Electrical Plan Review

Electrical Plan Review
Overcurrent Protection and Devices, Short-Circuit Calculations,

Component Protection, Selective Coordination, and Other Considerations
c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc. 2
Table of Contents
Part I: Overcurrent Protection and Devices PAGE
Objectives 3
Data Log In Letter 4
Important NECR Requirements 5
Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings:
Voltage and Ampere Ratings 6
Interrupting Rating NECR 110.9 7
Short-Circuit Currents and Interrupting Rating 8
Part II: Short-Circuit Calculation
Point-To-Point Method of Short-Circuit Calculation Formulas and Example 9

Short-Circuit Calculation Charts 10-11
Part III: Short-Circuit Calculation Problem and Worksheets

Problem Detail Drawing 12
Problem One-Line Diagram 13
Problem Worksheet 14-16
Part IV: Component Protection
NECR 110.10, Current Limitation, and Devices 17

Let-Through Charts 18-22
Conductor Protection 23
Bus and Busway Protection 24
Motor Circuit Protection 25
Series Ratings 26-27
Part V: Selective Coordination
Selective Coordination 28
Selective Coordination Circuit Breakers 29
Selective Coordination Fuses 30
Part VI: Miscellaneous
Maintenance and Testing Considerations 31

Grounding and Bonding of Service Equipment 32
Series Combination Rating Inspection Form 33
Data Log In Form 34-35
Objectives
By reviewing this brochure, the Electrical Inspector,
Electrical Contractor, Plan Examiner, Consulting
Engineer and others will be able to . . .
Understand and discuss the critical National Electrical
CodeR requirements regarding overcurrent protection.
Understand short-circuit currents and the importance
of overcurrent protection.
Understand the three ratings (voltage, ampere, and
interrupting) of overcurrent protective devices.
Understand that the major sources of short-circuit
currents are motors and generators.
Understand that transformers are NOT a source of
short-circuit current.
Calculate short-circuit currents using the simple
POINT-TO-POINT method and related charts.
Realize that whenever overcurrent protection is
discussed, the two most important issues are:
HOW MUCH CURRENT WILL FLOW?

HOW LONG WILL THE CURRENT FLOW?
Understand current-limitation and use of let-through
charts to determine the let-through current values
(peak & RMS) when current-limiting overcurrent
devices are used to protect electrical components.
Apply current-limiting devices to protect downstream
electrical components such as conductors, busway,
and motor starters.
Understand series rated combinations and proper
application of series rated combinations.
Understand selective coordination of overcurrent
protective devices.
Understand the meaning and importance of electrical
terms commonly used relating to overcurrent
protection.
Understand maintenance, testing, resetting, and
replacement requirements of overcurrent protective
devices.
Check electrical plans to determine conformance to
the National Electrical CodeR including short-circuit
currents, interrupting ratings, short-circuit current
(withstand) ratings, selective coordination, ground
faults, grounding electrode conductors, equipment
grounding conductors, etc.
Verify that circuit, feeder, service, grounding electrode
conductors, equipment grounding conductors, and
bonding conductors have adequate capacity to conduct
safely ANY fault current likely to be imposed on them.
Adopt a Form Letter and a Data Required Form that
can be used to log-in the necessary data relating to
available fault currents, interrupting ratings, series
combination ratings, selective coordination, shortcircuit
current (withstand ratings) and let-through
currents for protection of electrical components.
Know how to ask the right questions.
3 c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc.
Training / education presentations are available under Services/On-Line Training. A specific

topic may be
available on this site in one or two different formats. The contents and effects of the two
versions may differ due
to the different capabilities of the formats.
Free Training
at www.cooperbussmann.com
On-Line Training & Education

Data Log In Letter

CITY OF ANYWHERE, USA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL INSPECTION
DATE
TO: ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS, ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS.
RE: ELECTRIC SERVICE PERMIT APPLICATION.
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC):

Article 110, Article 210, Article 215, Article 230, Article 240,
Article 250, Article 310, Article 404, Article 408, Article 430,
Article 450, and Article 620.
The City of , Department of Electrical
Inspection is required to enforce the 2002 National Electrical Code .
To ensure compliance, attention will be given to the SHORT-CIRCUIT
RATINGS of the equipment and overcurrent devices to be installed.
To accomplish this with minimum effort and time, the attached
form(s) are required to be completed by the electrical contractor,
then submitted to the Electrical Inspection Department PRIOR to
actual installation. Include a one-line riser diagram showing conductor
sizes, conduit sizes, distances, and fault currents at all panels,
motor control centers, and main service equipment.
This data will be reviewed for compliance and conformance to the
above Code sections and will be kept on file for future reference.
Sincerely,
Chief Electrical Inspector
Important NEC Requirements

Article 100 covers definitions.
110.3(B) requires listed or labeled equipment to be installed and used
in accordance with any instructions included in the listing or labeling.
110.9 requires equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels
to have an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit
voltage and the current that is available at the line terminals of
the equipment.
110.10 requires the overcurrent protective devices, the total impedance,
the component short-circuit current ratings, and other characteristics
of the circuit protected to be selected and coordinated to permit the
circuit-protective devices used to clear a fault to do so without
extensive damage to the electrical components of the circuit.
Listed products applied in accordance with their listing meet
this requirement.
110.16 covers the required flash protection hazard marking
of equipment.
110.22 covers the field labeling requirements when series combination
ratings are applied.
Article 210 covers the requirements for branch circuits.
Article 215 covers the requirements for feeder circuits.
Article 225 covers the requirements for outside branch circuits
and feeders.
Article 230 covers the requirements for services.
240.2 defines current-limiting devices and coordination.
240.4 requires conductors to be protected against overcurrent in
accordance with their ampacity as specified in 310.15. 240.4(B)
typically permits the next standard overcurrent protective device
rating, per 240.6, to be used if the ampacity of a conductor does not
correspond with a standard rating (for overcurrent devices 800 amps
or less).
240.5 requires flexible cords, extension cords, and fixture wire to
have overcurrent protection rated at their ampacities. Supplementary
overcurrent protection is an acceptable method of protection.
Additional acceptable branch circuit overcurrent protection conditions
for conductors are covered in 240.5(B).
240.6 provides the standard ampere ratings for fuses and inverse time
circuit breakers.
240.21 requires overcurrent protection in each ungrounded conductor
to be located at the point where the conductors receive their supply,
except as permitted in:
(B) Feeder Taps, (C) Transformer Secondary Conductors, (D) Service
Conductors, (E) Busway Taps, (F) Motor Circuit Taps, and (G)
Conductors from Generator Terminals.
240.60 covers the general requirements for cartridge type fuses and
fuseholders. This includes the requirements for 300V type fuses,

