consider the reverse to be the case.
Minsheu, who dwells much on this, ends thus:
"Some thinke that the Dog-starre is called Sirius, because at the time the Dogge-starre
reigneth, Nilus also overfloweth as though the water were led by that Starre."
Indeed, it has been fancifully asserted that its canine title originated in Egypt, "because of
its supposed watchful care over the interests of the husbandman; its rising giving him
notice of the approaching overflow of the Nile."
Caesius cited for it Solechin as from that country, signifying the Starry Dog, and derived
from the Egypto-Greek word Soleken.
{Page 125} Perhaps it is the ancient importance of this Dog on the Nile that has given the
popular name, the Egyptian X, to the figure formed by the stars Procyon and Betelgeuze,
Naos and Phaet, with Sirius at the vertices of the; two triangles and the centre of the
letter. On our maps Sirius marks the nose of the Dog.
The Phoenicians are said to have known it as Hannabeah, the Barker.
The astronomers of China do not seem to have made as much of Sirius as did those of
other countries, but it is occasionally mentioned, with other stars in Canis Major, as Lang
Hoo; and Reeves quoted for it Tseen Lang, the Heavenly Wolf. Their astrologers said
that when unusually bright it portended attacks from thieves.
Some have called it the Mazzaroth of the Book of Job; others the H-asil of the Hebrews;
but this people also knew it as Sihor, its Egyptian name, and Ideler thinks that the
adoration of the Seerim (Sirim), or "Devils" of the Authorized Version of our Bible, the
"He Goats" of the Revision, which, as we see in Leviticus xvii, 7, was specially
prohibited to the Jews, may have had reference to Sirius and Procyon, the Two Sirii or
Shi'rayan, that must have been well known to them in the land of their long bondage as
worshiped by their taskmasters.
The culmination of this star at midnight was celebrated in the great temple of Ceres at
Eleusis, probably at the initiation of the Eleusinian mysteries; and the Ceans of the
Cyclades predicted from its appearance at its heliacal rising whether the ensuing year
would be healthy or the reverse. In Arabia, too, it was an object of veneration, especially
by the tribe of Kais, and probably by that of Kodha'a, although Muhammad expressly
forbade this star-worship on the part of his followers. Yet he himself gave much honor to
some "star" in the heavens that may have been this.
In early astrology and poetry there is no end to the evil influences that were attributed to
Sirius. Homer wrote, in Lord Derby's translation,
The brightest he, but sign to mortal man
Of evil augury.
Pope's very liberal version of the same lines,
Terrific glory ! for his burning breath
Taints the red air with fevers, plagues and death,
seems to have been taken from the Shepheard's Kalendar for July:
The rampant Lyon hunts he fast with dogge of noysome breath
Whose baleful barking brings in hast pyne, plagues and dreerye death.
Spenser, however, was equally a borrower, for we find in the Aeneid:
{Page 126} The dogstar, that burning constellation, when he brings drought and diseases
on sickly mortals, rises and saddens the sky with inauspicious light;
and in the 4th Georgic:
Jam rapidus torrens sitientes Sirius Indos Ardebat coelo,
rendered by Owen Meredith in his Paraphrase on Vergil's Bees of Aristaeus:
Swift Sirius, scorching thirsty Ind,
Was hot in heaven.
Hesiod advised his country neighbors,
"When Sirius parches head and knees, and the body is dried up by reason of heat, then sit
in the shade and drink,"
advice universally followed, even till now, although with but little thought of Sirius.
Hippocrates made much, in his Epidemics and Aphorisms, of this star's power over the
weather, and the consequent physical effect upon mankind, some of his theories being
current in Italy even during the last century; while the result of all physic depended upon
the sign of the zodiac in which the sun chanced to be. Manilius wrote of Sirius:
From his nature flow
The most afflicting powers that rule below.
But these expressions as to the hateful character of the Dog-star may have been induced
in part from the evil reputation of the dog in the East.
Its heliacal rising, 400 years before our era, corresponded with the sun's entrance into the
constellation Leo, that marked the hottest time of the year, and this observation,
originally from Egypt, taken on trust by the Romans, who were not proficient observers,
and without consideration as to its correctness for their age and country, gave rise to their
dies caniculariae, the dog days, and the association of the celestial Dog and Lion with
the heat of midsummer. The time and duration of these days, although not generally
agreed upon in ancient times, any more than in modern, were commonly considered as
beginning on the 3d of July and ending on the 11th of August, for such were the time and
period of the unhealthy season of Italy, and all attributed to Sirius. The Greeks, however,
generally assigned fifty days to the influence of the Dog-star. Yet even then some took a
more correct view of the matter, for Geminos wrote:
It is generally believed that Sirius produces the heat of the dog days; but this is an error,
for the star merely marks a season of the year when the sun's heat is the greatest.
But he was an astronomer. {Page 127} The idea prevailed, however, even with the
sensible Dante in his "great scourge of days canicular" while Milton, in Lycidas,
designated it as "the swart star." And the notion holds good with many even to the present
time. This character doubtless is indicated on the Farnese globe, where the Dog's head is
surrounded with sun-rays.
But Pliny took a kinder view of this star, as in the "xii. chapyture of the xi. booke of his
naturall hystorie," on the origin of honey:
This coometh from the ayer at the rysynge of certeyne starres, and especially at the
rysynge of Sirius, and not before the rysynge of Vergiliae (which are the seven starres
cauled Pleiades) in the sprynge of the day;
although he seems to be in doubt whether "this bee the swette of heaven, or as it were a
