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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

5090/01

BIOLOGY
Paper 1 Multiple Choice

May/June 2008
1 hour

Additional Materials:

*8884658048*

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

IB08 06_5090_01/3RP
UCLES 2008

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1

The diagram shows a typical plant cell after being placed in a concentrated salt solution for ten
minutes.
1

Which numbered structures are partially permeable?

A
2

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

1 only

2 only

The small intestine of a person contains a low concentration of glucose produced from the
digestion of starch.
Glucose is taken up by the cells of the villi.
How does the glucose move?
A

by active transport against the concentration gradient

by active transport with the concentration gradient

by diffusion against the concentration gradient

by diffusion with the concentration gradient

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3

In an experiment to investigate the effects of heat on germinating barley grains, three petri
dishes were set up as shown in diagram 1 and left for 3 days. A solution of iodine in potassium
iodide was then added to the starch-agar substrate. The results are shown in diagram 2, in which
the shaded areas went blue / black, indicating the presence of starch.

germinating
barley grains

amylase solution
diagram 1
petri dishes
viewed from
the side

germinating barley grains

which have been boiled

starch-agar substrate

amylase
solution

barley
grains

diagram 2
after 3 days, the
same petri dishes
viewed from above
P

Which is the best explanation of the results?

Amylase is produced by barley grains that have been boiled.

Amylase from barley grains is denatured when they are boiled.

Germinating grains prevent iodine from staining starch blue / black.

Starch from the substrate is used by the grains as an energy source.

Enzyme action can be explained by the lock and key hypothesis.

Where is the active site and which acts as the lock or key?
active site

lock / key

on the enzyme

substrate acts as a key

on the enzyme

substrate acts as a lock

on the substrate

enzyme acts as a key

on the substrate

enzyme acts as a lock

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5

Where and how does carbon dioxide enter a plant?

where

how

root hair cells

active uptake

root hair cells

diffusion

stomata

active uptake

stomata

diffusion

Four tubes, A, B, C and D are left in sunlight for one hour. The bicarbonate indicator solution in
each tube is red at the start of the experiment.
Bicarbonate indicator solution stays red if there is no change in carbon dioxide concentration. The
indicator goes yellow if carbon dioxide concentration increases and purple if the carbon dioxide
concentration decreases.
In which tube does the colour change to purple?
A

pond weed

pond weed

snails

pond weed
and snails

bung
aluminium
foil cover
boiling
tube
bicarbonate indicator
solution

The graph shows the amount of oxygen produced by a green plant during a 24-hour period.
Which letter represents midnight?
24-hour period

amount of
oxygen
produced
per hour

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8

What is produced as a result of digestion by a protease?

A

amino acids

fatty acids

glucose

glycerol

For which food test must the sample be dissolved in ethanol?

A

fat

protein

reducing sugar

starch

10 An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of an enzyme on coagulated egg albumen.
The results, after three hours, are shown in the diagram.

water bath

glass tube
coagulated egg
albumen

enzyme and
dilute acid

enzyme and
dilute alkali

enzyme and
water

dilute acid

dilute alkali

Where in the digestive system is the enzyme produced?

A

liver

pancreas

salivary glands

stomach wall

11 When a complete ring of bark is removed from the trunk of a tree, it will eventually die because
this action cuts off the supply of
A

mineral salts to the leaves.

nutrients to the roots.

oxygen to the roots.

water to the leaves.

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12 The diagram shows a transverse section from the middle of a root of a dicotyledonous plant.
In which tissue are sugars and amino acids transported?

A
B
C
D

13 The diagram represents part of the human circulatory system.

Where is the blood pressure highest?

right side
of heart

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left side
of heart

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14 The graph shows pressure changes in the left ventricle and the left atrium (auricle) in one cycle of
contraction of the heart.
During which period of time is the ventricle contracting?
20

key
ventricle
atrium

pressure
10
/ kPa

0
0

1.0

time / s

15 In the human body, blood circulating from the gut to the heart passes through the
A

aorta.

kidneys.

liver.

lungs.

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16 An experiment is set up as shown.
Flasks 1 and 2 contain lime water. Air is pumped through the flasks.
air flow

air flow

potassium hydroxide
solution (absorbs
carbon dioxide)

flask 1

flask 2
living
animals

What is the appearance of limewater in flasks 1 and 2 after a period of ten minutes?
flask 1

flask 2

clear

clear

clear

white / cloudy

white / cloudy

clear

white / cloudy

white / cloudy

17 The composition of inhaled air and exhaled air is different.

Which analysis is correct?
inhaled air

exhaled air

more carbon dioxide

less oxygen

less oxygen

less carbon dioxide

more oxygen

more carbon dioxide

less carbon dioxide

more oxygen

18 Which does not produce carbon dioxide?

A

a muscle fibre

a sensory neuron

blood

saliva

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19 The diagram shows the main muscles and bones of the arm.

