Scribd
Upload
396 views17 pages

Lecture - 3 - Mapping and Scales PDF

The document discusses various topics related to mapping, including: - The advantages of using computers for drawing maps, such as no deformation, easy modifications, and faster production. - Different types of map classifications based on purpose, material, color, and scale. Maps can be detailed, topographic, geological, etc. - Various north directions that can be used on maps, including true, magnetic, grid, and arbitrary north. - Methods for arranging multiple maps numerically, alphabetically, or using alphanumeric schemes. - Definitions of map scale and different types of graphical scales like linear and net scales used for measuring distances on maps.

Uploaded by

Youssif Sedeak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
396 views17 pages

Lecture - 3 - Mapping and Scales PDF

The document discusses various topics related to mapping, including: - The advantages of using computers for drawing maps, such as no deformation, easy modifications, and faster production. - Different types of map classifications based on purpose, material, color, and scale. Maps can be detailed, topographic, geological, etc. - Various north directions that can be used on maps, including true, magnetic, grid, and arbitrary north. - Methods for arranging multiple maps numerically, alphabetically, or using alphanumeric schemes. - Definitions of map scale and different types of graphical scales like linear and net scales used for measuring distances on maps.

Uploaded by

Youssif Sedeak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Mapping

Faculty of Engineering and Technology


Structural Department - Year 1

(Planimetric Surveying 1)

SCM 221

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Basic map

Mapping

Map Title

Map no.

Key Map

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Information Table
Project

Owner

Surveying Works

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Map title

Map No.

Scale

Date

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Computer Advantage in drawing maps

1- No deformation in storage
2- Easy to store
3- Easy to duplicate and plot
4- Any modification can be done easily
5- Choosing the appropriate scale

6- Faster than manual methods


7- Any accuracy required

8- Less required time for production


9- Deals with coordinates
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Map Classification

A) According to purpose
1- Detail Maps (all natural and artificial features)
2- Cadastral Maps (land ownership boundaries)
3- Engineering Maps (design and construction)
4- Topographic Maps
5- Geological Maps

(terrain mapping)

(soil and surface rocks)

6- Geodetic Maps (taking Earths curvature into consideration)


7- Metrological Maps

(temperature, wind and humidity)

8- Tourism Maps (leisure, museums, shopping, directions)


9- Marine Maps
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

(water depth)

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Map Classification

Mapping

B) According to material
1- Paper Map
2- Water Proof & Thermal Map

3- Transparent Map

C) According to color
1- Black and White
2- Colored

D) According to size
Ao, A1, A2, A3, A4, Ao Special roles
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Scale

Mapping
E) According to scale
1- Large Scale

1:100, 1:250, 1:500 (Detail Maps)

2- Medium Scale

1:1000 (City Maps), 1:2500 (Cadastral Maps),


1:5000 (Base Maps)

3- Small Scale

1:10000, 1:25000, 1:50000, 1:100000,


1:500000, 1:1000000 (Geodetic & Topographic Maps)

Factors affecting choice of map scale


1- Purpose of map
2- Importance of project
3- Required accuracy
4- Size of map sheet
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

North Directions

Has to be drawn on any map for orientation


1- Geographic (True) North
Tangent to the meridian passing by the
point towards North Pole

2- Magnetic North
It is the direction pointed by the
magnetic needle of the compass
- Changes from one point to another
- Affected by any magnetic field

- True North Magnetic North = Magnetic Declination


Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

North Directions

3- Grid North
- As tangent to meridians are not parallel, then North
directions are not parallel
- Use only one North for the whole surveyed area which
is the tangent to the mean meridian of surveyed area

4- Arbitrary (Assumed) North


Assumed in any direction
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Map Arrangement

Mapping

If no. of maps (n) > 1


Maps are arranged:

Numerical
1

Alphabetical
A

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Alpha-numeric

(1<n<10)

A-1
B-1

A-2
B-2

A-3
B-3

C-1

C-2

C-3

(10<n<26)

Lecture 3

Any no. of maps

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Basic Definitions

Mapping

Scale:
Is the ratio between a length on map to its corresponding
length in field

Types of Scales
Numerical e.g. 1:1000

Graphical
Linear

Net

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

Easy but needs


calculations

Very low accuracy


when maps Shrinks
and elongates

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

10

Trial

Mapping

First: a ruler was designed and drawn on map


Say Scale 1:500
0

10

15

20

25

30

MUST be 1cm
- No calculations needed
Do not scale
- Shrinks and elongates with the map and
faces the same conditions
- Low accuracy
Here minimum reading = 5m
Error = 5m
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

11

Linear Scale

Mapping

Design a linear graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 1m.


Show a reading 13m on this scale (10+3)
No. of divisions =

Main accuracy

= 5m = 5 divisions

Required accuracy

1m

13

54321 0

10

Minimum reading = required accuracy

- No calculations needed

15

20

25

Optional

MUST be 1cm
Do not scale

- Higher accuracy than ruler but to a certain limit

- Overcome Shrinkage and Elongation


Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

12

Mapping

Measuring distances on a map

Show how to use this scale to


measure a distance on map?
using divider
3

Distance on map

54321 0

10

15

20

25

Distance =13.4m
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

13

Net (Diagonal) Scale

Mapping

Design a net graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 0.25m.


Show a reading 12.75m on this scale (10+2+0.75)
No. of divisions =
1
0.75

Main accuracy
Required accuracy

= 5m = 20 divisions
0.25m
10 Hz x 2 VL

12.75

0.5

0.25

2 Hz x 10 VL

Min on Hz scale = Max on VL scale


Complete whole scale

4 Hz x 5 VL

5 Hz x 4 VL

Minimum reading = Required accuracy


Preferred Hz div VL div.
High accuracy

5 4321 0

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

10

15

20

25

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

MUST
be 1cm
14

Mapping

Measuring distances on a map


6

Show how to use this scale to 1


5
measure
a distance on map? using divider
1
4
0.75
3

Distance on map

0.5
0.25
0

54321 0

Distance =13.75m

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

10

15

20

25

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

15

Notes

Mapping

Design a linear graphical scale 1:250 with accuracy 1m.


No. of divisions =
No. of divisions =

Main accuracy
Required accuracy
Main accuracy

= 2.5m = 2.5 divisions


1m
= 5m = 5 divisions

Required accuracy
Instead of 1cm

54321 0

1m

2.5m make 2cm

10

MUST be 2cm
instead of 1cm

5m

15

20

25

- Max no. of Hz divisions = 10


- Scale could be with any NO. and any ACCURACY e.g. 1:25000 with accuracy 10m
- No need to mention linear or net, accuracy will determine scale used based on no.
of divisions

- Nowadays this is done using AutoCAD not manual

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

16

You might also like