certeyne spettyl of the starres." This idea is first .seen in Aristotle's History of Animals.
So, too, in late astrology wealth and renown were the happy lot of all born under this and
its companion Dog. Our modern Willis wrote in his Scholar of Thebet ben Khorat:
Mild Sirius tinct with dewy violet,
Set like a flower upon the breast of Eve.
When in opposition Sirius was supposed to produce the cold of winter.
It has been in all history the brightest star in the heavens, thought worthy by Pliny of a
place by itself among the constellations, and even seen in broad sunshine with the naked
eye by Bond at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and by others at midday with very slight
optical aid; but its color is believed by many to have changed from red to its present
white. This question recently has been discussed, by See in the affirmative and
Schiaparelli in the negative, at a length not allowing repetition here, the weight of
argument, however, seeming to be against the admission of any change of color in
historic times.
Aratos' term poikilos, applied to the Dog (constellaton), is equally appropriate to Sirius
now in the sense of many-colored or changeful, and is an admirable characterization, as
one realizes when watching this magnificent object coming up from the horizon on a
winter evening. Tennyson, who is always correct as well as poetical in his astronomical
allusions, says in The Princess:
The fiery Sirius alters hue
And bickers into red and emerald;
this, of course, being largely due to its marked scintillation; and Arago gave Barakish as
an Arabic designation for Sirius, meaning Of a Thousand {Page 128} Colors; and said
that as many as thirty changes of hue in a second had been observed in it. [Montigny's
scintillometer has marked as many as seventy-eight changes in a second in various white
stars standing 30 above the horizon, though a somewhat less number in those of other
colors.]
Sirius, notwithstanding its brilliancy, is by no means the nearest star to our system,
although it is among the nearest; only two or three others having, so far as is yet known, a
smaller distance. Investigations up to the present time show a parallax of 0".39,
indicating a distance of 8.3 light years, nearly twice that of alpha Centauri.
Some are of the opinion that the apparent magnitude of Sirius is partly due to the
whiteness of its tint and its greater intrinsic brilliancy; and that the red stars, Aldebaran,
Betelgeuze, and others, would appear much brighter than now if of the same color as
Sirius; rays of red light affecting the retina of the eye more slowly than those of other
colors. The modern scale of magnitudes that makes this star 1.43, about 9 times
as bright as the standard 1st-magnitude star Altair (alpha Aquilae), would make the
sun 25.4, or 7000 million times as bright as Sirius; but, taking distance into account,
we find that Sirius is really forty times brighter than the sun.
Its spectrum, as type of the Sirian in distinction from the Solar, gives name to one of the
four general divisions of stellar spectra instituted by Secchi from his observations in
1863-67; these two divisions including nearly (eleven twelfths) of the observed stars. Of
these about one half are Sirian of a brilliantly white colour, sometimes inclining towards
a steely blue. The sign manual of hydrogen is stamped upon them with extraordinary
intensity by broad, dark shaded lines which form a regular series.
It is found by Vogel to be approaching our system at the rate of nearly ten miles a second,
and, since Rome was built, has changed its position by somewhat more than the angular
diameter of the moon. It culminates on the 11th of February.
The celebrated Kant thought that Sirius was the central sun of the Milky Way; and,
eighteen centuries before him, the poet Manilius said that it was "a distant sun to
illuminate remote bodies," showing that even at that early day some had knowledge of
the true character and office of the stars.
Certain peculiarities in the motion of Sirius led Bessel in 1844, after ten years of
observation, to the belief that it had an obscure companion with which it was in
revolution; and computations by Peters and Auwers led Safford to locating the position of
the satellite, where it was found as {Page 129} predicted on the 31st of January, 1862, by
the late Alvan Clark, at Cambridgeport, Mass., while testing the I8-inch glass now at
the Dearborn Observatory. It proved to be a yellowish star, estimated as of the 8
magnitude, but difficult to be seen because of the brilliancy of Sirius, and then 10" away;
this diminishing to 5" in 1889; and last seen and measured by Burnham at the Lick
Observatory before its final disappearance in April, 1890. Its reappearance was observed
from the same place in the autumn of 1896 at a distance of 3".7, with a position angle of
195. It has a period of 51 years, and an orbit whose diameter is between those of
Uranus and Neptune; its mass being one third that of Sirius and equal to that of our sun,
although its light is but one 10, 000 nth its principal. So that it may be supposed to be
approaching non-luminous solidity, one of Bessel's "dark stars."
It is remarkable that Voltaire in his Micromegas of 1752, an imitation of Gulliver's
Travels, followed Dean Swift's so-called prophetic discovery of the two moons of Mars
by a similar discovery of an immense satellite of Sirius, the home of his hero. Swift,
however, owed his inspiration to Kepler, who more than a century previously wrote to
Galileo:
I am so far from disbelieving ill the existence of the four circumjovial planets, that I long
for a telescope to anticipate you, if possible, in discovering two round Mars (as the
proportion seems to me to require), six or eight round Saturn, and perhaps one each round
Mercury and Venus.
Other stars are shown by the largest glasses in the immediate vicinity of Sirius, two
additional having very recently been discovered by Barnard at the Yerkes Observatory.
The astrological influences of the constellation Canis

