ChE Enhancement Program 2

Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer (Part 1)

Flow in Pipes and Channels
1. Calculate the hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between a 40 mm and a
50 mm tube.
A. 5 mm
B. 10 mm
C. 15 mm
D. 20 mm
2. 0.015 m3/s of acetic acid is pumped through a 75 mm diameter horizontal pipe 70 m
long. What is the pressure drop in the pipe? Viscosity of acid = 2.5 mNs/m 2, density of
acid = 1060 kg/m3, and roughness of pipe surface = 6x10-5 m.
A. 100.5 kN/m2
B. 114.4 kN/m2
C. 158.7 kN/m2
D. 267.6kN/m2
3. Given strength of pipe is 10000 psi and working pressure of 400 psi, find the
schedule number.
A. Schedule 40
B. Schedule 80
C. Schedule 10
D. Schedule 5
Situation 1: Sulphuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60 m length of smooth 25 mm
pipe. Density of acid is 1840 kg/m3 and viscosity of acid is 25mN s/m2.
4. Calculate the drop in pressure.
A. 756 kN/m2
B. 641 kN/m2
C. 840kN/m2
D. 943 kN/m2
5. If the pressure drop falls by one half, what will be the new flowrate?
A. 0.98 kg/s
B. 1.86 kg/s
C. 3.57 kg/s
D. 0.89 kg/s
6. Water (density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1mNs/m2) is pumped through a 50 mm diameter
pipeline at 4 kg/s and the pressure drop is 1 MN/m 2. What will be the pressure drop
for a solution of glycerol in water (density 1050 kg/m 3, viscosity 10mNs/m2) when
pumped at the same rate? Assume the pipe to be smooth.
A. 0.99E6 N/m2
B. 1.77E6 N/m2
C. 2.77E7 N/m2
D. 3.51E7 N/m2
Situation 2: Crude oil having a specific gravity of 0.93 and a viscosity of 4 cP is draining by
gravity from the bottom of a tank. The depth of liquid above the drawoff connection in the
tank is 6 m. The line from the drawoff is 3-in. Schedule 40 pipe. Its length is 45 m, and it
contains one ell and two gate valves. The oil discharges into the atmosphere 9 m below the
drawoff connection of the tank.
7. What is the outside diameter of the pipe?
A. 2.875 in
B. 3.500 in
C. 3.068 in.
D. 1.185 in
8. Estimate the velocity that can be expected through the line.
A. 3.50 m/s
B. 1.28 m/s
C. 4.37 m/s
D. 2.01 m/s
9. What flow rate, in cubic meters per hour, can be expected through the line?
A. 75.0 m3/h
B. 100.0 m3/h
C. 175.0 m3/h
D. 200 m3/h
Flow of Compressible Fluids
Situation 3: Hydrogen is pumped from a reservoir 2MN/m 2 pressure through a clean
horizontal mild steel pipe 50 mm diameter and 500m long. The downstream pressure is also
2 MN/m2 and the pressure of this gas is raised to 2.6 MN/m2 by a pump at the upstream end
of the pipe. The conditions of flow are isothermal and the temperature of the gas is 293 K.
Viscosity of hydrogen = 0.009 mN s/m2 at 293 K.

10. What is the specific volume at the upstream end of the pipe?
A. 0.468 m3/kg
B. 0.254 m3/kg
C. 0.162 m3/kg
11. What is the flowrate of the pump?
A. 0.213 kg/s
B. 0.151 kg/s
C. 0.652 kg/s
12. What is the effective rate of working of the pump?
A. 113kW
B. 223kW
C. 333kW