non-interchangeable fuseholders, and fuse marking.
240.83 covers the marking requirements for circuit breakers.
240.85 covers the requirements for the application of straight (such
as 480V) and slash rated (such as 480/277V) circuit breakers.
Additional consideration of the circuit breakers individual
pole-interrupting capability for other than solidly grounded wye
systems is indicated.
240.86 covers the requirements for series rated combinations, where
a circuit breaker with an interrupting rating lower than the available
fault current can be applied provided it is properly protected by an
acceptable overcurrent protective device on the line side of the circuit
breaker. Additional considerations include marking and motor
contribution.
250.4 covers the requirements for grounding and bonding of electrical
equipment. The bonding of equipment must provide an effective
ground-fault current path. The grounding of equipment must provide a
low-impedance circuit capable of carrying the maximum ground-fault
current likely to be imposed on any part of the wiring system where a
ground fault may occur.
250.28 covers the requirements for the main bonding jumper.
250.64 covers the installation requirements of the grounding electrode
conductor. 250.66 covers the required size of the grounding electrode
conductor.
250.90 requires bonding to be provided where necessary to ensure
electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any fault
current likely to be imposed. Bonding of services is covered in
250.92. Bonding of other enclosures is covered in 250.96. Bonding
size and material is covered in 250.102. Bonding of piping system
and structural steel is covered in 250.104.
250.118 covers acceptable types of equipment grounding conductors.
250.120 covers the installation requirements for the equipment
grounding conductor. 250.122 and Table 250.122 cover the required
minimum size for the equipment grounding conductor. NOTE: Where
necessary to comply with 250.4, the equipment grounding conductor
may be required to be sized larger than shown in Table 250.122.
Chapter 3 covers the requirements for wiring methods.
310.15 covers the permitted ampacities for conductors.
Article 404 covers the requirements for switches.
Article 408 covers the requirements for panelboards and switchboards.
430.32 covers the overload protection requirements for motor branch
circuits. 430.52 covers the branch-circuit, short-circuit and ground-fault
protection requirements for motor branch circuits.
450.3 covers the overcurrent protection requirements for transformers.
620.62 requires the overcurrent protective device for each elevator
disconnecting means to be selective coordinated with any other
supply side overcurrent protective device if multiple elevator circuits
are fed from a single feeder.
For more detailed information, see the NE02R bulletin.
Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings

In order for an overcurrent protective device to operate properly, the
overcurrent protective device ratings must be properly selected.
These ratings include voltage, ampere and interrupting rating. Of the
three of the ratings, perhaps the most important and most often
overlooked is the interrupting rating. If the interrupting rating is not
properly selected, a serious hazard for equipment and personnel
will exist. Current limiting can be considered as another overcurrent
protective device rating, although not all overcurrent protective
devices are required to have this characteristic. This will be
discussed in more detail in Part IV, Component Protection.
Voltage Rating
The voltage rating of the overcurrent protective device must be at
least equal to or greater than the circuit voltage. The overcurrent
protective device rating can be higher than the system voltage but
never lower. For instance, a 600V fuse or circuit breaker can be used
in a 208V circuit. One aspect of the voltage rating of an overcurrent
protective device is a function of its capability to open a circuit under

an overcurrent condition. Specifically, the voltage rating determines
the ability of the overcurrent protective device to suppress and
extinguish the internal arcing that occurs during the opening of an
overcurrent condition. If an overcurrent protective device is used with
a voltage rating lower than the circuit voltage, arc suppression and
the ability to extinguish the arc will be impaired and, under some
overcurrent conditions, the overcurrent protective device may not
clear the overcurrent safely. The voltage rating is required to be
marked on all overcurrent protective device labels.
NECR 240.60 (A)(2) allows 300V type cartridge fuses to be permitted
on single-phase line-to-neutral circuits supplied from 3-phase, 4 wire,
solidly grounded neutral source where the line-to-neutral voltage does
not exceed 300V. This allows 300V cartridge fuses to be used on
single-phase 277V lighting circuits.
Per NECR 240.85, a circuit breaker with a slash rating, such as
480Y/277V, can only be applied in a solidly grounded wye circuit
where the nominal voltage of any conductor to ground does not
exceed the lower of the two values and the nominal voltage between
any two conductors does not exceed the higher value. Thus, a
480Y/277V circuit breaker could not be applied on a 480V corner
grounded, because the voltage to ground exceeds 277 volts. It could
not be used on 480V resistance grounded or ungrounded systems
because they are not solidly grounded.
Ampere Rating
Every overcurrent protective device has a specific ampere rating.
In selecting the ampere rating of the overcurrent protective device,
consideration must be given to the type of load and code requirements.
The ampere rating of a fuse or circuit breaker normally should not
exceed the current carrying capacity of the conductors. For instance,
if a conductor is rated to carry 20A, a 20A fuse is the largest that
should be used.
As a general rule, the ampere rating of a fuse or a circuit breaker
is selected at 125% of the continuous load current. Since the
conductors are generally selected at 125% of the continuous load
current, the ampacity of the conductors is typically not exceeded.
However, there are some specific circumstances in which the ampere
rating is permitted to be greater than the current carrying capacity of
the conductors. A typical example is the motor circuit; dual-element
fuses generally are permitted to be sized up to 175% and an inverse
time circuit breaker up to 250% of the motor full-load amperes.
NECR 240.4(B) allows the next higher standard overcurrent protective
device rating (above the ampacity of the conductors being protected)
to be used for overcurrent protective devices 800A or less provided
the conductor ampacity does not already correspond to a standard
overcurrent protective device size and if certain other conditions
are met.
NECR 240.4(C) requires the ampacity of the conductor to be equal
to or greater than the rating of the overcurrent protective device for
overcurrent devices rated over 800A.
NECR 240.4(D) requires the overcurrent protective device shall not
exceed 15A for 14 AWG, 20A for 12 AWG, and 30A for 10 AWG
copper; or 15A for 12 AWG and 25A for 10 AWG aluminum and
copper-clad aluminum after any correction factors for ambient
temperature and number of conductors have been applied.
NECR 240.6 lists the standard ampere ratings for fuses and inverse
time circuit breakers. Standard amperage sizes are 15, 20, 25, 30,
35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250,
300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000,
2500, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000. Additional standard ampere ratings
for fuses are 1, 3, 6, 10 and 601. The use of non-standard ratings
are permitted.
Interrupting Rating
NECR Article 100 defines interrupting rating as: The highest current at
rated voltage that a device is intended to interrupt under standard test
conditions.
An overcurrent protective device must be able to withstand the
destructive energy of short-circuit currents. If a fault current exceeds
the interrupting rating of the overcurrent protective device, the device

may actually rupture, causing additional damage.
The picture to the right illustrates
how considerable damage can
result if the interrupting rating of a
protective device is exceeded by a
short-circuit current. Thus, it is
important when applying a fuse or
circuit breaker to use one which
can physically interrupt the largest
potential short-circuit currents.
NECR 110.9, requires equipment
intended to interrupt current at fault
levels to have an interrupting rating
sufficient for the current that must
be interrupted. This article emphasizes
the difference between clearing
fault level
currents and clearing operating
currents. Protective devices such as fuses and circuit breakers are
designed to clear fault currents and, therefore, must have short-circuit
interrupting ratings sufficient for all available fault levels. Equipment
such as contactors and switches have interrupting ratings for currents
at other than fault levels, such as normal current overloads and
locked rotor currents.
Minimum Interrupting Rating
NECR 240.60(C) states that the minimum interrupting rating for a
branch-circuit cartridge fuse is 10,000A. NECR 240.83(C) states that
the minimum interrupting rating for a branch-circuit circuit breaker is
5,000A. The circuit breaker or fuse must be properly marked if the
interrupting rating exceeds these respective minimum ratings.
These minimum interrupting ratings and markings do not apply to
supplemental protective devices such as glass tube fuses or
supplemental protectors.
Modern current-limiting fuses, such as Class J, R,T and L have a high
interrupting rating of 200,000A to 300,000A at rated voltage. Molded
case circuit breakers typically come in a variety of interrupting ratings
from 10,000A to 200,000A and are dependent upon the voltage rating.
Typical incremental interrupting ratings for a single series of circuit
breakers may be 14kA, 25kA, 65kA and 100kA at 480V. As interrupting
rating of circuit breakers increases, so does the cost of the circuit
breaker. Typically the circuit breaker that just meets the required
available fault current is selected. However, this may be insufficient in
the future if changes to the electrical system are made.
Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings

Short-Circuit Currents and Interrupting

Rating
To better understand interrupting rating and the importance of compliance with NEC 110.9,
consider these analogies
R
Normal Current Operation

Short-Circuit Operation with Inadequate Interrupting Rating
Short-Circuit Operation with Adequate Interrupting Rating
FLOOD GATES
ANALOGOUS
TO OVERCURRENT
PROTECTIVE
DEVICE
RESERVOIR CAPACITY
ANALOGOUS TO
AVAILABLE FAULT
CURRENT
LOAD
CURRENT
(100 GALLONS
PER MINUTE)
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTIVE
DEVICE
AVAILABLE FAULT
CURRENT (e.g., 50,000 AMPS)
FLOOD GATES ARE
DESTROYED BECAUSE
OF INADEQUATE
INTERRUPTING RATING
DAM BREAKS AND RESERVOIR
RELEASES SHORT CIRCUIT
CURRENT OF 50,000 GALLONS
PER MINUTE
OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE
WITHINADEQUATE INTERRUPTING
RATING. IN VIOLATION OF NEC 110.9.
IS DESTROYED.
AVAILABLE FAULT
FLOOD GATES HAVE
ADEQUATE INTERRUPTING
RATING. FAULT CURRENT
SAFELY INTERRUPTED
WITH ADEQUATE INTERRUPTING RATING
IN COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 110.9 IS
UNDAMAGED
SHORT CIRCUIT
CURRENT SAFELY
CLEARED
AVAILABLE FAULT
Point-To-Point Method Of Short-Circuit

Calculation
Adequate interrupting rating and protection of electrical components
are two essential aspects required by the NECR 110.3(B), 110.9,
110.10, 240.1, 250.4, 250.90, 250.96, and Table 250.122 Note.
The first step to ensure that system protective devices have the proper
interrupting rating and provide component protection is to determine
the available short-circuit currents. The application of the Point-To-Point
method can be used to determine the available short-circuit currents
with a reasonable degree of accuracy at various points for either 3
or 1 electrical distribution systems. The example shown here
assumes unlimited primary short-circuit current (infinite bus).
Calculation Of Short-Circuit Currents

Point-To-Point Method.
Example Of 3-Phase Short-Circuit Calculation
Basic Short-Circuit Calculation Procedure.
Procedure
Step 1 Determine transf.
full-load amperes
from either:
a) Name plate
b) Tables 3A & 3B
c) Formula
Step 2 Find transformer
multiplier
See Note 3.
Step 3 Determine transf.
let-through shortcircuit
current
(Formula or Table 5)
See Note 1 and Note 4.
Step 4 Calculate
f factor.
Step 5 Calculate M
(multiplier) or take
from Table 4.
Step 6 Compute the
available shortcircuit
current
(RMS symmetrical)
See Note 1, Note 2, and Note 5
3o transf. IFLA =
ISCA = Transf.FLA x multiplier
ISCA (L-L-L) =
46,273 x .852 = 39,425A

(Use ISCA (L-L-L) at Fault #1 to calculate)
** ISCA (L-L-L) = 833 X 55.55 = 46,273

KVA x 1000
EL-L x 1.73
IFLA = KVA x 1000 = = 833A
EL-L x 1.732
300 x 1000
208 x 1.732
100
1.8
3o faults f = 1.732 x L x lL-L-L
C x n x EL-L
f =1.732 x L x lL-L-L
C x n x EL-L
1.732 x 20 x 46,273
22,185 x 2 x 208
f = 1.732 x 20 x 39,425
5,907 x 1 x 208
2 x L x lL-L
C x n x EL-L
100
Transf.
1o transf. IFLA =
Multiplier =
100
.9x Transf. %Z
KVA x 1000 Multiplier =
EL-L
f=
1
ISCA = ISCA x M
1+f
M=
1
1+f
1
M = 1 + .174
2 x L x lL-N*
C x n x EL-N
f=
1o line-to-line
(L-L) faults
See Note 5
1o line-to-neutral
(L-N) faults
See Note 2 and
Note 5
L = length (feet) of conduit to the fault.
C = conductor constant. See Tables 1, 2.
n = number of conductors per phase
(Adjusts C value for parallel runs)
I = available short-circuit current in
amperes at beginning of circuit.
Formula FAULT #1
at
fault
at
beginning of circuit.
Note 1. Motor short-circuit contribution, if significant, should be added at all fault locations
throughout the system. A practical estimate of motor short-circuit
contribution is to multiply the total motor full-load current in amperes by 4. Values
of 4 to 6 are commonly accepted
Note 2. For single-phase center-tapped transformers, the L-N fault current is higher than
the L-L fault current at the secondary terminals. The short-circuit current available
(I) for this case in Step 4 should be adjusted at the transformer
terminals as follows:
At L-N center tapped transformer terminals
IL-N = 1.5 x IL-L at Transformer Terminals
At some distance from the terminals, depending upon wire size, the L-N fault current
is lower than the L-L fault current. The 1.5 multiplier is an approximation and will
theoretically vary from 1.33 to 1.67. These figures are based on change in turns ratio
between primary and secondary, infinite source available, zero feet from terminals of
transformer, and 1.2 x %X and 1.5 x %R for L-N vs. L-L resistance and reactance values.
Begin L-N calculations at transformer secondary terminals, then proceed point-to-point.
*
300 KVA, 2%Z, 3
120/208V Secondary
20', (2) 4-500 kcmil CU

Steel conduit 20', 4 - 2 AWG CU
Steel conduit
Infinite
Primary
Available
Fault #2
Fault #1
MAIN SERVICE
PANEL
BRANCH CIRCUIT PANEL
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
=
=
=
= .174
= 1.11
= .852 (See Table 4)
1
1+f
1
M = = 1 + 1.11 = .474 (See Table 4)
= 55.55
3-Phase Short-Circuit Current at Transformer Secondary
3-Phase Short Circuit Current at Fault #1
ISCA (L-L-L) =
39,425 x .474 = 18,687A
3-Phase Short-Circuit Current at Fault #2
FAULT #2
**The motor contribution and voltage variance should be accounted for at this
point. See Notes 1 and 4.