Major
Legend: This constellation is said to represent the dog set by Jupiter to guard Europa
whom he had stolen and conveyed to Crete. According to other accounts, however, it was
either Laelaps, the hound of Actaeon; that of Diana's nymph Procris; that given by Aurora
to Cephalus; or finally one of the dogs of Orion. [Robson*, p.34.]

Influences: Ptolemy states that the stars of this constellation, with the exception of Sirius,
are like Venus. It is said to give good qualities, charity and a faithful heart, but violent
and dangerous passions. There is some danger from, or fear of, darkness and the night,
and liability to dog bites, though the latter characteristic is probably associated more
particularly with Sirius. Canis Major is connected by the Kabalists with the Hebrew letter
Tzaddi and the 18th Tarot Trump, "The Moon". [Robson*, p.34.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Canis Major given by Manilius:
"It is Orion who leads the constellations as they speed over the full circuit of the heavens.
At his heels follows the Dog outstretched in full career: no star comes on mankind more
violently or causes more trouble when it departs. Now it rises shivering with cold, now it
leaves a radiant world open to the heat of the Sun [translator's note: In ancient times the
Dogstar's evening rising occurred in early January, its evening setting in early May (for
an explanation of these terms see the Loeb Aratus, Introduction E, or Dicks 12]: thus it
moves the world to either extreme and brings opposite effects. Those who from Mount
Taurus' lofty peak observe it ascending when it returns at its first rising learn of the
various outcomes of harvests and seasons, what state of health lies in store, and what
measure of harmony. It stirs up war and restores peace, and returning in different guise
affects the world with the glance it gives it and governs with its mien. Sure proof that the
star has this power are its colour and the quivering of the fire that sparkles in its face.
Hardly is it inferior to the Sun, save that its abode is far away and the beams it launches
from its sea-blue face are cold. In splendour it surpasses all other constellations, and no
brighter star is bathed in ocean or returns to heaven from the waves. [Manilius,
Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 1, p.34-37]
"The brilliant constellation of the Dog: it barks forth flame, raves with its fire, and
doubles the burning heat of the Sun. When it put its torch to the earth and discharges its
rays, the earth foresees its conflagration and tastes its ultimate fate [translator's note: the
ecpyrosis of the Stoics, who held that the Universe would ultimately be engulfed in
conflagration and all things would return to the condition of primeval fire]. Neptune lies
motionless in the midst of his waters and the green blood is drained from leaves and
grass. All living things seek alien climes and the world looks for another world to repair
to; beset by temperatures too great to bear, nature is afflicted with a sickness of its own
making, alive, but on a funeral-pyre: such is the heat diffused among the constellations,
and everything is brought to a halt by a single star. When the Dogstar rises over the rim of
the sea, which at its birth not even the flood of Ocean can quench, it will fashion
unbridled spirits and impetuous hearts; it will bestow on its sons billows of anger, and
draw upon them the hatred and fear of the whole populace.
"Words run ahead of the speakers: the mind is too fast for the mouth [translator's note: the
impetuosity of the speaker causes him to utter words before he has time to adapt them to
grammar or logic]. Their hearts start throbbing at the slightest cause, and when speech
comes their tongues rave and bark, and constant gnashing imparts the sound of teeth to
their utterance. Their failings are intensified by wine, for Bacchus [meaning alcohol]
gives them strength and fans their savage wrath to flame.
"No fear have they of woods or mountains, or monstrous lions, the tusks of the foaming
boar, or the weapons which nature has given wild beasts; they vent their burning fury
upon all legitimate prey.
"Lest you wonder at these tendencies under such a constellation, you see how even the
constellation itself hunts among the stars, for in its course it seeks to catch the Hare
(Lepus) in front." [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 5, p.316-319].
The astrological influences of the star Sirius

According to Ptolemy it is of the nature of Jupiter and Mars and, to Alvidas, of the Moon,
Jupiter and Mars. It gives honor, renown, wealth, ardor, faithfulness, devotion, passion
and resentment, and makes its natives custodians, curators and guardians. It also gives
danger of dog bites, and two examples of this effect will be found under Procyon.
[Robson*, p.208.]
Well connected, it promises fame, honors and riches. On the Ascendant and with Mars
combined, Sirius can be quite dangerous, pushing ahead with too much ambition is then
seen, resulting in dangers by injuries or attempts on the native's life. According to
tradition, Sirius will give a famous death with honors beyond the grave, if positioned in
the 8th house. In good aspect with Mars and Jupiter and close to the MC, promise is
given of gaining extensive wealth, a lucky hand in commercial enterprise or matters of
government. This star so placed is most excellent for military, lawyers and civil servants.
Sirius in conjunction with the Sun and well placed in the chart will be found to be the
case with numerous important and famous personalities. Possibly, the rise in station is
made possible by protection from people of influence. [Fixed Stars and Their
Interpretation, Elsbeth Ebertin, 1928, p.38.]
Regarded as a harbinger of fame. [Larousse Encyclopedia of Astrology].
If culminating: High office under Government giving great profit and reputation.
[Robson*, p.208.]
With Sun: Success in business, occupation connected with metals or other martial affairs,
domestic harmony. If rising or culminating, kingly preferment. [Robson*, p.209.]
With Moon: Success in business, influential friends of opposite sex, favorable for the
father, good health, beneficial changes in home or business. If a malefic be with Scheat,
death by fiery cutting weapons or from beasts. If Saturn be with the Moon, death by wild
beasts or soldiers. [Robson*, p.209.]
With Mercury: Great business success, help through influential people, worries
unnecessarily, associated with the Church, physical defect through accident. [Robson*,
p.209.]
With Venus: Ease, comfort and luxury, extravagant, gain by inheritance. [Robson*,
p.209.]
With Mars: Courageous, generous, military preferment, work in connection with metals.
[Robson*, p.209.]
With Jupiter: Business success, journeys, help from relatives, ecclesiastical preferment.
[Robson*, p.209.]
With Saturn: Steady, reserved, diplomatic, just, persevering, high position through
friends, favorable for home, gifts and legacies, domestic harmony. [Robson*, p.209.]
With Uranus: Gain and prominence in Uranian matters, help from influential friends, gain
through harmonious marriage, especially if male, sudden death. [Robson*, p.209.]
With Neptune: Intuitional, occult interests, religious, good organizing ability, success in
mercantile pursuits, banks or corporations, many influential friends, favorable for gain
and domestic matters, natural death. [Robson*, p.209.]
References:
Neptune
Diadem
Alpha () Coma Berenices, Diadem, refers to the wreath of jewels in Berenice's hair.
The astrological influences of the constellation Coma

Berenices
History and Legend: Added by Eratosthenes in A.D. 300. Berenice, the wife of Ptolemy
Euergetes, offered up her hair to Venus on condition that her husband returned safe from
the wars. The hair was placed in the temple but was stolen, and to appease the king's
wrath it was said that Venus had taken it into heaven to form a constellation. [Robson*,
p.39.]
Influences: It is said to give a suave and well-bred manner, with great personal charm, but
to lead to an idle and dissipated life. There is some love of, or ability for the stage. Lilly
states that the beginning of this constellation causes blindness or defective eyesight, and
it is probable that the part lying in Virgo has some influence over baldness. [Robson*,
p.39.]
References:
Chiron
Syrma
Iota () Virgo, Syrma, is a star in the train of the Virgin's dress.
Syrma is from Greek Surma, used by the second-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy to
designate this star on the Train of the Virgin's robe.

