This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in mechanics, including:
- Engineering mechanics applies mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering elements.
- Statics analyzes loads on physical systems in static equilibrium. Dynamics studies forces and torques and their effects on motion.
- A force system consists of forces acting at specified locations. The most general coplanar system has non-concurrent and non-parallel forces lying in one plane.
- Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between forces and motion. The first law concerns inertia. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in mechanics, including:
- Engineering mechanics applies mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering elements.
- Statics analyzes loads on physical systems in static equilibrium. Dynamics studies forces and torques and their effects on motion.
- A force system consists of forces acting at specified locations. The most general coplanar system has non-concurrent and non-parallel forces lying in one plane.
- Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between forces and motion. The first law concerns inertia. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Original Description:
Definitions of some terms in Statics of Rigid Bodies
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in mechanics, including:
- Engineering mechanics applies mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering elements.
- Statics analyzes loads on physical systems in static equilibrium. Dynamics studies forces and torques and their effects on motion.
- A force system consists of forces acting at specified locations. The most general coplanar system has non-concurrent and non-parallel forces lying in one plane.
- Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between forces and motion. The first law concerns inertia. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in mechanics, including:
- Engineering mechanics applies mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering elements.
- Statics analyzes loads on physical systems in static equilibrium. Dynamics studies forces and torques and their effects on motion.
- A force system consists of forces acting at specified locations. The most general coplanar system has non-concurrent and non-parallel forces lying in one plane.
- Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between forces and motion. The first law concerns inertia. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
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Engineering mechanics is the application of mechanics to solve problems
involving common engineering elements.
Mechanics of materials, also called strength of materials, is a subject which deals with the behavior of solid objects subject to stresses and strains. Physics is the natural science that involves the study of matter[4] and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. Statics is the branch of mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of loads (force and torque, or "moment") on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity. Dynamics is a branch of physics (specifically classical mechanics) concerned with the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion, as opposed to kinematics, which studies the motion of objects without reference to its causes. Isaac Newton defined the fundamental physical laws which govern dynamics in physics, especially his second law of motion. Rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces. In physics, a rigid body is an idealization of a solid body in which deformation is neglected. In other words, the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces exerted on it. In physics, a force is any external effort that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction. In other words, a force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate, or a flexible object to deform, or both. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. A force system is a collection of forces acting at specified locations (may also include couples).
The most general coplanar force system consists of forces the lines of action of which lie in one plane, not all of them are concurrent, and not all of them are parallel.
The most general non-coplanar force system consists of forces the lines of action of which does not lie in one plane.
In a concurrent force system, all forces pass through a common point.
A parallel coplanar force system consists of two or more forces whose lines of action are ALL parallel. Non-concurrent and non-parallel force system consists of a number of vectors that do not meet at a single point and none of them are parallel.
Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone.
Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude and a direction. First law: When viewed in an inertial reference frame, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Second law: F = ma. The vector sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration vector a of the object.
Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on
the first body.
Transmissibility of forces: "The state of rest or motion of a rigid body is unaltered if a force acting on a body is replaced by another force of same magnitude and direction, but acting anywhere on the body along the line of action of replaced force". Varignons Theorem: (Parallelogram) The midpoints of the sides of an arbitrary quadrangle form a parallelogram. If the quadrangle is convex or reentrant, i.e. not a crossing quadrangle, then the area of the parallelogram is half as big as the area of the quadrangle. (Mechanics) The theorem states that the moment of a resultant of two concurrent force about any point is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments of its components about the same point. Sine rule is an equation relating the lengths of the sides of any shaped triangle to the sines of its angles. SinA = sinB = sinC A B C Cosine rule relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the cosine of one of its angles. c=a+b-2ab cos Pythagorean theoremor Pythagoras's theoremis a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of aright triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Quadratic formula is the solution of the quadratic equation. When solving physics problems, it is often helpful to replace one force by a combination of two forces with given directions. Of course, these two forces must be equivalent to the given one. This means that their vector sum must agree with the given force. If this condition is fulfilled, we say that the force has been resolved into components.