Transformer %Z is multiplied by .9 to establish a worst case condition.
See Note 3.
Note 3: The marked impedance values on transformers may vary }10% from
the actual values determined by ANSI / IEEE test. See U.L. Standard 1561.
Therefore, multiply transformer %Z by .9. Transformers constructed to ANSI
standards have a } 7.5% impedance tolerance (two-winding construction).
Note 4. Utility voltages may vary }10% for power, and }5.8% for 120-volt
lighting services. Therefore, for worst case conditions, multiply values as
calculated in Step 3 by 1.1 and/or 1.058 respectively.
Note 5: The calculated short-circuit currents above represent the bolted fault
values that approximate worst case conditions. Approximations of Bolted fault
values as percentage of 3-Phase (L-L-L) bolted fault values are shown below.
Phase-Phase (L-L): 87%
Phase-Ground (L-G) 25-125% (Use 100% near transformer, 50% otherwise)
Phase-Neutral (L-N) 25-125% (Use 100% near transformer, 50% otherwise)
Note 6: Approximation of arcing fault values for sustained arcs as percentage
of 3-Phase (L-L-L) bolted fault values are shown below.
3-Phase (L-L-L) Arching Fault
Phase-Phase (L-L) Arcing Fault
Phase-Ground (L-G) Arcing Fault
89% (maximum)
74% (maximum)
38% (minimum)
Note: These values are equal to one over the impedance per foot and based upon resistance and reactance values found in IEEE Std
241-1990 (Gray Book), IEEE Recommended
Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commerical Buildings & IEEE Std 242-1986 (Buff Book), IEEE Recommended Practice for
Protection and Coordination of Industrial and
Voltage
(Line-to-Transformer KVA Rating
Line) 45 75 112.5 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000
208 125 208 312 416 625 833 1388 2082 2776 4164 5552
220 118 197 295 394 590 787 1312 1968 2624 3937 5249
240 108 180 271 361 541 722 1203 1804 2406 3609 4811
440 59 98 148 197 295 394 656 984 1312 1968 2624
460 56 94 141 188 282 377 628 941 1255 1883 2510
480 54 90 135 180 271 361 601 902 1203 1804 2406
600 43 72 108 144 217 289 481 722 962 1443 1925

Calculation
Ampacity Busway
Plug-In Feeder High Impedance
Copper Aluminum Copper Aluminum Copper
225 28700 23000 18700 12000
400 38900 34700 23900 21300
600 41000 38300 36500 31300
800 46100 57500 49300 44100
1000 69400 89300 62900 56200 15600
1200 94300 97100 76900 69900 16100
1350 119000 104200 90100 84000 17500
1600 129900 120500 101000 90900 19200
2000 142900 135100 134200 125000 20400
2500 143800 156300 180500 166700 21700
3000 144900 175400 204100 188700 23800
4000 277800 256400
Note: These values are equal to one over the impedance per foot for
impedance in a survey of industry.
Voltage Transformer KVA Rating
25 50 75 100 167 250 333 500
115/230 109 217 326 435 726 1087 1448 2174
120/240 104 208 313 417 696 1042 1388 2083
230/460 54 109 163 217 363 543 724 1087
240/480 52 104 156 208 348 521 694 1042
Calculation Of Short-Circuit Currents

At Second Transformer In System.
Use the following procedure to calculate the level
of fault current at the secondary of a second, downstream
transformer in a system when the level of
fault current at the transformer primary is known.
Step A Calculate f
(ISCA(P), known).
Step B Calculate M
(multiplier) or take
from Table 4.
Step C Calculate short-circuit
current at secondary
of transformer.
(See Note 1 under
Basic Procedure)
3o transformer (ISCA(P) and
I SCA(S) are 3o fault values).
1o transformer (ISCA(P) and
ISCA(S) are 1o fault values;
I SCA(S) is L-L.)
Procedure
Procedure For Second Transformer in System

Formula
ISCA(P) = Available fault current at transformer primary.
ISCA(S) = Available fault current at transformer secondary.
VP = Primary voltage L-L.
VS = Secondary voltage L-L.
KVA = KVA rating of transformer.
%Z = Percent impedance of transformer.
Note: To calculate fault level at the end
of a conductor run, follow Steps 4, 5, and 6
of Basic Procedure.
f=
100,000 x KVA
ISCA(P) x VP x 1.732 (%Z)
ISCA(S) =
VP x M x ISCA(P)
f=
100,000 x KVA
ISCA(P) x VP x (%Z)
M=
1+f
1
VS
Table 3A. Three-Phase TransformerFull-Load
Current Rating (In Amperes)
Table 1. C Values for Busway
Table 3B. Single-Phase TransformerFull-Load
Current Rating (In Amperes)
MAIN TRANSFORMER
H.V. UTILITY
CONNECTION
KNOWN
FAULT
CURRENT
KNOWN
FAULT
CURRENT
Table 2. C Values for Conductors

Copper
AWG Three Single Conductors Three-Conductor Cable
or Conduit Conduit
kcmil Steel Nonmagnetic Steel Nonmagnetic
600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV
14 389 - - 389 - - 389 - - 389 - 12 617 - - 617 - - 617 - - 617 - 10 981 - - 982 - - 982 - - 982 - 8 1557 1551 - 1559 1555 - 1559 1557 - 1560 1558 6 2425 2406 2389 2430 2418 2407 2431 2425 2415 2433 2428 2421
4 3806 3751 3696 3826 3789 3753 3830 3812 3779 3838 3823 3798
3 4774 4674 4577 4811 4745 4679 4820 4785 4726 4833 4803 4762
2 5907 5736 5574 6044 5926 5809 5989 5930 5828 6087 6023 5958
1 7293 7029 6759 7493 7307 7109 7454 7365 7189 7579 7507 7364
1/0 8925 8544 7973 9317 9034 8590 9210 9086 8708 9473 9373 9053
2/0 10755 10062 9390 11424 10878 10319 11245 11045 10500 11703 11529 11053
3/0 12844 11804 11022 13923 13048 12360 13656 13333 12613 14410 14119 13462
4/0 15082 13606 12543 16673 15351 14347 16392 15890 14813 17483 17020 16013
250 16483 14925 13644 18594 17121 15866 18311 17851 16466 19779 19352 18001
300 18177 16293 14769 20868 18975 17409 20617 20052 18319 22525 21938 20163
350 19704 17385 15678 22737 20526 18672 22646 21914 19821 24904 24126 21982
400 20566 18235 16366 24297 21786 19731 24253 23372 21042 26916 26044 23518
500 22185 19172 17492 26706 23277 21330 26980 25449 23126 30096 28712 25916
600 22965 20567 17962 28033 25204 22097 28752 27975 24897 32154 31258 27766
750 24137 21387 18889 29735 26453 23408 31051 30024 26933 34605 33315 29735
1,000 25278 22539 19923 31491 28083 24887 33864 32689 29320 37197 35749 31959
ISCA(P) ISCA(S)
ISCA(P) ISCA(S)

Calculation
Aluminum
AWG Three Single Conductors Three-Conductor Cable
or Conduit Conduit
kcmil Steel Nonmagnetic Steel Nonmagnetic
600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV 600V 5kV 15kV
14 237 - - 237 - - 237 - - 237 - 12 376 - - 376 - - 376 - - 376 - 10 599 - - 599 - - 599 - - 599 - 8 951 950 - 952 951 - 952 951 - 952 952 6 1481 1476 1472 1482 1479 1476 1482 1480 1478 1482 1481 1479
4 2346 2333 2319 2350 2342 2333 2351 2347 2339 2353 2350 2344
3 2952 2928 2904 2961 2945 2929 2963 2955 2941 2966 2959 2949
2 3713 3670 3626 3730 3702 3673 3734 3719 3693 3740 3725 3709
1 4645 4575 4498 4678 4632 4580 4686 4664 4618 4699 4682 4646
1/0 5777 5670 5493 5838 5766 5646 5852 5820 5717 5876 5852 5771
2/0 7187 6968 6733 7301 7153 6986 7327 7271 7109 7373 7329 7202
3/0 8826 8467 8163 9110 8851 8627 9077 8981 8751 9243 9164 8977
4/0 10741 10167 9700 11174 10749 10387 11185 11022 10642 11409 11277 10969
250 12122 11460 10849 12862 12343 11847 12797 12636 12115 13236 13106 12661
300 13910 13009 12193 14923 14183 13492 14917 14698 13973 15495 15300 14659
350 15484 14280 13288 16813 15858 14955 16795 16490 15541 17635 17352 16501
400 16671 15355 14188 18506 17321 16234 18462 18064 16921 19588 19244 18154
500 18756 16828 15657 21391 19503 18315 21395 20607 19314 23018 22381 20978
600 20093 18428 16484 23451 21718 19635 23633 23196 21349 25708 25244 23295
750 21766 19685 17686 25976 23702 21437 26432 25790 23750 29036 28262 25976
1,000 23478 21235 19006 28779 26109 23482 29865 29049 26608 32938 31920 29135
Table 5. Short-Circuit Currents Available from Various Size Transformers