Iota ( Syrma), with kappa () and phi () it was mentioned in the first Arabian
translation of the Syntaxis as being in the h-imar, or "skirt," of the garment; but the
translator of the Latin edition of 1515, missing the point at the first letter, read the word
as himar, "an ass," so that this central one of these three stars strangely appears in that
work as in asino. They formed the 13th manzil (Arabic Moon Mansion), Al Ghafr, the
Covering, as the English astronomer Smyth (1788-1865) explains,
"because the beauty of the earth is hidden when they rise on the 18th Tishrin, or 1st of
November; others say on account of the shining of the stars being lessened as if covered;"
but the 13th century Persian astronomical writer Al Kazwini,
"because, when they rise, the earth robes herself in her splendour and finery, her
summer robes."
The Arabic word, however, is analogous to Greek Surma, and so may have been taken
from the second-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy; although the Persian astronomer Al
Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) quoted from Al Zajjaj Al Ghafar, the Tuft in the Lion's tail,
which it may have marked in the figure of the ancient Asad [Arabs had an enormous
Lion, their early Asad, extending over a third of the heavens, of which the stars Arcturus
and Spica were the shin-bones; Regulus, the forehead; the heads of Gemini, one of the
fore paws; Canis Minor, the other; and Corvus, the hind quarters. Many Arab starnames
come from this tradition. Star Names p.97.] Another signification of the word Ghafr is the
"Young Ibex." The Persian astronomer Al Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) also said that the Arabs
and quoted from a Rajaz poet:
"The best night forever Lies between Al Zubanah and Al Asad;"
adding that the horoscope of the Prophet lay here, and that the date of the birth of Moses
coincided with it.
As a lunar station these stars were the Sogdian Iranian Sarwa and the Khorasmian (east
of Persia) Shushak, the Leader; the Persian Hucru, the Good Goer; and the Coptic
people of Egypt Khambalia, Crooked-clawed, lambda ( Khambalia) being substituted
for phi (); and it is said that they were the Akkadian Lu Lim, the He Goat, Gazelle, or
Stag, the original perhaps also meaning "King," and employed for delta ( Auva).
Iota ( Syrma) alone, according to Hommel, was the Death Star, Mulu Bat.
Iota ( Syrma), kappa (), and upsilon () constituted the 13th sieu (Chinese Moon
Mansion), Kang, a Man's Neck, kappa () being the determining star; while, with the
preceding station, the united group was Sheu sing, as Edkins writes it, the Star of Old
Age; and, with others near, it may have been included in the Tien Mun mentioned at the
star eta ( Zaniah).
The Lunar Mansions
Iota ( Virgo), Syrma, with kappa () and phi () formed the 13th manzil (Arabic Moon
Mansion), Al Ghafr, the Covering. Another signification of the word Ghafr is the
"Young Ibex." The Persian astronomer Al Biruni (973-1048 A.D.) said that the Arabs
and quoted from a Rajaz poet: "The best night forever Lies between Al Zubanah and Al
Asad;"
Influences of the 13th Arabic Moon Mansion Al Ghafr: Favorable for extracting
treasures, digging pits, helps divorce, discord, the destruction of houses and enemies, and
hinders travelers.
With the Moon transiting here: unfortunate for anything. [Robson*, p.72.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo

Legend: This constellation is said to represent Erigone, daughter of Icarius, who hanged
herself through grief at the death of her father (Bootes). According to other accounts it is
Astraea, daughter of one of the Titans, who sided with the Gods against her own father.
[Robson*, p.66.]
Influences: Ptolemy makes the following observations; "The stars in the head of Virgo,
and that at the top of the southern wing, operate like Mercury and somewhat like Mars:
the other bright stars in the same wing, and those about the girdle, resemble Mercury in
their influence, and also Venus, moderately . . . those at the points of the feet and at the
bottom of the garments are like Mercury, and also Mars, moderately." By the Kabalists it
is associated with the Hebrew letter Gimel and the 3rd Tarot Trump "The Empress."
[Robson*, p.66-67.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo given by Manilius:
"spicifera est Virgo Cereris" "The Virgin with her sheaf belongs to Ceres".
[Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.117]
"Virginis in propriam descendunt ilia sortem", "the belly comes down to the Maid as
her rightful lot" [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century AD, p.119]
"At her rising Erigone (Virgo), who reigned with Justice over a bygone age and fled
when it fell into sinful ways, bestows high eminence by bestowing supreme power; she
will produce a man to direct the laws of the state and the sacred code; one who will tend
with reverence the hallowed temples of the gods." [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st century
AD, p.265]
"The temperaments of those whose span of life she pronounces at their birth Erigone
(Virgo) will direct to study, and she will train their minds in the learned arts. She will give
not so much abundance of wealth as the impulse to investigate the causes and effects of
things. On them she will confer a tongue which charms, the mastery of words, and that
mental vision which can discern all things, however concealed they be by the mysterious
workings of nature. From the Virgin will also come the stenographer: his letter represents
a word, and by means of his symbols he can keep ahead of utterance and record in novel
notation the long speech of a rapid speaker. But with the good there comes a flaw:
bashfulness handicaps the early years of such persons, for the Maid, by holding back their
great natural gifts, puts a bridle on their lips and restrains them by the curb of authority.
And (small wonder in a virgin) her offspring is not fruitful." [Astronomica, Manilius, 1st
century AD, p.237 and 239]
The astrological influences of the star Syrma