1
2
3
4

6
Which lines correctly identify the biceps muscle, the humerus and a hinge joint?
biceps

humerus

hinge joint

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20 The diagram represents a kidney dialysis machine.

fresh
dialysis fluid

blood
to patient

X
Y

used
dialysis fluid
blood
from patient

What are the parts labelled X, Y and Z?

bubble trap

roller pump

water bath for

temperature control

21 When a person is cold, nerve impulses from the hypothalamus cause the skin to reduce the rate
of heat loss.
What is the effect of these nerve impulses on the hair erector muscles and on the arterioles near
the skin surface?
hair erector muscles

arterioles near
skin surface

contract

contract

contract

relax

relax

contract

relax

relax

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22 Adrenaline is secreted quickly when a person is frightened.
How does this affect the heart beat and the liver?
heart beat

liver converts

decreases

glycogen to glucose

decreases

glucose to glycogen

increases

glycogen to glucose

increases

glucose to glycogen

23 Which part of the nervous system is the centre for processes such as thought, memory and
judgement?
A

cerebellum

cerebrum

medulla

spinal cord

24 The graph shows changes in a persons blood glucose concentration over four hours.
Y
X

blood
glucose

2
time / hours

What might cause the changes at X and Y?

X

decreased insulin

decreased adrenaline

decreased insulin

increased adrenaline

increased adrenaline

increased insulin

increased insulin

increased adrenaline

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25 The table shows the death rates from lung cancer amongst smokers and non-smokers.
average number of
cigarettes smoked per day

deaths from lung cancer

per year per 100 000
people

10

1-14

78

15-25

127

26 or more

251

What can be concluded from the data?

A

People who get lung cancer are likely to be smokers of 26 or more cigarettes per day.

People who do not smoke will not get lung cancer.

People who smoke have a higher chance of getting lung cancer.

Smoking causes lung cancer.

26 What is the role of the bacteria used in cheese and yoghurt production?
A

to coagulate casein to form curds

to convert lactose to lactic acid

to prevent the growth of pathogens

to produce enzymes

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27 The diagram shows a fermenter used for the production of antibiotics.

motor

water out
pH and
temperature
sensors
stirring
paddles

water in

What happens at W, X, Y and Z?

air in

antibiotic out

nutrients in

waste gases out

28 A decrease in the numbers of producers in a food chain will cause

A

the consumers to increase in numbers.

more animals to migrate into the area.

the total productivity to increase.

the total biomass to decrease.

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29 The diagram shows a food web from an ecosystem.

badgers

lizards

coyotes

squirrels

insects

pronghorn deer

sagebrush

prickly pear

If the population of insects decreases, which other population will decrease the most?
A

badgers

lizards

sagebrush

squirrels

30 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide
in atmosphere
1

4
2

carbon
compounds
in plants

carbon
compounds
in animals

carbon
compounds in
decomposers

Which numbered arrows represent respiration?

A

1 and 3

1 and 4

2 and 3

2 and 4

31 Which term describes the role of the mosquito in the transmission of malaria?
A

parasite

pathogen

pest

vector

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32 Cutting down large areas of tropical forest can lead to a reduction in rainfall.
What is the reason for the reduction in rainfall?
A

a reduction in photosynthesis

a reduction in transpiration

an increase in flooding

an increase in respiration

33 New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plants.
The diagram shows part of plant X.
From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to
plant X?

A
B

34 In plant reproduction, the following processes occur.

1

fertilisation

growth of a pollen tube

pollination

seed germination

In which order do these processes take place?

A

1423

2134

3214

4312

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35 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.

In which parts are the eggs and the zygote formed?

eggs

zygote

36 The diagram shows the male reproductive and urinary systems.

Which structure produces the fluid part of semen?
A

37 What causes sickle cell anaemia?

A

a change in the structure of a gene

an iron-deficient diet

infection following a bite from a mosquito

loss of blood following an accident

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38 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.
Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?

female

male

female

male

family Q
family P

family R

39 Two fruit flies with normal wings were mated with each other.
For every three offspring with normal wings, there is one with short wings.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
female

male

Nn

Nn

key

Nn

NN

N = allele for normal wings

NN

Nn

n = allele for short wings

Nn

nn

40 What is a result of natural selection?

A

cattle that produce large quantities of milk

crop plants that are resistant to disease

grapes that develop no seeds

mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticides

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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

5090/01/M/J/08