(Based upon actual field nameplate data, published information, or from utility
transformer worst case impedance)
Voltage Full % Short
and Load Impedance Circuit
Phase KVA Amps (nameplate) Amps
25 104 1.5 12175
37.5 156 1.5 18018
120/240 50 208 1.5 23706
1 ph.* 75 313 1.5 34639
100 417 1.6 42472
167 696 1.6 66644
45 125 1.0 13879
75 208 1.0 23132
112.5 312 1.11 31259
150 416 1.07 43237
120/208 225 625 1.12 61960
3 ph.** 300 833 1.11 83357
500 1388 1.24 124364
750 2082 3.50 66091
1000 2776 3.50 88121
1500 4164 3.50 132181
2000 5552 4.00 154211
2500 6940 4.00 192764
75 90 1.0 10035
112.5 135 1.0 15053
150 181 1.20 16726
225 271 1.20 25088
300 361 1.20 33451
277/480 500 602 1.30 51463
3 ph.** 750 903 3.50 28672
1000 1204 3.50 38230
1500 1806 3.50 57345
2000 2408 4.00 66902
2500 3011 4.00 83628
**
*
fMfM
0.01 0.99
0.02 0.98
0.03 0.97
0.04 0.96
0.05 0.95
0.06 0.94
0.07 0.93
0.08 0.93
0.09 0.92
0.10 0.91
0.15 0.87
0.20 0.83
0.25 0.80
0.30 0.77
0.35 0.74
0.40 0.71
0.50 0.67
0.60 0.63
0.70 0.59
0.80 0.55
0.90 0.53
1.00 0.50
1.20 0.45
1.50 0.40
1.75 0.36
2.00 0.33
2.50 0.29
3.00 0.25
3.50 0.22
4.00 0.20
5.00 0.17
6.00 0.14
7.00 0.13
8.00 0.11
9.00 0.10
10.00 0.09
15.00 0.06
20.00 0.05
30.00 0.03
40.00 0.02
50.00 0.02
60.00 0.02
70.00 0.01
80.00 0.01
90.00 0.01
100.00 0.01
Table 4. M (Multiplier)*
1
1+f
M=
Table 5 Notes:
Single phase values are L-N values at transformer terminals. These figures
are based on change in turns ratio between primary and secondary, 100,000
KVA primary, zero feet from terminals of transformer, 1.2 (%X) and 1.5
(%R) multipliers for L-N vs. L-L reactance and resistance values and
transformer X/R ratio = 3.
Three-phase short-circuit currents based on infinite primary.
UL listed transformers 25 KVA or greater have a }10% impedance tolerance.
Transformers constructed to ANSI standards have a } 7.5% impedance
tolerance (two-winding construction). Short-circuit amps reflect a worst
case condition (-10%).
Fluctuations in system voltage will affect the available short-circuit current.
For example, a 10% increase in system voltage will result in a 10% increase
in the available short-circuit currents shown in the table.
Commercial Power Systems. Where resistance and reactance values differ or are not available, the Buff Book values have been
used. The values for reactance in determining the C
Value at 5 KV & 15 KV are from the Gray Book only (Values for 14-10 AWG at 5 kV and 14-8 AWG at 15 kV are not available and
values for 3 AWG have been approximated).
Work Sheet Problem Main Distribution

Panel
PRIMARY FUSE
Ground Bus
-2/0 AWG
300 KVA Transformer by Utility
120/208 Volt, 3 Phase, 4 Wire
2% Impedance
(2) 3" C. Each with 4 - 500 kcmils/XHHN - 20 Feet
4 - 8 AWG THHN, 3/4"C. - 10 Feet
METER
MAIN SWITCH
800/800
200/200
200/150
100/100
100/90
100/70
100/
200/
4 - 3/0 AWG THHN, 2" C. - 60 Feet
4 - 1/0 AWG THHN, 1-1/2" C. - 15 Feet
4 - 3 AWG THHN, 1-1/4" C. - 20 Feet
3 - 3 AWG THHN, 1" C. - 35 Feet
3 - 4 AWG THHN, 1" C. - 35 Feet
LPA
LPC
LPB
AC-1
AC-2
3
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
EMP
120V
FLUOR.
FIXTURE
3 - 12 AWG THHN
3 - 8 AWG THHN, 3/4" C.- 4 Feet
Combination
Motor
Controller
1/2" C. - 30'
7-1/2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Note: Assume steel conduit.
Short-Circuit Calculations Worksheet

(1) Transformer (Secondary Terminals Assuming Infinite Primary)
Find: Transformer Full-Load Amperes - IFLA (3 Phase):
IFLA =
Find: Multiplier M
M=
Calculate: Short-Circuit Current (SCA)
SCA =
SCA with voltage variance =
Motor Contribution* =
* Note: Calculate additional motor short-circuit contribution. Assume 50% (400A) of the total load is
from all motors. Multiply
total motor FLA by 4 (400 x 4 = 1,600A). In theory, the additional motor short-circuit contribution
should be calculated at all
points in the system, and may vary depending upon the location.
SCA with voltage variance and motor contribution =

(2) MDP
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (Transformer Secondary Terminals with voltage
variance)
= _____________________
Find: f factor
f=
Find: Multiplier - M
M=
Motor Contribution =
(3) LPA
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (MDP with voltage variance) = _______________
Find: f factor
f=
M=
(4) LPC
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (MDP with voltage variance) = _______________
Find: f factor
f=
M=


(5) LPB
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (MDP with voltage variance) = ________________
Find: f factor
f=
M=
(6) AC-1
Find: f factor
f=
M=
(7) AC-2
Find: f factor
f=
M=

(8) EMP
Find: f factor
f=
M=
(9) Fluorescent Fixture
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (LPA with voltage variance) = ________________
Find: f factor
f=
M=

*Ignore motor contribution for this step
(10) Combination Motor Controller
Short-Circuit Current at beginning of run (LPC with voltage variance) = ________________
Find: f factor
f=
M=
NEC 110.10, Current Limitation, and

