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M 470 HW

This document contains a homework assignment for a mechanical vibrations course at King Abdulaziz University's Engineering College. It includes 8 problems related to modeling and analyzing single-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems with damping. The problems involve deriving equations of motion, determining natural frequencies, damping ratios, logarithmic decrements, and critical damping coefficients for springs and masses with various damping configurations. Plots and simulations of damped vibrations are also included.

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Mohsen
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797 views11 pages

M 470 HW

This document contains a homework assignment for a mechanical vibrations course at King Abdulaziz University's Engineering College. It includes 8 problems related to modeling and analyzing single-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems with damping. The problems involve deriving equations of motion, determining natural frequencies, damping ratios, logarithmic decrements, and critical damping coefficients for springs and masses with various damping configurations. Plots and simulations of damped vibrations are also included.

Uploaded by

Mohsen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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King Abdulaziz University

Engineering College
Department of MENG
3rd Homework Assignment

1)

Mechanical Vibrations
MENG 470
Spring 1425 H
Due Wed.: 19/1/1425 H

Consider the ODE of motion of 1-DOF system under damped free vibration:

a. For w n = 2, z = 0.1
Plot the solution for 0 t 10
Label the coordinates
b. For w n = 2 plot the solution (0 t 10) for z = 0.1, 0.4, and 0.99 on the same
figure. Label coordinates and denote each curve by its value of z
c. Repeat (b) for z = 0.1, 0.4, 0.99, 2, and 5.

Sol. :
x0=1; xdot0=0; wn=2;
z=.1;
t=linspace(0,10,200);
wd=wn*sqrt(1-z.^2);
x=exp(-z*wn*t).*(((xdot0+z.*wn*x0)./wd).*sin(wd.*t) +
x0.*cos(wd.*t));
plot(t,x,'marker','square','markersize',4)
legend('z=.1')
grid on
text(3.5,.55,'X')

b)
x0=1; xdot0=0.; wn=2;
z=[.1 .4 .99];
t=linspace(0,10,200);
for n=1:3
wd=wn*sqrt(1-z(n).^2);
% x=x0.*exp(-2.*wn.*z(n).*t).*cos(wd.*t);
x=exp(-z(n).*wn.*t).*(((xdot0+z(n).*wn.*x0)./wd).*sin(wd.*t) +
x0.*cos(wd.*t));
if n==1
sym ='k-';
elseif n==2
sym = 'g--';

else
sym = 'b:';
end
plot(t,x,sym)
legend('z=.1','z=.4','z=.99')
grid on
hold on
end

c)
x0=1; wn=2;
z=[.1 .4 .99 2 5];
t=linspace(0,10,200);
sym = ['k' 'g' 'b' 'r' 'm'];
for n=1:5
if z(n)<1
wd=wn*sqrt(1-z(n).^2);
x=exp(-z(n).*wn.*t).*(((xdot0+z(n).*wn.*x0)./wd).*sin(wd.*t) +
x0.*cos(wd.*t));
plot(t,x,sym(n))
grid on
hold on
else
r1=-wn*z(n) + wn*sqrt(z(n)^2 - 1);
r2=-wn*z(n) - wn*sqrt(z(n)^2 - 1);
a=r2/(r2-r1);
b=-r1/(r2-r1);
x=a*exp(r1*t) + b*exp(r2*t);
plot(t,x,sym(n))
legend ('z=.1','z=.4','z=.99','z=2','z=5')
grid on
hold on
end

end

2)

A vibrating system consisting of a mass of 2.267 kg and a spring of stiffness 17.5


N/cm is viscously damped such that the ratio of any two consecutive amplitudes
is 1.00 and 0.98. Determine:
a.
b.
c.
d.

The natural frequency of the damped system.


The logarithmic decrement.
The damping factor
The damping coefficient.

Sol.:
1750
k
=
= 27.78 rad/s
2.267
m
X
1
2
= ln 1 = ln
= 2.02 x10
0.98
X2

n =

2
4 +
2

= 3.215 x10 3

C = 2mn = 0.405 kg/s


3)
A vibrating system consists of a mass of 4.534 kg, a spring of stiffness 35.0
N/cm, and a dashpot with a damping coefficient of 0.1243 N/cm/s. Find:
a. The damping factor.
b. The logarithmic decrement.
c. The ratio of any two consecutive amplitudes.
Sol.:

a. n =
=
b. =
c.

k
3500
=
= 27.78
m
4.534
c
= 4.934 x102
2mn
2
= 0.3104
1 2

x1
= e = 1.364
x2

rad/s

4)
A vibrating system has the following constants: m = 17.5 kg, k = 70.0 N/cm, and
c = 0.70 N/cm/s. Determine:
a. The damping ratio.
b. The natural frequency of damped oscillation.
c. The logarithmic decrement.
d. The ratio of any two consecutive amplitudes.
Sol.:

a. =

C
= 0.1
2 km

b. d =
c. =
d.

k
1 2 = 19.9
m

1 2

rad/s

= 0.6315

x1
= e = 1.88
x2

5)
Set up the differential equation of motion for the system shown in Figure 1.
Determine the expression for:
a. The critical damping coefficient
b. The natural frequency of damped oscillation.

Figure 1

Sol.:

= I o
ka Ca = ml 2

 +

c a  k a
+ =0
m l
m l

n =

k a

ml

c a
2n =
m l

c a
c a


c a
m l
m l
=
= =

2n
k a 2 km l
2

m l

d = n

a k ca
1 =

l m 2l km
2

6)
Write the differential equation of motion for the system shown in Figure 2 and
determine the natural frequency of damped oscillation and the critical damping
coefficient.

Figure 2
Sol.:

= I o
kb 2 ca 2 = ma 2
o

c  k b2
+
=0
m
m a2
b k
n =
a m

 +

kb 2 c

ma 2 2m
2b
ccr =
km
a

d =

E.O.M

7)
A spring-mass system with viscous damping is displaced from the equilibrium
position and released. If the amplitude diminished by 5% each cycle, what fraction of
the critical damping does the system have?
Sol.:

=
=

X
ln 1
X2

1
2
= ln
= 5.129 x10
0.95

2
4 +
2

= 8.163x10 3

8) A rigid Uniform bar of mass m and length l is pinned at O and supported by a


spring and viscous damper, as sown in Figure 3. Measuring from the static
equilibrium position, Determine:
a. The equation for small (the moment of inertia of the bar about O is ml 2 / 3 ).
b. The equation for the undamped natural frequency.
c. The expression for critical damping. Use Virtual Work and DAlemberts
Principles.

Figure 3

Sol.:

a. Using Newtons 2nd law, and considering linear vibrations, (i.e. is


very small, so sin = , and cos =1), the equation of mation is:

= I o

Io = ml 2
2

3c
3ka
 +  + 2 = 0
m
ml

In case of using the principle of Virtual Work,


ml 2 
cl ka a = 0
3
2
Hence,  + 3c  + 3ka2 = 0
m
ml

W =

b.
3c
m
3ka 2
n2 = 2
ml
a 3k
n =
l m
3a
ccr =
3km
2l
3c
=
2mn
2n =

c.
d = n

2
a 3k
3 cl
1 =
1

l m 4km a
2

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