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4 Handouts: (I) Syllabus (Ii) Useful References (Iii) Class Exam

This document summarizes key points from the first class of MET 5113, Advanced Atmospheric Dynamics I: 1) The instructor introduced four handouts including the syllabus and discussed the goal of the course to develop quantitative dynamics skills to understand research articles. 2) Advice for students includes carefully reading notes, forming study groups, keeping a list of questions, and purchasing relevant books. 3) The reading assignment covers vector and tensor analysis, including decomposing vectors into Cartesian components, defining a direction cosine matrix to relate components between different coordinate systems.

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52 views5 pages

4 Handouts: (I) Syllabus (Ii) Useful References (Iii) Class Exam

This document summarizes key points from the first class of MET 5113, Advanced Atmospheric Dynamics I: 1) The instructor introduced four handouts including the syllabus and discussed the goal of the course to develop quantitative dynamics skills to understand research articles. 2) Advice for students includes carefully reading notes, forming study groups, keeping a list of questions, and purchasing relevant books. 3) The reading assignment covers vector and tensor analysis, including decomposing vectors into Cartesian components, defining a direction cosine matrix to relate components between different coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

sonkarravinder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METR 5113, Advanced Atmospheric Dynamics I


Alan Shapiro, Instructor
Mon, 18 August, 2014 (first day of class)
4 handouts: (i) syllabus (ii) useful references (iii) class exam
time (please fill out and return by next Monday!), and (iv) greek
alphabet.
Class introductions.
The 4 handouts.
Goal of course: develop quantitative skills in dynamics so that
you can read/understand journal articles in dynamics (e.g. J.
Atmos. Sci., Mon. Weather Rev., Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.)
as well as perform research. This course is an in-depth study of
basic concepts in dynamics -- it's not a survey course.
Advice:
1. Read the notes carefully. Be sure you understand the
derivations thoroughly and can reproduce them.
2. Form study groups to discuss the material.
3. Keep a running list of questions to ask me/others.
4. Buy or borrow books to help amplify material you find
particularly interesting (or to help shore up material you are
having difficulty with). Don't skimp on books -- they're an
investment in your future.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Reading: Kundu: Author's notes, Ch1 (skip sfc tension) and Ch2

Vector and Cartesian Tensor Analysis (Ch 2 of Kundu).


Consider a Cartesian coord system w/ unit vectors e 1, e 2, e 3
in the x1, x2 and x3 directions (a right-handed triple).
Equivalent notation:
e 1, e 2, e 3

e2
e1

i, j, k
a 1, a 2, a 3

e3

e1 e1 = e1 e1

0
cos e 1, e 1 = cos0 = 1 ,

e2 e2 = 1 ,
e3 e3 = 1 ,
1

90

e 1 e 2 = e 1 e 2 cos e 1, e 2 = cos90 = 0 ,
e1 e3 = 0 ,
e2 e1 = 0 ,
e 2 e 3 = 0 , etc.

The position vector x of a fluid element can be decomposed into


the e 1, e 2, e 3 directions as,

x = x1 e1 + x2 e2 + x3 e3 = xk ek
k=1

(k not just vertical!)

Note that x e 1 = x 1 e 1 e 1 + x 2 e 2 e 1 + x 3 e 3 e 1 = x 1
1

So

x1 = x e1

Similarly,

x2 = x e2

x3 = x e3

In view of the above, we can rewrite x as:


x = (x e 1) e 1 + (x e 2) e 2 + (x e 3) e 3
3

or: x = (x e k) e k
k=1

or: x = (x e i) e i , etc
i=1

In general, for any vector F (velocity, vorticity, acceleration,


temperature gradient, etc):
F = (F e 1) e 1 + (F e 2) e 2 + (F e 3) e 3
3

or:

F = (F e k) e k

or:

F = (F e i) e i , etc.

k=1

i=1

Can write x as column vector:

x =

x1
x2
x3

Transpose of x is row vector: x T = (x 1, x 2, x 3)


Now introduce a new Cartesian coord system with the same
origin as original, obtained from original by a rotation of axes.
Rotated not rotating. (rotate coord system then leave it alone).
Unit vectors in the new (rotated) system are: e 1, e 2, e 3
Same posn vector x can be rewritten in new coord system as,
3

x = x 1 e 1 + x 2 e 2 + x 3 e 3 = x k e k
k=1

x itself doesn't care about coord system but its components do


care. x 1 x 1 , x 2 x 2 , etc. To see this, consider:

e2
x2

e 2
x

x1

e2

e 2
e 1

e1

e1

x 2

same vector
x
e 1
x 1

Graphically, we see above that x 1 > x 1 while x 2 < x 2


How are components of x in new system related to components
of x in the old system? Look at x 2 component:

x 2 = x e 2 = x k e k e 2
k=1

x k e k e 2 cos e k, e 2

k=1

= x k cos(e k, e 2)
k=1

Define C k2 cos(e k, e 2)

1st index of C -- old system


2nd index of C -- new system

So x 2 = C k2 x k
k=1

Get similar result for x 1 and x 3 . In general,


x j =

C kj x k ,

k=1

where C kj cos(e k, e j )

Equivalently, define C kj e k e j . C is direction-cosine matrix.


1st index of C goes with old system, 2nd index goes with new.

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