Devices
NEC 110.10 states The overcurrent protective devices, the total
impedance, the component short-circuit current ratings, and other
characteristics of the circuit to be protected shall be selected and
coordinated to permit the circuit protective devices used to clear a
fault to do so without extensive damage to the electrical components
of the circuit. This fault shall be assumed to be either between two or
more of the circuit conductors, or between any circuit conductor and
the grounding conductor or enclosing metal raceway. Listed products
applied in accordance with their listing shall be considered to meet
the requirements of this section.
This requires that overcurrent protective devices, such as fuses
and circuit breakers be selected in such a manner that the
short-circuit current ratings of the system components will not be
exceeded should a short circuit occur. The short-circuit current
rating is the maximum short-circuit current that a component can
safely withstand. Failure to limit the fault current within the
short-circuit current rating may result in component destruction
under short-circuit conditions.
The last sentence of NECR 110.10 emphasizes the requirement to
thoroughly review the product standards and to apply components
within the short-circuit current ratings in these standards. Simply,
selecting overcurrent protective devices that have an adequate
interrupting rating per NECR 110.9, does not assure protection of
electrical system components. To properly comply with NEC R 110.10,
current limiting overcurrent protective devices may be required.
Current Limitation
The clearing time for an overcurrent protective device can vary
depending upon the type of device used. Many circuit breakers
require one-half (12) to three cycles to open as shown in the figure
to the right.
However, other devices are tested, listed, and marked as
current-limiting, such as the BussmannR Low-PeakR Fuses.
To be listed as current limiting several requirements must be met.
NEC 240.2 offers the following definition of a
current-limiting overcurrent protective device:
A current-limiting overcurrent protective device is a device that,
when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range, will reduce the
current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less
than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced
with a solid conductor having comparable impedance.
A current-limiting overcurrent protective device is one that cuts off a
fault current, within its current-limiting range, in less than one-half
cycle. See figure to right. It thus prevents short-circuit currents from
building up to their full available values. In practice, an overcurrent
protective device can be determined to be current limiting if it is listed
and marked as current limiting in accordance with the listing standard.
It is important to note that not all devices have the same degree of
current limitation, some devices are more current limiting than others.
The degree of current-limitation can be determined from the

let-through charts.
Greatest damage can occur to components in the first half-cycle.
Heating of components to very high temperatures can cause
deterioration of insulation, or even vaporization of conductors.
Tremendous magnetic forces between conductors can crack
insulators and loosen or rupture bracing structures.
Current-Limiting Overcurrent Devices
The degree of current-limitation of an overcurrent protective device,
such as a current-limiting fuse, depends upon the size, type of fuse,
and in general, upon the available short-circuit current which can be
delivered by the electrical system. The current-limitation of fuses can
be determined by let-through charts. Fuse let-through charts are
plotted from actual test data. The fuse curves represent the cutoff
value of the prospective available short-circuit current under the given
circuit conditions. Each type or class of fuse has its own family of
let-through curves.
Prior to using the Let-Through Charts, it must be determined what
let-through data is pertinent to equipment withstand ratings.
Equipment withstand ratings can be described as:
How Much Fault Current can the equipment handle, and for How Long?
Square of area within waveform
loops represent destrucive
energy impressed upon circuit
components
The most important data which can be obtained from the Let-Through
Charts and their physical effects are the following:
A. Peak let-through current the square of which relates to
maximum mechanical forces
B. Apparent prospective RMS symmetrical let-through current the
square of which relates to the thermal energy
How to Use the Let-Through Charts
This is a typical example showing the short-circuit current available
(86,000 amperes) to an 800 ampere circuit, an 800 ampere
BussmannR LOW-PEAKR current-limiting, time-delay fuse, and the
let-through data of interest.
Using the example given, one can determine the pertinent let-through
data for the BussmannR KRP-C800SP ampere LOW-PEAKR fuse.
A. Determine the peak let-through current.
Step 1. Enter the chart on the prospective short-circuit current scale at
86,000 amperes (point A) and proceed vertically until the 800 ampere
fuse curve is intersected.
Step 2. Follow horizontally until the instantaneous peak let-through
current scale is intersected (point D).
Step 3. Read the peak let-through current as 49,000 amperes. (If a
fuse had not been used, the peak current would have been 198,000
amperes (point C).)
B. Determine the apparent prospective RMS symmetrical
let-through current.
Step 1. Enter the chart on the prospective short-circuit current scale at
86,000 amperes (point A) and proceed vertically until the 800 ampere
fuse curve is intersected.
Step 2. Follow horizontally until line A-B is intersected.
Step 3. Proceed vertically down to the prospective short-circuit current
(point B).
Step 4. Read the apparent prospective RMS symmetrical let-through
current as 21,000 amperes. (the RMS symmetrical let-through current
would be 86,000 amperes if there were no fuse in the circuit.)
Most electrical equipment has a withstand rating that is defined in
terms of an RMS symmetrical-short-circuit current, and in some
cases, peak let-through current. These values have been established
through short-circuit testing of that equipment according to an accepted
industry standard. Or, as is the case with conductors, the withstand
rating is based on a physics formula and is also expressed in an RMS
short-circuit current. If both the let-through currents (I RMS and Ip) of
the current-limiting overcurrent protective device and the time it takes
to clear the fault are less than the withstand rating of the electrical
component, then that component will be protected from short-circuit
damage.
Let-through charts and tables for BussmannR KRP-C, LPJ, LPN-RK,

LPS-RK, FRN-R, FRS-R, JJN, and JJS fuses are shown on pages
17-20.
800 Ampere LOW-PEAK Current-Limiting Time-Delay Fuse
and Associated Let-Through Data
Let-Through Charts

Current-Limitation Curves Bussmann LOW-PEAK
Time-Delay Fuse KRP-C-800SP
AMPERE
RATING
800A
INSTANTANEOUS PEAK LET-THROUGH CURRENT IN AMPS
1000
2000
3000
4000
6000
8000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
200,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
8000
6000
4000
3000
2000
1000
IRMS Available = 86,000 Amps

IRMS Let-Through = 21,000 Amps
Ip Available = 198,000 Amps
Ip Let-Through = 49,000 Amps
B
C
D
D
BA
C
A
A
PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPS
B
KRP-C800SP
86,000 Amps Ampere Fuse
RMS Sym.
Available
Short-Circuit
A. Peak Let-Through Current
B. Apparent Prospective RMS Sym.
Let-Through Current
Let-Through Charts
400000
9000
8000
7000
7000
6000
6000
300000
200000
100000
5000
4000
4000
90000
3000
2000
1000
3000
70000
80000
70000
60000
50000
60000
200000
20000
2000
40000
100000
50000
10000
5000
1000
30000
90000
80000
40000
9000
8000
30000
20000
10000
300000
800000
500000
600000
700000
900000
1000000
B
A
INSTANTANEOUS PEAK LET THRU CURRENT IN AMPERES
PROSPECTIVE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT - SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPERES
601A
800A
1200A
1600A
2000A
2500A
3000A
4000A
6000A
5000A
AMPERE
RATING
LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class L Time-Delay Fuses

KRP-C_SP
KRP-C_SP Fuse RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)
Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 601 800 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS
5,000 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
10,000 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
15,000 9 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
20,000 10 13 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
25,000 11 14 19 22 25 25 25 25 25 25
30,000 11 14 20 24 27 30 30 30 30 30
35,000 12 15 21 25 29 35 35 35 35 35
40,000 13 16 22 26 30 35 40 40 40 40
50,000 14 17 23 28 32 37 50 50 50 50
60,000 15 18 25 30 34 40 49 60 60 60
70,000 15 19 26 32 36 42 52 62 70 70
80,000 16 20 27 33 38 44 54 65 76 80
90,000 17 21 29 34 39 45 56 67 79 90
100,000 17 22 30 36 41 47 58 70 81 100
150,000 20 25 34 41 47 54 67 80 93 104
200,000 22 27 37 45 51 59 73 87 102 114
250,000 24 29 40 49 55 64 79 94 110 123
300,000 25 31 43 52 59 68 84 100 117 30
Note: For IRMS value at 300,000 amperes, consult Factory.
LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class J, Dual-Element Time-Delay

