Business Intelligence Concepts: Rajashmita Kar

Business Intelligence
Concepts
RAJASHMITA KAR
[email protected]
AGENDA
What is BI??
BI Lifecycle
Chalenges of Building BI
Data Warehouse Concepts
Key Performance Indicator
Normalization and its type
Data Cleansing
Slowly Changing Dimension
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
What is BI??
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
The term Business Intelligence (BI) represents the tools and systems
that play a key role in the strategic planning process of the corporation.
These systems allow a company to gather, store, access and analyze

corporate data to aid in decision-making.
It is an environment in which business users receive information that is

reliable, secure, consistent, understandable, easily manipulated and
timely...facilitating more informed decision making.
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
BI LIFECYCLE
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
Data Sources
ETL Software
S
T
A
G
I
N
G
Tr ansac tion D ata

Prod
IBM
Mkt
IMS
HR
Fi n
VSAM
Ascential
Oracle
Ext ract
Acctg
Sybase
Othe r In ter nal D ata

ERP
SAP
Informix
SAS
HarteHanks
Users
A NA L YS TS
Cognos
Teradata
IBM
Load
Informatica
D
A
T
A
Exte rnal Data

Demographic
A
R
E
A
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
A
L
Data Analysis
Tools and
Applications
SQL
Sagent
W e b D ata
Clickstream
Data Stores
S
T
O
R
E
Cl ean/Scrub
Trans form
Fi rst logic
Dat a
W arehouse
Dat a Mart s
SAS
M AN A GER S
Fi nance
Essbase
Marketing
Queri es,Reporting,
DSS/EIS,
Data M ining
EX EC U TIV ES
Micro Strat egy
Meta
Dat a
Sales
Microsoft
Si ebel
Busi ness
Objects
OP ER A TIO NA L
PER SO NN EL
W eb
Browser
C US TOM ER S/
October30,2012
April 13, 2011 SU PP LIE RS
Challenges of Building BI
Solution
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
Data exists in multiple places
Data is not formatted to support complex analysis
Different kinds of workers have different data needs
What data should be examined and in what detail
How will users interact with that data
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
Data WareHouse
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
Components of Data Warehouse
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
Cubes
Measures
Key Performance Indicator
Dimensions
---Attributes
---Hierarchy
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
DATA MODELLING
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
DATA MODELING
process that produces abstract data models for one or more
database components of the data warehouse
Types of Data Modeling
Conceptual Data Model
Logical Data Model
Physical Data Model
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
DIMENSIONAL MODELLING
Fact Table
Dimension Table
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
STAR SCHEMA AND SNOW FLAKES

SCHEMA
STAR SCHEMA
SNOW FLAKES SCHEMA
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (KPI)
A set of quantifiable measures that a company or industry

uses to gauge or compare performance in terms of
meeting their strategic and operational goals.
KPIs vary between companies and industries, depending
on their priorities or performance criteria
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
NORMALIZATION
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
NORMALIZATION
Database normalization is the process of removing
redundant data from your tables in to improve storage
efficiency, data integrity, and scalability.
Normalization Forms:
First Normal Form(1NF)

Second Normal Form(2NF)
Third Normal Form(3NF)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF)
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
3NF
Third normal form (3NF) requires that there are no

functional dependencies of non-key attributes on something
other than a candidate key.
A table is in 3NF if all of the non-primary key attributes are
mutually independent
There should not be transitive dependencies
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
If I know # of Pages, can I find out Author's Name? No. Can I find out
Author's pseudonym? No.
If I know Author's Name, can I find out # of Pages? No. Can I find
out Author's pseudonym YES.
Therefore, Author's pseudonym is functionally dependent upon
Author's Name, not the PK for its existence. It has to go.
Dec16,2013
BCNF
Client Interview
-FD1 clientNo, interviewDate
interviewTime, staffNo, roomNo (Primary Key)
-FD2 staffNo, interviewDate, interviewTime
clientNo
(Candidate key)
-FD3 roomNo, interviewDate, interviewTime
clientNo, staffNo (Candidate key)
-FD4 staffNo, interviewDate
(not a candidate key)
roomNo
-As a consequece the ClientInterview relation may suffer from update anomalies.
-For example, two tuples have to be updated if the roomNo need be changed for staffNo
SG5 on the 13-May-02.
Dec16,2013
To transform the ClientInterview relation to BCNF, we must remove the violating

functional dependency by creating two new relations called
Interview and StaffRoom as shown below,
Interview (clientNo, interviewDate, interviewTime, staffNo),
StaffRoom(staffNo, interviewDate, roomNo)
Dec16,2013
DATA CLEANSING
WHEN
WHY
WHAT
HOW
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
SLOWLY CHANGING DIMENSION(SCD)

Dimensions that change over time are called SCD
Example: Product Price, Customer Address etc
SCD Types:
Type I SCD
Type II SCD
Type III SCD
Type 4 SCD
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
SCD (IMPLEMENTATION)
DIMENSIONS
CATEGORY
BRAND
MODEL
SCDIMPLEMENTEDONDIMENSIONTABLES
ONLYANDNOTONFACTTABLES
STORE
VENDOR
FACTS
INVENTORY_
CATEGORY(SCDI)
BRAND(SCDI)
MODEL(SCDIIbyDATE)
TRANSACTION_FILE
STORE(SCDIIbyFLAG)
GOODS_
RECEIVING
VENDOR(SCDI)
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011
THANK YOU
Dec16,2013
April 13, 2011

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Business Intelligence

These systems allow a company to gather, store, access and analyze

It is an environment in which business users receive information that is

Tr ansac tion D ata

Othe r In ter nal D ata

Exte rnal Data

Data exists in multiple places

Data is not formatted to support complex analysis

Different kinds of workers have different data needs

What data should be examined and in what detail

How will users interact with that data

Components of Data Warehouse

STAR SCHEMA AND SNOW FLAKES

SNOW FLAKES SCHEMA

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (KPI)

A set of quantifiable measures that a company or industry

First Normal Form(1NF)

Third normal form (3NF) requires that there are no

-FD1 clientNo, interviewDate

interviewTime, staffNo, roomNo (Primary Key)

-FD2 staffNo, interviewDate, interviewTime

-FD3 roomNo, interviewDate, interviewTime

clientNo, staffNo (Candidate key)

-FD4 staffNo, interviewDate

(not a candidate key)

To transform the ClientInterview relation to BCNF, we must remove the violating

SLOWLY CHANGING DIMENSION(SCD)

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