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    Heart Defect PDF

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    RosemaryCastro
    The document contains notes on various congenital heart defects for a pediatric cardiology test. It includes definitions, signs and symptoms, and treatment options for conditions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The notes emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment to improve outcomes for children with congenital heart disease.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Heart Defect PDF

    Uploaded by

    RosemaryCastro
    168 views6 pages
    The document contains notes on various congenital heart defects for a pediatric cardiology test. It includes definitions, signs and symptoms, and treatment options for conditions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The notes emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment to improve outcomes for children with congenital heart disease.

    Original Description:

    Heart Defect PDF (1)

    Original Title

    Heart Defect PDF (1)

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    The document contains notes on various congenital heart defects for a pediatric cardiology test. It includes definitions, signs and symptoms, and treatment options for conditions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The notes emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment to improve outcomes for children with congenital heart disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    168 views6 pages

    Heart Defect PDF

    Uploaded by

    RosemaryCastro
    The document contains notes on various congenital heart defects for a pediatric cardiology test. It includes definitions, signs and symptoms, and treatment options for conditions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The notes emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment to improve outcomes for children with congenital heart disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Nessa

    Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Name
    Picture
    Ventral Septal
    Defect
    (VSD)

    Atrial Septal
    Defect
    (ASD)

    Signs and Symptoms


    Most common! Abnormal
    connection between the R
    and L ventricles. Lowers
    Cardiac Output.
    Flow from L to R, pulmonary
    congestion.
    *Asymptomatic
    *CHF
    *Enlarged heart
    *Acyanotic

    Treatment
    -Surgical repair
    -May close by 2 yrs
    old.

    Flow from L to R, pulmonary


    congestion.

    *Asymptomatic
    *CHF
    *Acyanotic

    -Diuretics for CHF


    -Surgery

    Nursing Notes

    You can wait for


    surgery if
    asymptomatic bc
    it may resolve
    spontaneously.

    As the murmur
    gets louder, the
    hole is closing.

    Nessa Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Tricuspid
    Atresia

    Patient Ductus
    Arteriosus

    Absent tricuspid valve! The


    Foremen Ovale is used
    (remember the pressure
    causes this). HIGH right-
    sided pressure.
    Unoxygenated blood is
    shunted to L. atrium into the
    L. ventricle then to the body
    and lungs.

    Increase
    pulmonary blood
    flow by using the
    patent ductus
    arteriosus with
    Prostiglandin
    *Surgery
    -glenn procedure
    -atrial septostomy
    -shunting
    -fontan procedure

    There is currently
    NO way to
    replace an atrial
    valve

    Left to right shunting. Fibers


    dont respond to the increase
    in O2 after birth.
    *Continuous murmur below
    left clavicle
    *Asymptomatic or murmur
    *Bounding pulses
    *Widening pulse pressure of
    >20 (systolic-diastolic)

    Indomethacin:
    *preterm only!
    *NSAID
    *prostaglandin
    inhibitor
    *only if no other
    defects &
    asymptomatic

    other option:
    -surgery

    Dx: by echo or
    xray

    Nessa Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Atrio-
    ventricular
    Septal Defect

    Aortic
    Stenosis

    Coarctation of
    the Aorta

    Severe left to right shunt.


    LUNGS ARE MOST
    EFFECTED
    *severely impaired Cardiac
    Output

    See ASD & VSD

    See ASD & VSD

    Not always the valve. Could


    be general area.
    *Hypertrophy of L. Ventricle
    *Enlarged heart

    Meds can reduce


    symptoms (<BP)
    but cannot cure.

    Surgery: valve
    replacements and
    catheterizations

    This is found to
    be one of the
    reasons for kids
    falling dead
    during sports.

    Pinching/stricture of the
    aorta. High pressure behind
    and in front.
    *BP okay in hands/arms but
    low in lower limbs.
    *Bounding pulses in upper
    body but weak in lower.

    *Prostaglandin E1
    to open artery by
    relaxing the
    muscle.
    *Diuretics and
    inotropic drugs to
    treat s/s
    *Surgical Repair
    *Catheterization

    Always check
    pulses both sides
    and upper and
    lower
    extremities!

    Nessa Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Transposition
    of the Great
    Arteries

    Total
    Anomalous
    Pulmonary
    Connection

    Unoxygentated blood enters


    the R. atrium and R.
    Ventricle. Parallel circulation.
    *Initially appears normal
    *Cyanosis develops w/in a
    few hours of life

    Prostiglandin
    immediately to
    keep PDA open.

    Surgery

    This is NOT
    compatible with
    life. You WANT
    another defect to
    help.

    Can be detected
    by US if they
    receive prenatal
    care.

    *Cyanosis develops w/in a


    few hours to a few weeks of
    life depending on
    configuration
    *Tachypnea
    *Dyspnea
    *Snowman-figure 8
    appearance on chest xray
    *R. Ventricular hypertrophy
    *Enlarged heart
    *Murmurs

    Surgery to
    Sometimes can be
    reconnect the
    detected in utero
    pulmonary arteries via ultra sound.
    to the left atrium
    and to close the
    (ASD) atrial septal
    defects

    Nessa Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Truncus
    Arteriosus

    *Cyanosis develops w/in a


    week or two of life
    *CHF s/s
    *Hazy chest x-ray
    *Possible hepatomegaly
    *Poor feeding
    *Facial swelling or neck vein
    distention

    Hypoplastic
    Left Heart
    Syndrome

    Left ventricle is tiny and


    aortic stenosis is present.
    *O2 sats 70-80s
    *Cyanosis
    *Poor feeding
    *Tachypnea
    *Dyspnea
    *Weak/rapid pulses
    *Lethargy
    *Cool/clammy skin
    *Dilated pupils/lackluster
    stare

    Medicines such as
    diuretics and
    inotropic meds to
    manage
    signs/symptoms.

    Surgery: separating
    the pulmonary
    arteries from the
    truncus, closure of
    the septal defects,
    create connection
    from pulmonary
    arteries to the right
    ventricle.
    *Heart transplant
    *3 step surgical
    process (70-80%
    survive; live in the
    hospital)
    *Do nothing

    Possibly not on
    exam

    Not compatible
    with life

    Nessa Osuna Cardiac Notes for Pediatrics test #3


    Pulmonary
    Stenosis

    Tetralogy of
    Fallot

    *Central cyanosis
    *CHF s/s
    *Possible Right-sided
    hypertrophy
    *Back up pressure can open
    up Foreman Ovale

    Prostiglandin given
    to keep PDA open

    Surgery:
    Percutaneous
    balloon
    vulvuloplasty

    Combination of pulmonic
    stenosis, right ventricular
    hypertrophy, overriding
    aorta and VSD. Mixed blood
    is sent out to system.
    *Cyanosis
    *O2 sats 80-85s
    *Tachypnea
    *Irritability

    Treat symptoms:
    -Decrease venous
    return
    -Conservative O2
    -Comfort and stop
    crying to minimize
    O2 consumption

    Dont want to put


    a lot of oxygen on
    them.

    Squat knee to
    chest to get O2 by
    restricting
    venous return
    and getting O2 to
    main organs.

    May be
    associated with
    chromosomal
    abnormalities

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