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Arduino Cheat Sheet

The document provides a summary of key concepts in Arduino programming including data types, variables, arrays, libraries, I/O functions, operators, and control structures. It lists common bitwise operators, time functions, variable qualifiers, and ways to access pins, analog/digital signals, and serial communication. Mathematical functions, random numbers, and programming flow are also covered at a high level.

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Farah Yin
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
618 views

Arduino Cheat Sheet

The document provides a summary of key concepts in Arduino programming including data types, variables, arrays, libraries, I/O functions, operators, and control structures. It lists common bitwise operators, time functions, variable qualifiers, and ways to access pins, analog/digital signals, and serial communication. Mathematical functions, random numbers, and programming flow are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

Farah Yin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary source: Arduino Language Reference

http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/

Arduino Programming Cheat Sheet

Bitwise Operators
& (bitwise and)
^ (bitwise xor)
<< (shift left)

| (bitwise or)
~ (bitwise not)
>> (shift right)

Variables, Arrays, and Data

Bits and Bytes


lowByte(x)
highByte(x)
bitRead(x, bitn)
bitWrite(x, bitn, bit)
bitSet(x, bitn)
bitClear(x, bitn)
bit(bitn) // bitn: 0=LSB 7=MSB
Type Conversions
char()
byte()
int()
word()
long()
float()

Time
unsigned long millis()
// overflows at 50 days
unsigned long micros()
// overflows at 70 minutes
delay(msec)
delayMicroseconds(usec)

RESET

External Interrupts
attachInterrupt(interrupt, func,
[LOW, CHANGE, RISING, FALLING])
detachInterrupt(interrupt)
interrupts()
noInterrupts()

DIGITAL (PWM~)

L
TX
RX

ARDUINO UNO
ON
ICSP

Arrays
int myInts[6]; // array of 6 ints
int myPins[]={2, 4, 8, 3, 6};
int mySensVals[6]={2, 4, -8, 3, 2};
myInts[0]=42; // assigning first
// index of myInts
myInts[6]=12; // ERROR! Indexes
// are 0 though 5

Pointer Access
& (reference: get a pointer)
* (dereference: follow a pointer)

SoftwareSerial (serial comm. on any pins)


(#include <softwareSerial.h>)
SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin)
begin(long Speed) // up to 115200
listen()
// Only 1 can listen
isListening() // at a time.
read, peek, print, println, write
// all like in Serial library

Servo (#include <Servo.h>)


attach(pin, [min_uS, max_uS])
write(angle) // 0 to 180
writeMicroseconds(uS)
// 1000-2000; 1500 is midpoint
int read()
// 0 to 180
bool attached()
detach()
Wire (IC comm.) (#include <Wire.h>)
// join a master
begin()
begin(addr) // join a slave @ addr
requestFrom(address, count)
beginTransmission(addr) // Step 1
send(myByte)
// Step 2
send(char * mystring)
send(byte * data, size)
endTransmission()
// Step 3
int available() // #bytes available
byte receive() // get next byte
onReceive(handler)
onRequest(handler)

WWW.ARDUINO.CC - Made in Italy

Strings
char S1[8] =
{'A','r','d','u','i','n','o'};
// unterminated string; may crash
char S2[8] =
{'A','r','d','u','i','n','o','\0'};
// includes \0 null termination
char S3[]="Arduino";
char S4[8]="Arduino";

by Mark Liffiton

ATmega382:
16MHz, 32KB Flash (prog.),
2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM

DC in
sugg. 7-12V
limit 6-20V

POWER

ANALOG IN

SDA
SCL

(persists between calls)


(in RAM (nice for ISR))
(make read only)
(in flash)

Serial (communicate with PC or via RX/TX)


begin(long Speed) // up to 115200
end()
int available() // #bytes available
byte read() // -1 if none available
byte peek()
flush()
print(myData)
println(myData)
write(myBytes)
SerialEvent() // called if data rdy

EEPROM (#include <EEPROM.h>)


byte read(intAddr)
write(intAddr, myByte)

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5

Qualifiers
static
volatile
const
PROGMEM

(0, 1, true, false)


(e.g. 'a' -128 to 127)
(-32768 to 32767)
(-2147483648 to 2147483647)
char (0 to 255)
(0 to 255)
int
(0 to 65535)
(0 to 65535)
long (0 to 4294967295)
(-3.4028e+38 to 3.4028e+38)
(currently same as float)

Constants
HIGH | LOW
INPUT | OUTPUT
true | false
143
(Decimal)
0173
(Octal - base 8)
0b11011111 (Binary)
0x7B
(Hexadecimal - base 16)
7U
(force unsigned)
10L
(force long)
15UL
(force long unsigned)
10.0
(force floating point)
2.4e5
(2.4*10^5 = 240000)

Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freqhz)
tone(pin, freqhz, duration_ms)
noTone(pin)
shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin,
[MSBFIRST,LSBFIRST], value)
unsigned long pulseIn(pin,
[HIGH,LOW])

Random Numbers
randomSeed(seed) // long or int
long random(max)
long random(min, max)

IOREF
RESET
3.3V
5V
GND
GND
Vin

Data types
void
boolean
char
int
long
unsigned
byte
unsigned
word
unsigned
float
double

Digital I/O (pins: 0-13 A0-A5)


pinMode(pin,[INPUT, OUTPUT])
int digitalread(pin)
digitalWrite(pin, value)
// Write HIGH to an input to
// enable pull-up resistors
Analog In (pins: 0-5)
int analogRead(pin)
analogReference(
[DEFAULT, INTERNAL, EXTERNAL])
PWM Out (pins: 3 5 6 9 10 11)
analogWrite(pin, value)

Math
min(x, y)
max(x, y)
abs(x)
sin(rad)
cos(rad)
tan(rad)
sqrt(x)
pow(base, exponent)
constrain(x, minval, maxval)
map(val, fromL, fromH, toL, toH)

int1
int0

Compound Operators
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound substraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
&= (compound bitwise and)
|= (compound bitwise or)

Pin Input/Output

Libraries

7
~6
~5
4
~3
2
TX1
RX0

Control Structures
if (x < 5) { ... } else { ... }
while (x < 5) { ... }
do { ... } while ( x < 5);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ... }
break; // exit a loop immediately
continue; // go to next iteration
switch (myVar) {
case 1:
...
break;
case 2:
...
break;
default:
...
}
return x; // just return; for voids

General Operators
= (assignment operator)
+ (add)
- (subtract)
* (multiply)
/ (divide)
% (modulo)
== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than) > (greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)
&& (and)
|| (or)
! (not)

Built-in Functions

AREF
GND
13
12
~11
~10
~9
8

Basic Program Structure


void setup() {
// runs once when sketch starts
}
void loop() {
// runs repeatedly
}

Operators

SCL
SDA

Structure & Flow

Adapted from:
- Original by Gavin Smith
- SVG version by Frederic Dufourg
- Arduino board drawing
original by Fritzing.org

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