D. 0.741 m3/kg
D. 0.001 kg/s
D. 433kW

Flow and Pressure Measurement

Situation 4: Sulphuric acid of density 1300 kg/m 3 is flowing through a pipe of 50 mm
internal diameter. A thin-lipped orifice, 10 mm diameter, is fitted in the pipe and the
differential pressure shown by a mercury manometer is 10 cm. Assume that the leads of the
manometer are filled with the acid. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice may be taken
as 0.61, the density of mercury as 13,550 kg/m3, and the density of water as 1000 kg/m3.
13. What is the area of the orifice?
A. 5.87x10-5 m2
B. 7.85x10-5 m2
C. 8.57x10-5 m2
D. 1.76x10-5 m2
14. Calculate the mass of acid flowing per second.
A. 0.267 kg/s
B. 0.762 kg/s
C. 0.672 kg/s
D. 0.127 kg/s
15. Calculate the approximate loss of pressure caused by the orifice.
A. 15 kN/m2
B. 12 kN/m2
C. 18 kN/m2
D. 25 kN/m2
Flow of Solids in Fluids (Free Settling)
16. Calculate the terminal velocity of a steel ball, 2mm diameter and a density 7870
kg/m3 in an oil of density 900kg/m3 and viscosity 50mNs/m2?
A. 0.891 m/s
B. 0.189 m/s
C. 0.981 m/s
D. 0.111 m/s
17. What is the terminal velocity of a spherical particle, 0.40mm in diameter, settling in
an oil of density 820 kg/m3 and viscosity of 10mNs/m2? The density of steel is 7870
kg/m3.
A. 15 mm/s
B. 51 mm/s
C. 93 mm/s
D. 88mm/s
18. What is the mass of a sphere of material of density 7500 kg/m 3 whose terminal
velocity in a large deep tank of water is 0.6 m/s?
A. 0.029 g
B. 0.092 g
C. 0.129 g
D. 0.219 g
19. What will be the terminal falling velocity of a glass sphere 1 mm in diameter in water
if the density of the glass is 2500 kg/m3?
A. 0.541 m/s
B. 0.145 m/s
C. 0.451 m/s
D. 0.781 m/s
20. What is the mass of a sphere of density 7500 kg/m 3 which has a terminal falling
velocity of 0.7 m/s in a large tank of water?
A. 0.011 g
B. 0.044 g
C. 0.066 g
D. 0.077 g
Flow of Solids in Fluids (Hindered Settling)
21. Solid spherical particles having a diameter of 0.09 mm and a density of 2,002 kg/m 3
are settling in a solution of water at 26.7C. The volume fraction of the solids in the
water is 0.45. The settling velocity is
A. 3.3x10-5 m/s
B. 3.269x10-3 m/s
C. 2.369x10-4 m/s
D. 3x10-2 m/s
Elements in Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer Part 1
22. The person responsible for coining the term unit operation is
A. Warren McCabe
B. Arthur Little*
C. Allan Foust
D. George Davis
23. The resistance of fluid to flow over the next layer is measured by
A. Viscosity*
B. Friction factor
C. Surface tension
D. Drag coefficient

24. For Newtonian fluids, the shear stress is

A. Constant
B. Inversely proportional to rate of deformation
C. Equal to shear rate of deformation
D. A linear function of the shear rate of deformation*
25. A hypothetical gas or liquid which offers no resistance to shear and therefore has
zero viscosity
A. Perfect fluid*
B. Nonnewtonian fluid
C. Newtonian fluid
D. Thixotropic fluid
26. It is the ratio of flow to the velocity of sound
A. Reynolds number
B. Mach number*
C. Stanton number
D. Peclet number
27. A pipe has a 2-inch inlet and has a 4-inch outlet, the mass flow ratio of the inlet is
_________ to that of the outlet.
A. Less than
B. Greater than
C. Equal*
D. Not equal
28. A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a
A. Nozzle*
B. Vent
C. Orifice
D. venturi
29. Which of the following is a unit of kinematic viscosity?
A. Centipoises
B. Pascal-second
C. Centistokes*
D. Lb/ft.s
30. For supersonic flow, the pressure of fluid must decrease as the fluid flow area of the
duct
A. Increases*
B. Decreases
C. Remain the same
D. None of these
31. Liquids and gases take the following characteristic(s) of their contents.
A. Volume
B. Shape*
C. Shape and volume
D. Neither shape nor volume
32. Alcohol finds use in manometers as:
A. It provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube
B. Its density being less can provide longer length for a pressure difference, thus more
accuracy can be obtained
C. A and B are correct*
D. Cheap and easily available
33. Which of the following statements about a Newtonian fluid is most accurate?
A. Shear stress is proportional to strain
B. Viscosity is zero
C. Shear stress is multi-valued
D. Shear stress is proportional to strain*
34. The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in fluid
A. Independent of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
B. When there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer*
C. Only if the fluid is frictionless
D. Only if the fluid is frictionless and incompressible
35. All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable to fluid flow problems
except the ______.
A. Reynolds number
B. Froude number
C. Mach number
D. Biot number*
36. The speed of sound in all fluid is most closely related to all of the following properties
except ________.

