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HW1 Sol

This document contains the details of homework assignment 1 for an ECE 476 power systems analysis course. It includes 5 practice problems covering topics like calculating equivalent circuits, complex power, power factor correction, and transmission line power flow. The problems involve setting up and solving systems of equations using concepts of complex voltages and currents, phasor representations, and circuit analysis approaches.

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Ismael Khalil
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356 views4 pages

HW1 Sol

This document contains the details of homework assignment 1 for an ECE 476 power systems analysis course. It includes 5 practice problems covering topics like calculating equivalent circuits, complex power, power factor correction, and transmission line power flow. The problems involve setting up and solving systems of equations using concepts of complex voltages and currents, phasor representations, and circuit analysis approaches.

Uploaded by

Ismael Khalil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 2013

Homework 1

Due Date: Thursday September 5, 2013


Reading: Chapters 1 and 2 of GS&O
Problem 1. With |V | = 100 V, the instantaneous power p(t) into a network N has a maximum value
1707 W and a minimum value of -293 W.
1. Find a possible series RL circuit equivalent to N .
Define v(t) and i(t) of the network N as
v(t) =
i(t) =

2V cos(t + V ),
2I cos(t + I ).

Then, the instantaneous power into N is


p(t) = v(t)i(t) = 2V I cos(t + V ) cos(t + I )
= V I [cos(V I ) + cos(2t + V + I )] .
The maximum value of p(t) occurs when cos(2t + V + I ) = 1 and, similarly, the minimum value
of p(t) occurs when cos(2t + V + I ) = 1. So we have the following 2 equations:
Pmax = V I cos(V I ) + V I = 1707 W

Pmin = V I cos(V I ) V I = 293 W

Subtracting one from the other, we get


2V I = 1707 + 293 = V I = 1000 W = I = 10 A,
and adding the two and substituting V I = 1000 in, we get
2V I cos(V I ) = 2000 cos(V I ) = 1414 = V I = cos

1414
2000

= 45 .

An inductive load causes current to lag the voltage, so we get V I = 45 . Now we use V = 100V
and I = 10I to get
V
100V
Z=
=
= 10(V I ) = 1045 .
I
10I
Finally we obtain R = R(Z) = 7.07 and L = I(Z) = 7.07 = L = 0.0188 H.

2. Find S = P + jQ into N .
Using the voltage and current phasors from above, we get
S = V I = (100V )(10I ) = (100V )(10(I )) = 1000(V I ) = 100045 .
So S = P + jQ, where P = R(S) = 707 W and Q = I(S) = 707 Var.
3. Find the maximum instantaneous power into L and compare with Q.
The instantaneous power into L is
pL (t) = vL (t)i(t) = L

di
i(t) = L 2I sin(t + I ) 2I cos(t + I )
dt
= 2LI 2 sin(t + I ) cos(t + I )
= LI 2 sin(2t + 2I ).

The maximum value of pL (t) occurs when sin(2t + 2I ) = 1, and at this point,
pL,max = LI 2 = 260(0.0188)(102 ) = 707 W,
which is equal to Q.
Problem 2. A certain 1 load draws 5 MW at 0.7 power factor lagging. Determine the reactive power
required from a parallel capacitor to bring the power factor of the parallel combination up to 0.9.
With the current power factor of 0.7 lagging, we solve the following for the current Q:
tan(cos1 (0.7)) =

Qcur
Qcur
=
= Qcur = 5.101 MVar
P
5

To reach a power factor of 0.9 lagging, we solve the following for the desired Q:
tan(cos1 (0.9)) =

Qdes
Qdes
=
= Qdes = 2.422 MVar
P
5

Therefore, the reactive power required from a parallel capacitor to bring the power factor to 0.9 is
Qcap = Qcur Qdes = 5.101 2.422 = 2.679 MVar
Problem 3. A 3 load draws 200 kW at a PF of 0.707 lagging from a 440-V line. In parallel is a 3
capacitor bank that supplies 50 kVAr. Find the resultant power factor and current (magnitude) into the
parallel combination.
In each phase, the load draws 200/3 kW at a PF of 0.707 lagging. So we solve for the reactive power
that the load draws in each phase as follows:
tan(cos1 (0.0707)) =

Qload,1
Qload,1
=
= Qload,1 = 66.69 kVar.
Pload,1
200/3

With the capacitor bank in parallel, the combined reactive power drawn becomes
Qcombo,1 = Qload,1 Qcap,1 = 66.69 50/3 = 50.02 kVar.
2

So the power factor of the combination is





50.02
cos tan1
= 0.7999 0.8 lagging
200/3
The current magnitude into the combination is
q
p
2 + Q2
P1
combo,1
|Scombo,1 |
(200/3)2 + 50.022
|Icombo,1 | =
=
=
= 189 A, per phase
|V |
|V |
440
Problem 4. A 1 load draws 10 kW from a 416-V line at a power factor of 0.9 lagging.
1. Find S = P + jQ.
At power factor 0.9 lagging, the complex power drawn is solved as
tan(cos1 (0.9)) =

Q
Q
=
= Q = 4.84 kVar.
P
10

Then, S = 10 + j4.84 kVA.


2. Find |I|.

|S|
|I| =
=
|V |

102 + 4.842
= 26.7 A
416

3. Assume that I = 0 and find the instantaneous power p(t).

p(t) = v(t)i(t) = 2V cos(t + V ) 2I cos(t)


= 2V I cos(t + V ) cos(t)
= V I cos V + V I cos(2t + V )
= P + V I [cos(2t) cos V sin(2t) sin V ]

= P + V I cos V cos(2t) V I sin V sin(2t)

= P + P cos(2t) Q sin(2t)

= P (1 + cos(2t)) Q sin(2t)

= 10(1 + cos(2t)) 4.84 sin(2t) kW

Problem 5. A small manufacturing plant is located 2km down a transmission line, which has a series
reactance of 0.5 /km. The line resistance is negligible. The line voltage plant is 4800 V (rms), and
the plant consumes 120 kW at 0.85 power factor lagging. Determine the voltage and power factor at the
sending end of the transmission line by using:
1. A complex power approach.
The load draws 120 kW at 0.85 power factor lagging. We solve for the reactive power drawn by the
load as
Ql oad
Qload
=
= Qload = 74.37 kVar.
tan(cos1 (0.85)) =
Pload
120
Therefore, the complex power drawn by the load is Sload = 120 + j74.37 kVA. We can now solve for
the current into the load as




120 + j74.37
Sload
= 294.1(31.79 ) A.
=
I=
Vload
4800
3

The loss in the line can be computed as

= Zline Iload I = j2(0.5)294.12 = j86.51 kVA.


Sline = Vline Iline

Thus, the complex power supplied by the source is


Ssource = Sload + Sline = 120 + j74.37 + j86.51 = 120 + j160.88 kVA = 200.753.28 kVA.
So the power factor at the sending end is cos(53.28 ) = 0.598, lagging.
Finally, the voltage at the sending end is
Vsource =

Ssource
200.753.28
=
= 682.421.5 V.
I
294.131.79

2. A circuit analysis approach.


Using KVL, we have
Vsource = Zline I + Vload = j1(294.1(31.79 )) + 480 = 682.421.5 V.
And the power factor is cos(V I ) = cos(21.5 + 31.79 ) = 0.598, lagging.

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