Said to be prominent in the charts of Mohammed and Moses, the Arabs considered this
star as the most fortunate of their lunar stations. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology,
George Noonan, 1990, p.32.]
Iota Virgo, Syrma, or Surma by its Greek titles, Al Ghafar is the name in in Arabic. Al
Ghafar means to cover, to protect and to suppress. The significance of this star and title
lies firstly in the heavy personal responsibility which is implicit in the occult questing and
acquisition of spiritual power seen in Khambalia (6 Scorpius) and secondly in the Islamic
concept of Istighafar. [The Living Stars, Dr. Eric Morse, p.74.]
References:
South Node
Grafias
Zeta2 (2) Scorpius, along with the smaller zeta1 (1), is situated in the tail of the Scorpion.
The astrological influences of the constellation Scorpius

Ptolemy makes the following observations: "The bright stars in the front of the body of
Scorpio have an effect similar to that produced by the influence of Mars, and partly to
that produced by Saturn: the three in the body itself . . . are similar to Mars and
moderately to Jupiter: those in the joints of the tail are like Saturn and partly like Venus:
those in the sting, like Mercury and Mars." By the Kabalists Scorpio is associated with
the Hebrew letter Oin and the 16th Tarot Trump "The Lightning-Struck Tower."
[Robson*, p.60-61.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Scorpio given by Manilius:
"The Scorpion presides over arms" [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 4,
p.253]
"By virtue of his tail armed with its powerful sting, wherewith, when conducting the
Sun's chariot through his sign, he cleaves the soil and sows seed in the furrow, the
Scorpion creates natures ardent for war and active service, and a spirit which rejoices in
plenteous bloodshed and in carnage more than in plunder. Why, these men spend even
peace under arms; they fill the glades and scour the woods; they wage fierce warfare now
against man, now against beast, and now they sell their persons to provide the spectacle
of death and to perish in the arena, when, warfare in abeyance, they each find themselves
foes to attack. There are those, too, who enjoy mock-fights and jousts in arms (such is
their love of fighting) and devote their leisure to the study of war and every pursuit which
arises from the art of war." [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, p.239-240].
References:
Lilith
Vega
Alpha () Lyra, Vega, is a pale sapphire star in the Lyre.
Wega, less correctly Vega, originated in the Alfonsine Tables from the Waki of the
Arabs, Bayer having both titles; Scaliger, Waghi; Riccioli, Vuega vel Vagieh; and
Assemani, Veka.
The Greeks called it Lura, which; in the 16th-century Almagests and Tables, was turned
into Allore, Alahore, and Alohore.
Among Latin writers it was Lyra, in classical days as in later, seen in the Almagest of
1551 as Fulgens quae in testa est & vocatur Lyra; and in Flamsteed's Testa fulgida dicta
Lyra; but Cicero also used Fidis specially for the star, as did Columella and Pliny, Fides
and Fidicula, its preeminent brightness fully accounting for the usurpation of so many of
its constellation's titles, indeed undoubtedly originating them. In Holland's translation of
Pliny it is the Harp-star.
The Romans made much of it, for the beginning of their autumn was indicated by its
morning setting. It was this star that, when the hour of its rising was alluded to, called
forth Cicero's remark, "Yes, if the edict allows it," a contemptuous reference to
Caesar's arbitrary, yet sensible, interference with the course of ancient time in the
reformation of the calendar, an interference that occasioned as much dissatisfaction in his
day as did Pope Gregory's reform in the 16th century.
Sayce identifies Wega, in Babylonian astronomy, with Dilgan, the Messenger of Light, a
name also applied to other stars; and Brown writes of it:
At one time Vega was the Pole-star called in Akkadian Tir-anna ("Life of Heaven"), and
in Assyrian Dayan-same ("Judge of Heaven"), as having the highest seat therein;
but fourteen millenniums have passed since Wega occupied that position!
The Chinese included alpha ( Vega) with epsilon () and zeta () in their Chih Neu, the
Spinning Damsel, or the Weaving Sister, at one end of the Magpies' Bridge over the
Milky Way, Aquila, their Cow Herdsman, being at the other; but the story, although a
popular one not only in China, but also in Korea and Japan, is told with many variations,
parts of Cygnus sometimes being introduced.
These same three stars were the 20th nakshatra, Abhijit, Victorious, the most northern of
these stellar divisions and far out of the moon's path, but apparently utilized to bring in
this splendid object; or, as Mueller says, because it was of specially good omen, for under
its influence the gods had vanquished the Asuras; these last being the Hindu divinities of
evil, similar to the Titans of Greece. It was the doubtful one of that country's lunar
stations, included in some, but omitted in others of their lists in all ages of their
astronomy, and entirely different from the corresponding manzil and sieu, which lay in
Capricorn. The Hindus figured it as a {p.286} Triangle, or as the three-cornered nut of
the aquatic plant Cringata, Wega marking its junction with the adjoining ravana.
Hewitt says that in Egypt it was Ma'at, the Vulture-star, when it marked the pole, this
was 12,000 to 11,000 B.C. (!), and Lockyer, that it was the orientation point of some
of the temples at Denderah long antecedent to the time when gamma Draco (Etamin)
and Ursa Major (Dubhe) were so used, probably 7000 B.C., one of the oldest
dates claimed by him in connection with Egyptian temple worship.
Owing to precession, it will be the Polaris of about 11,500 years hence, by far the
brightest in the whole circle of successive pole-stars, and then 4 from the exact point,
as it was about 14,300 years ago. In 1880 it was 5120' distant. Professor Lewis Boss and
Herr Stumpe place near it the Apex of the Sun's Way.
With epsilon () and zeta () it formed one of the Arabs' several Athfiyy, this one being
"of the people," while the others, fainter in Aries, Draco, Musca, and Orion, were "of the
astronomers"; for sky objects are often very plain to them that are invisible to the
ordinary observer.
Vega, along with Deneb Adige in the Swan, and Altair in the Eagle, forms the Great
Summer Triangle. [Robson*].
The Lunar Mansions
Alpha ( Vega) with epsilon () and zeta () were the 20th nakshatra, Abhijit, Victorious,
the most northern of these stellar divisions and far out of the moon's path, but apparently
utilized to bring in this splendid object; or, as Mueller says, because it was of specially
good omen, for under its influence the gods had vanquished the Asuras; these last being
the Hindu divinities of evil, similar to the Titans of Greece. The symbol is a Triangle or
Three-Cornered Nut. It is an asterism belonging to the Vaisya caste (traders) and is used
only in horary astrology. [Robson*, p.84.]
No further astrological influences are given for Abhijit by Robson.
The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra

Legend: Mercury found the body of a tortoise cast up by the Nile, and discovered that by
striking the sinews after the flesh was consumed a musical note was obtained. He made a
lyre of similar shape, having three strings, and gave it to Orpheus, the son of Calliope,
who by its music enchanted the beasts, birds and rocks. After Orpheus was slain by the
Thracian women, Jupiter placed the lyre in heaven at the request of Apollo and the
Muses. This constellation was often called Vultur Cadens, or the Falling Grype by the
ancients. [Robson*, p.50.]
Influences: "According to Ptolemy Lyra (a musical instrument) is like Venus and
Mercury. It is said to give an harmonious, poetical and developed nature, fond of music
and apt in science and art, but inclined to theft. By the Kabalists it is associated with the
Hebrew letter Daleth and the 4th Tarot Trump, The Emperor". [Robson*, p.51.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra given by Manilius:
"... and one may see among the stars the Lyre, its arms spread apart in heaven, with which
in time gone by Orpheus charmed all that his music reached, making his way even to the
ghosts of the dead and causing the decrees of hell to yield to his song. Wherefore it has
honour in heaven and power to match its origin: then it drew in its train forests and rocks;
now it leads the stars after it and makes off with the vast orb of the revolving sky".
[Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 1, p.30]
"Next, with the rising of the Lyre, there floats forth from Ocean the shape of the tortoiseshell testudinis), which under the fingers of its heir (Mercury) gave forth sound only after
death; once with it did Orpheus, Oeagrus' son, impart sleep to waves, feeling to rocks,
hearing to trees, tears to Pluto, and finally a limit to death. Hence will come endowments
of song and tuneful strings, hence pipes of different shapes which prattle melodiously,
and whatever is moved to utterance by touch of hand or force of breath. The child of the
Lyre will sing beguiling songs at the banquet, his voice adding mellowness to the wine
and holding the night in thrall. Indeed, even when harassed by cares, he will rehearse
some secret strain, tuning his voice to a stealthy hum and, left to himself, he will ever
burst into song which can charm no ears but his own. Such are the ordinances of the Lyre,
which at the rising of Libra's twenty-sixth degree will direct its prongs to the stars".
[Manilius, book 5, Astronomica, 1st century AD, p.327].
The astrological influences of the star Vega

Note: Vega is listed under Wega in Robson's book Fixed Stars and Constellations in
Astrology.
According to Ptolemy it is of the nature of Venus and Mercury; and, to Alvidas, of Saturn
in trine to Jupiter from the earthy signs especially Capricorn and Taurus. It gives
beneficence, ideality, hopefulness, refinement and changeability, and makes its natives
grave, sober, outwardly pretentious and usually lascivious. [Robson*, p.216.]
In a good cosmic configuration, Vega is supposed to give artistic talents especially for
music and acting, but also a liking for good living. With eccentric artists, this may lead to
a debauched life. Tied up with Jupiter or Venus, Vega is said to pave the way to riches
and fame. However, if other influences play a part, this wealth may be lost again. High
success is promised if Vega is positioned on the Asc or MC. One can find Vega in
corresponding aspects in birth charts of statesmen, politicians, persons of importance and
influential persons with adequate aspects. In connection with the Moon or Neptune a
tendency for occult and mysticism may be given. [Fixed Stars and Their Interpretation,
Elsbeth Ebertin, 1928, p.75-76.]
Associated with wealth and pretentiousness. [Larousse Encyclopedia of astrology].
If Rising: Can be trained in duties of court. Avengers of crimes and in charge of public
courts and inquires. If Saturn is in any aspect with Vega when rising, the native will
pursue this vocation with a fanaticism to the point of utilizing tortures and executions to
stamp out what he considers evil. [Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, George Noonan,
1990, p.12.]
With Sun: Critical, abrupt, reserved, unpopular, fleeting honors, influential position,
insincere friends. If with Mars also, above the earth, and the Moon be with Procyon,
death from the bite of a mad dog. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Moon: Public disgrace, probably through forgery, loss through writings, some illhealth, success in business, gain through an annuity or pension. If a malefic be with
Scheat, violent death. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Mercury: Suspicious, reserved, bitter, thwarted ambitions, double dealing, secret
enemies in influential positions, trouble with the mother, loss in business. [Robson*,
p.217.]
With Venus: Hard-hearted, cold, miserly, ill-health, ugliness or deformity. [Robson*,
p.217.]
With Mars: Scientific interests, unpopular opinions, moral courage, favorable for gain.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Jupiter: Loss through legal affairs, favorable for gain, danger of imprisonment.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Saturn: Strong passions, opinionated, original, many Mercurial difficulties,
reputation suffers through wrongful accusations, trouble with superiors, domestic
difficulties, few, if any, children, latter half of life more favorable, sudden death.
[Robson*, p.217.]
With Uranus: Critical, abrupt, reserved, strong passions, materialistic, many
disappointments, domestic sorrow, much gain and loss, many open and secret enemies,
accidental or violent death. [Robson*, p.217.]
With Neptune: Timid, fond of music, occult interests, practical and scientific mind,
associated with occult societies, material success, home may be broken up, liable to
accidents, natural death in old age especially when Mars is in favorable aspect. [Robson*,
p.217.]
References:
Moon
Kurdah
Xi () Cepheus, Kurdah, is a star located on the neck or chest of the upside-down figure
of the Ethiopian King.
The 13th century Persian astronomical writer Al Kazwini called this Al Kurhah, an
Arabic word that the German astronomer Ideler (1766-1846) translated as a white spot, or
blaze, in the face of a horse; but thinking this not a proper stellar name, suggested Al
Kirdah, the Ape.