A. Compressibility
B. Density
C. Bulk modulus
D. Thermal conductivity*
37. Friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows can be found plotted in a
A. Steam table
B. Psychrometric chart
C. Moody diagram*
D. Mollier diagram
38. The hydraulic grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following?
A. Total energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy*
39. The energy grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following
A. Total energy*
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
40. Hydrometer is used to find out
A. Specific gravity of liquids*
B. Specific gravity of solids
C. Specific gravity of gases
D. Relative humidity
41. Orifice refers to an opening
A. With closed perimeter and or regular form through which water flows
B. With prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
C. With partially full flow
D. In hydraulic structure with regulation provision*
42. The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to coefficient of velocity is found
to be ____________.
A. More
B. Less
C. Same*
D. More/less depends on flow
43. Weir refers to an opening
A. Having closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows
B. Having prolonged sides with length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
C. Having partially full flow*
D. In hydraulic structure with regulation provision
44. The flow on two sides of a normal shock wave is called _______________________.
A. Sonic
B. Subsonic
C. Supersonic
D. Supersonic on one side and subsonic on the other side*
45. Which of the following is the basis of Bernoullis law for fluid flow?
A. Continuity equation
B. Principle of conservation of energy*
C. Fouriers law
D. Principle of conservation of mass
46. The ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter is known as ___________________.
A. Flow factor
B. Hydraulic radius*
C. Kutters C
D. Equivalent diameter
47. What is the coefficient of contraction?
A. The ratio of the area of the vena contracta to the area of the orifice*
B. The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
C. The ratio of the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity
D. The ratio of the effective head to the actual head
48. Where is the vena contracta most likely located?
A. At the orifice
B. At a distance approximately the diameter of the orifice*

C. At a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the orifice

D. At a distance approximately twice the diameter of the orifice
49. A substance that is able to flow and yields to any force tending to change its shape
without changing its volume such as water and air.
A. Fluid*
B. Flux
C. Gas oil
D. Water gas
50. The velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe section is _______________.
A. Maximum*
B. Minimum
C. Average
D. Logarithmic average
51. SI unit of viscosity is
A. 10 times poise*
B. 9.81 times poise
C. 1/9.81 times poise
D. 1/10 times poise
52. For computation convenience, fluids are usually classed as
A. Rotational or irrotational
B. Real or ideal*
C. Laminar or turbulent
D. Newtonian or non-newtonian
53. Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter?
A. Kinetic viscosity*
B. Weber number
C. Fanning friction factor
D. Froude number
54. Which of the following statements about gauge pressure is most correct? Gauge
pressure are measured relative to ______________________.
A. Atmospheric pressure*
B. A vacuum
C. Each other
D. The surface
55. The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is
called_____________________.
A. Volumetric strain
B. Volumetric index
C. Compressibility
D. Adhesion*
56. What is measured by a pitot tube?
A. Volumetric discharge
B. Mass flow
C. Pressure
D. Velocity*
57. What is the difference between the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line?
A. Potential energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Kinetic energy*
D. Friction losses
58. The energy of a fluid flowing at any section in a pipeline is a function of:
A. Velocity of flow only
B. Pressure only
C. Height above a chosen datum, density, internal energy, pressure and velocity of flow*
D. Pressure, height above a chosen datum, velocity of flow, density of fluid
59. If the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles
do not cross, the fluid is said to be:
A. Turbulent
B. Critical
C. Dynamic
D. Laminar*
60. The flow of the convergent section of a nozzle is always subsonic. If the flow is
subsonic hen the mach number is:
A. Greater than unity
B. Less than unity*
C. Near unity
D. unity