The astrological influences of the constellation Cepheus

Legend: Cepheus, King of thiopia, was taken into heaven with his wife Cassiopeia and
daughter Andromeda in commemoration of the deeds of Perseus. [Robson*, p.37.]
Influences: According to Ptolemy, Cepheus is like Saturn and Jupiter. It gives authority
and a sober mind, sometimes making its natives judges or arbitrators, but exposes to cruel
and severe trials. If Mars afflicts the luminaries from Cepheus, especially if in an angle, it
causes death by hanging, decapitation, crucifixion or impalement. By the Kabalists this
constellation is associated with the Hebrew letter Shin and the 22nd Tarot Trump "The
Fool." [Robson*, p.37.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Cepheus given by Manilius:
"Cepheus will not engender dispositions inclined to sport. He fashions faces marked by a
stern demeanor, and moulds a countenance whereon is depicted gravity of mind. Such
men will live on worry and will incessantly recall the traditions of a bygone age and
commend old Cato's maxims [Cato the censor].
"Cepheus will also create a man to bring up boys of tender age he will lord it over his
lord [dominum dominus] by virtue of the law which governs a minor and, bemused by
this semblance of power, will mistake for reality the role of arrogant guardian or stern
uncle which he plays.
"Offspring of Cepheus (those influenced astrologically by Cepheus) will also furnish
words for the buskin of tragedy [translator's note; on the 2nd-century Farnese globe
Cepheus is depicted in the garb of a tragic actor] whose pen, if only on paper, is drenched
in blood; and the paper [the audience at a performance], no less will revel in the spectacle
of crime and catastrophe in human affairs. They will delight to tell of scarce one burial
accorded three [translator's note; Thyestes unwittingly ate his three sons, whom, their
extremities cut off, his brother Atreus served up to him as a meal: the burial incomplete
because the sons were not completely eaten, took place in the father's stomach - Cicero,
who perhaps quotes the Atreus of Accius]. The father belching forth the flesh of his sons,
the sun fled in horror, and the darkness of a cloudless day; they will delight to narrate the
Theban war between a mother's issue [between Eteocles and Polynices] and one
[Oedipus] who was both father and brother to his children; the story of Medea's sons, her
brother and her father, the gift which was first robe and then consuming flame, the escape
by air, and youth reborn from fire. A thousand other scenes from the past will they
include in their plays and perhaps Cepheus himself will also be brought upon the stage.
"If anyone is born with the urge to write in lighter vein, he will compose for presentation
at the merry games scenes of comedy about the loves of headstrong youths and abducted
maidens, hood-winked old men, and slaves of infinite resource. In such plays Menander
made his own day live for all generations: a man whose eloquence surpassed that of his
native Athens [translator's note; and that when its language attained its richest bloom], he
held up a mirror to life and enshrined the image in his works.
"Should his powers not rise to such masterpieces, the child of Cepheus will yet be fitted
to perform those of others he will interpret the poet's words, now by his voice, now by
silent gesture and expression, and the lines he declaims he will make his own.
"On stage he will take the part of Romans or the mighty heroes of myth; he will assume
every role himself, one after another, and in his single person represent a crowd; he will
draw over his limbs the aspect of fortune's every vicissitude and his gestures will match
the songs of the chorus; he will convince you that you see Troy's actual fall and Priam
expiring before your very eyes." [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 5, p.336341]
References:
Mars
Rucha
Delta () Cassiopeia, Rucha, is a star on the knee of the Ethiopian Queen.
Rucha is the modern name for , but it had the Arabic titles: Ruchbah, sometimes
Rucba and Rucbar, from Al Rukbah, the Knee.
It was utilized by Picard in France, in 1669, in determining latitudes during his measure
of an arc of the meridian, the first use of the telescope for geodetic purposes.
The astrological influences of the constellation

Cassiopeia
Legend: Cassiopeia, the the wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, was taken into
heaven in consideration of the deeds of Perseus (see Andromeda). She is said to have
boasted that not only Andromeda but she herself was fairer than the Nereids, and for that
reason she was bound to her chair and condemned to circle the pole head downwards as a
lesson in humility. [Robson*, p.36.]
Influences: According to Ptolemy this constellation is of the nature of Saturn and Venus.
It is said to give haughtiness, boastfulness and exaggerated pride, but at the same time the
power of commanding respect. It is associated by the Kabalists with the Hebrew letter
Beth and the 2nd Tarot Trump "The High Priestess." [Robson*, p.36.]
The astrological influences of the constellation Cassiopeia given by Manilius:
"Cassiope will produce goldsmiths who can turn their work into a thousand different
shapes, endow the precious substance with yet greater value, and add thereto the vivid
hue of Jewels. From Cassiope come the gifts of Augustus which gleam in the temples he
consecrated, where the blaze of gold rivals the sun's brightness and the fires of gems flash
forth light out of shadow. From Cassiope come the memorials of Pompey's triumph of old
and the trophies which bear the features of Mithridates: they remain to this very day,
spoils undimmed by the passage of time, their sparkle as fresh as ever.
"From Cassiope come the enhancement of beauty and devices for adorning the body:
from gold has been sought the means to give grace to the appearance; precious stones
have been spread over head, neck, and hands and golden chains have shone on snowwhite feet. What products would a grand lady like Cassiope prefer her sons to handle
rather than those she could turn to her own employments? And that material for such
employment should not be lacking, she bids men look for gold beneath the ground,
uproot all which nature stealthily conceals, and turn earth upside down in search of gain;
she bids them detect the treasure in lumps of ore and finally, for all its reluctance, expose
it to a sky it has never seen. The son of Cassiope will also count greedily the yellow
sands, and drench a dripping beach with a new flood; he will make small weights to
measure the tiny grains, or else will collect the wealth of gold-foaming Pactolus
[Pactolus]; or he will smelt lumps of silver, separating the hidden metal and causing the
mineral to flow forth in a running stream; otherwise he will become a trader of the metals
produced by these two craftsmen, ever ready to change coinage of the one metal into
wares of the other. Such are the inclinations which Cassiope will fashion in those born
under her" [Manilius, Astronomica, book 5, 1st century AD, p.343.]
References:
Venus
Merope
Fl. 23 Taurus, Merope, is one of the Pleiades or Seven Sisters, a group of stars on the
shoulder of the Bull. Both Merope are Electra are considered to be "the Lost Pleiad."
Fl. 23, Merope, or d, 5, silvery white.
Merope often is considered the Lost Pleiad, because, having married a mortal, the crafty
Sisyphus, she hid her face in shame when she thought of her sisters' alliances with the
gods, and realized that she had thrown herself away. She seems, however, to have
recovered her equanimity, being now much brighter than some of the others. The name
itself signifies "Mortal."
This star is enveloped in a faintly extended, triangular, nebulous haze, visually discovered
by Tempel in October, 1859; and there is a small, distinct nebula, discovered by Barnard
in November, 1890, close by Merope, almost hidden in its radiance, although intrinsically
very bright.
not in orb:
The history of the star: Maia

Fl. 20 Taurus, or Bessel's c, Maia, is one of the Pleiades or Seven Sisters, a group of stars
on the shoulder of the Bull.
Legend: The eldest of the Pleiades, or Seven Sisters in Taurus. Maia was said to have
surpassed her sisters in beauty. Maia of Greek myth had an affair with Zeus and gave
birth to Hermes. Later became foster-mother to Arcas (Ursa Minor) who was the son of
Zeus and Callisto (Ursa Major) during the period while Callisto was a bear, and before
Callisto and Arcas were placed in the heavens by Zeus (she as Ursa Major, he as either
Ursa Minor). This is also the goddess Maia of the Romans who was the mother of
Mercury and to which the month of May was particularly dedicated. She was the
supporter of Vulcan.
Multi ante occasum Maiae coepere.
Vergil's (70-19 B.C.) 1st Georgic.
Maia appears in the motto as personifying all the Pleiad stars, and the poet cautions the
farmer against sowing his grain before the time of its setting.
She was the first-born and most beautiful of the sisters, and some have said that her star
was the most luminous of the group; in fact, the Italian astronomer Riccioli (1598-1671),
in his Almagestum Novum, distinctly wrote of Maia: dicta lucida Pleiadum & tertii
honoris, quae mater Mercurii perhibetur, although in the Astronomia Reformata his
"Alcinoe" is the lucida (brightest star); so that we are uncertain which of these stars was
the Pleias that he used for some one of the group. But the mythological importance of the
goddess whose name Maia bears would indicate that the Italian astronomer Riccioli
(1598-1671) may have been correct as to the first of these identifications, and that the
titles of the two stars perhaps should be interchanged.
The name also is written Mea and Maja, the feminine form of majus, an older form of
magnus. Cicero had the word Majja, calling the Pleiad Sanctissima, for in his day Maia
was only another figure for the great and much named Rhea-Cybele, Fauna, Faula, Fatua,
Ops, familiarly known as Ma, or Maia Maiestas, the Bona Dea, or Great and Fruitful
Mother, who gave name to the Roman month, our May.
Ovid (43 B.C.-18?A.D.) added to her title Pleias uda, the Moist Pleiad, as another
symbol for the group; and Dante used her title for the planet Mercury, as the Atlantid was
mother of that god.
The equivalent Maou, for the Pleiades in China, is singularly like the Latin word.

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*South Node

The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra

The astrological influences of the star Vega

group of stars on the shoulder of the Bull.

The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo

The astrological influences of the star Syrma

The astrological influences of the constellation Carina

frequently found to be connected with drowning. [Robson*, p.30.]

The astrological influences of the constellation Canes

The astrological influences of the constellation Crater

The astrological influences of the star Alkes

The astrological influences of the constellation Taurus

The astrological influences of the star El Nath

The Belt of Orion

The astrological influences of the constellation Orion

The astrological influences of the star Mintaka

Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter. It gives good fortune. [Robson*, p.177.]

Whom men the dog-star of Orion call.

Great Sirius, the mighty Sun

The astrological influences of the constellation Canis

to Cephalus; or finally one of the dogs of Orion. [Robson*, p.34.]

The astrological influences of the star Sirius

The astrological influences of the constellation Coma

designate this star on the Train of the Virgin's robe.

The astrological influences of the constellation Virgo

The astrological influences of the star Syrma

The astrological influences of the constellation Scorpius

*[Fixed Stars and Constellations in Astrology, Vivian E. Robson, 1923].

The astrological influences of the constellation Lyra

The astrological influences of the star Vega

Kirdah, the Ape.

The astrological influences of the constellation Cepheus

The astrological influences of the constellation

The history of the star: Maia

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