Fuses LPJ_SP
B
A
INSTANTANEOUS PEAK LET-THROUGH CURRENT IN AMPERES
15A
30A
60A
100A
200A
400A
600A
9000
8000
7000
7000
6000
6000
100000
5000
4000
4000
90000
3000
2000
1000
3000
70000
80000
70000
60000
50000
60000
200000
20000
2000
40000
100000
50000
10000
5000
1000
30000
90000
80000
40000
9000
8000
30000
20000
10000
300000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
100
400
200
300
700
500
600
900
800
PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT - SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPERES

AMPERE
RATING
LPJ_SP Fuse RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)

Prosp. Fuse Size
Short 15 30 60 100 200 400 600
C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS
1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3,000 1 1 1 2 2 3 3
5,000 1 1 1 2 3 5 5
10,000 1 1 2 2 4 6 8
15,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 9
20,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
25,000 1 1 2 3 5 8 10
30,000 1 1 2 3 5 8 11
35,000 1 1 2 4 5 9 12
40,000 1 2 3 4 6 9 12
50,000 1 2 3 4 6 10 13
60,000 1 2 3 4 6 11 14
80,000 1 2 3 5 7 12 15
100,000 1 2 4 5 8 12 17
150,000 1 2 4 6 9 14 19
200,000 2 3 4 6 9 16 21
250,000 2 3 5 7 10 17 23
300,000 2 3 5 7 11 18 24
Note: For IRMS value at 300,000 amperes, consult Factory.
20
Let-Through Charts
LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class RK1 Dual-Element Time-Delay
Fuses LPN-RK_SP
B
600A
400A
200A
100A
60A
30A
AMPERE
RATING

400,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
6,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
90,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
60,000
200,000
20,000
2,000
40,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
30,000
80,000
40,000
8,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
300,000
LPN-RK_SP RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)

Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 30 60 100 200 400 600
C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS
1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1
2,000 1 1 2 2 2 2
3,000 1 1 2 3 3 3
5,000 1 2 2 3 5 5
10,000 1 2 3 4 7 9
15,000 1 2 3 5 8 11
20,000 1 3 3 5 8 11
25,000 1 3 3 5 9 12
30,000 2 3 4 6 9 12
35,000 2 3 4 6 10 13
40,000 2 3 4 6 10 13
50,000 2 3 4 7 11 14
60,000 2 3 4 7 11 16
70,000 2 3 4 7 12 16
80,000 2 4 5 8 12 16
90,000 2 4 5 7 13 17
100,000 2 4 5 8 13 17
150,000 2 4 6 9 15 19
200,000 3 5 6 11 16 20
250,000 3 5 7 11 17 21
300,000 3 6 7 12 18 22
LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class RK1 Dual-Element Time-Delay
Fuses LPS-RK_SP
60A
30A
600A
400A
200A
AMPERE
RATING
100A

B
400,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
6,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
90,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
60,000
200,000
20,000
2,000
40,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
30,000
80,000
40,000
8,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
300,000
LPS-RK_SP RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)

Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 30 60 100 200 400 600
1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1
2,000 1 1 2 2 2 2
3,000 1 1 2 3 3 3
5,000 1 2 2 3 5 5
10,000 1 2 3 4 7 10
15,000 1 2 3 5 8 11
20,000 2 3 3 5 9 12
25,000 2 3 4 6 9 12
30,000 2 3 4 6 10 13
35,000 2 3 4 6 10 13
40,000 2 3 4 6 10 14
50,000 2 3 5 7 11 15
60,000 2 4 5 7 12 15
70,000 2 4 5 8 13 16
80,000 2 4 5 8 13 16
90,000 2 4 5 8 13 17
100,000 2 4 6 9 14 17
150,000 3 5 6 10 15 19
200,000 3 5 7 11 16 21
250,000 3 6 7 12 17 22
300,000 3 6 7 12 18 23
c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc.
Let-Through Charts
21
400000
9000
8000
7000
7000
6000
6000
300000
200000
100000
5000
4000
4000
90000
3000
2000
1000
3000
70000
80000
70000
60000
B
A
50000
60000
200000
20000
2000
40000
100000
50000
10000
5000
1000
30000
90000
80000
40000
9000
8000
30000
20000
10000
600A
400A
200A
100A
30A
60A
AMPERE
RATING

400000
9000
8000
7000
7000
6000
6000
300000
200000
100000
5000
4000
4000
90000
3000
2000
1000
3000
70000
80000
70000
60000
B
A
50000
60000
200000
20000
2000
40000
100000
50000
10000
5000
1000
30000
90000
80000
40000
9000
8000
30000
20000
10000
600A
400A
200A
100A
30A
60A
AMPERE
RATING
FUSETRON Class RK5 Dual-Element Time-Delay Fuses

FRN-R
FUSETRON Class RK5 Dual-Element Time-Delay Fuses
FRS-R
FRN-R RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)
Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 30 60 100 200 400 600
5,000 1 2 3 5 5 5
10,000 2 3 4 7 10 10
15,000 2 3 5 8 11 15
20,000 2 4 5 8 12 16
25,000 2 4 6 9 13 17
30,000 2 4 6 10 14 18
35,000 2 4 6 10 15 19
40,000 2 5 7 11 15 20
50,000 3 5 7 11 17 21
60,000 3 5 8 12 18 22
70,000 3 6 8 13 19 23
80,000 3 6 8 13 19 24
90,000 3 6 9 14 20 25
100,000 3 6 9 14 21 26
150,000 4 7 10 16 24 29
200,000 4 8 11 18 26 32
FRS-R RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)
Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 30 60 100 200 400 600
5,000 1 1 3 4 5 5
10,000 1 2 4 5 9 10
15,000 1 2 4 6 10 14
20,000 2 2 5 7 11 15
25,000 2 2 5 7 12 17
30,000 2 3 5 8 13 18
35,000 2 3 5 8 13 18
40,000 2 3 6 9 14 19
50,000 2 3 6 9 14 20
60,000 2 3 6 10 15 22
70,000 3 4 7 11 17 23
80,000 3 4 7 12 17 23
90,000 3 4 7 12 17 24
100,000 3 4 8 13 18 25
150,000 3 5 9 14 21 27
200,000 4 6 9 16 23 32
c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc.
Let-Through Charts
TRON Class T Fast-Acting Fuses
JJN
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
800
600
400
300
200
100
200
300
400
600
800
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
200,000
200,000
400,000
300,000
600
400
200
100
60
30
15
AMPERE
RATING
800
1200
B
A
PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTSYMMETRICAL RMS AMPS
TRON Class T Fast-Acting Fuses

JJS
800
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
600
400
300
200
100
200
300
400
600
800
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
200,000
200,000
400,000
300,000
600
400
200
100
60
30
AMPERE
RATING
800
15
B
A
PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTSYMMETRICAL RMS AMPS
JJN RMS Let-Through Current (kA)

Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 15 30 60 100 200 400 600 800 1200
C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS
500 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5,000 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 5
10,000 1 1 1 2 2 4 6 7 9
15,000 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9 10
20,000 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 11
25,000 1 1 2 2 3 5 7 10 12
30,000 1 1 2 2 3 5 8 11 13
35,000 1 1 2 3 4 6 8 11 13
40,000 1 1 2 3 4 6 9 11 13
50,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 9 12 15
60,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 10 13 16
70,000 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 14 17
80,000 1 2 2 3 5 8 11 15 17
90,000 1 2 2 3 6 8 11 15 18
100,000 1 2 2 4 6 8 12 16 19
150,000 1 2 3 4 6 9 13 17 22
200,000 2 2 3 4 7 9 15 19 23
JJS RMS Let-Through Current (kA)
Prosp.
Fuse Size
Short 15 30 60 100 200 400 600 800
C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS
500 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5,000 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 5
10,000 1 1 1 2 3 6 8 9
15,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 10 11
20,000 1 1 2 3 4 7 10 12
25,000 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 13
30,000 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 14
35,000 1 1 2 3 5 9 13 15
40,000 1 2 2 4 5 9 13 15
50,000 1 2 2 4 6 10 14 17
60,000 1 2 3 4 6 10 16 18
70,000 1 2 3 4 7 11 17 19
80,000 1 2 3 4 7 11 17 20
90,000 1 2 3 4 7 12 18 21
100,000 2 2 3 5 7 12 19 22
150,000 2 3 4 6 8 14 22 25
200,000 2 3 4 6 9 16 24 28
Conductor Protection
The increase in KVA capacity of power distribution systems
has resulted in available short-circuit currents of extremely high
magnitude. Fault induced, high conductor temperatures may
seriously damage conductor insulation.
As a guide in preventing such serious damage, maximum allowable
short-circuit temperatures, which begin to damage the insulation,
have been established for various types of insulation. For example,
75C thermoplastic insulation begins to be damaged at 150C.
The Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) withstand chart,
to the right, shows the currents, which, after flowing for the times
indicated, will produce these maximum temperatures for each
conductor size. The system available short-circuit current, conductor
cross-sectional area, and the overcurrent protective device
characteristics should be such that these maximum allowable

short-circuit currents and times are not exceeded.
Using the formula shown on the ICEA protection chart will allow the
engineer to calculate short-circuit current ratings of cable not shown
on these pages. This can be used to find short-circuit current ratings
where the clearing time is below 1 cycle. The table below the ICEA
chart shows a summary of the information from the ICEA
Chart/Formula.
The circuit shown in the figure below originates at a distribution
panel with an available short-circuit current of 40,000 amperes RMS
symmetrical. The 10 AWG THW copper conductor is protected by a
BussmannR LOW-PEAKR fuse sized per NECR 240.4(D) (30A
maximum for a 10 AWG conductor).
The ICEA table shows the 10 AWG conductor to have a short-circuit
withstand rating of 6,020A for 1/2 cycle. By reviewing the let-through
charts for the LPS-RK30SP, it can be seen that the fuse will reduce
the 40,000A fault to a value of 2,000A and clear within 1/2 cycle.
Thus, the 10 AWG conductor would be protected by the fuse.
Short-circuit protection of conductors is especially important for
equipment grounding conductors since reduced sizing is permitted
by Table 250.122. Similar concerns are present where circuit
breakers with short-time delay are utilized, since this delays the
short-circuit operation of circuit breakers. Motor circuits offer similar
concerns (overload relays provide the overload protection, with
branch-circuit protection being sized at several times the ampacity
of the conductor).
Copper, 75 Thermoplastic Insulated Cable Damage Table
(Based on 60 HZ)
Copper Maximum Short-Circuit Withstand Current in Amperes
Wire Size 75C 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 3
Thermoplastic Cycles* Cycles* Cycles* Cycle Cycles Cycles
18* 1850 1300 900 700 500 400

16* 3000 2100 1500 1100 700 600
14* 4,800 3,400 2,400 1,700 1,200 1,000
12* 7,600 5,400 3,800 2,700 1,900 1,550
10 12,000 8,500 6,020 4,300 3,000 2,450
8 19,200 13,500 9,600 6,800 4,800 3,900
6 30,400 21,500 16,200 10,800 7,600 6,200
4 48,400 34,200 24,200 17,100 12,100 9,900
* Extrapolated data.
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT - THOUSANDS OF AMPERES
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
800
600
400
300
200
100
CONDUCTOR SIZE
1,000 kcmil
500 kcmil
4/0 AWG
3/0 AWG
2/0 AWG
1 AWG
2 AWG
4 AWG
6 AWG
8 AWG
10 AWG
1 CYCLE0.0167 SECONDS
2 CYCLES 0.0333 SECONDS
1/0 AWG
3 AWG
Allowable Short-Circuit Currents for Insulated Copper

Conductors*
*Copyright 1969 (reaffirmed March, 1992) by the Insulated Cable Engineers
Association (ICEA). Permission has been given by ICEA to reprint this chart.
Short-Circuit Current Withstand Chart for Copper Cables

with Thermoplastic Insulation
CONDUCTOR: COPPER
INSULATION: THERMOPLASTIC
CURVES BASED ON FORMULA:
[ I ]2
[
t = .0297 log
T2 + 234
A T1 + 234
WHERE:
I = SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT - AMPERES
A = CONDUCTOR AREA - CIRCULAR MILS
t = TIME OF SHORT-CIRCUIT - SECONDS
T1 = MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE 75C
T2 = MAXIMUM SHORT-CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE 150C
Short-Circuit Protection of Wire and Cable

LOW-PEAK Dual-Element
Fuse LPS-RK30SP
40,000 Amps
RMS Sym.
Available
Short-Circuit
Distribution
Panel
To Load
10 AWG THW Copper
Bus and Busway Protection

The short-circuit ratings of busways are established on the basis of
minimum three-cycle duration tests, these ratings will not apply unless
the protective device will remove the fault within three cycles or less.
If a busway has been listed or labeled for a maximum short-circuit
current with a specific overcurrent device, it cannot be used
where greater fault currents are available without violating the
listing or labeling.
If a busway has been listed or labeled for a maximum short-circuit
current without a specific overcurrent device (i.e., for three cycles),
current-limiting fuses can be used to reduce the available short-circuit
current to within the withstand rating of the busway.
Per NEMA Publication No. BU1-1999 - Busways may be used on
circuits having available short-circuit currents greater than the three
cycle rating of the busway rating when properly coordinated with
current-limiting devices. Refer to the figures below for an analysis
of the short-circuit current rating requirements for the 800 ampere
plug-in bus depending upon the overcurrent device selected.
The 800 Ampere plug-in bus could be subjected to 65,000 amperes
at its line side; however, the KRP-C-800SP LOW-PEAK R time-delay
fuses would limit this available current. When protected by KRPC800SP
LOW-PEAKR time-delay fuses, the 800 ampere bus need
only be braced for 19,000 amperes RMS symmetrical. This would
allow a standard 22,000 ampere RMS symmetrical (3-cycle) rated
bus to be specified.
If a non-current-limiting type protective device, such as a standard
800A circuit breaker as shown below, were specified, the bracing
requirements would have to be 65,000 amperes for three cycles.
The table below shows the minimum bracing required for bus
structures at 480V based upon the available short-circuit current.
This is based upon the let-through current of the fuse.
This can be used to avoid the need and added cost of higher bracing
requirements for equipment.
Minimum Bracing Required for Bus Structures at 480V.
(Amperes RMS Symmetrical)
Rating*
Busway Fuse Available Short-Circuit Amperes RMS Sym.
25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 200,000
100 100 3,400 4,200 4,800 5,200 6,500
225 225 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 12,000
400 400 9,200 11,00 13,000 14,000 17,000
600 600 12,000 15,000 17,000 19,000 24,000
601 601 11,000 14,500 17,000 18,000 24,000

800 800 14,200 17,500 20,000 23,000 29,000
1200 1200 16,000 22,500 26,000 28,000 39,000
1600 1600 22,500 28,500 33,000 36,000 46,000
2000 2000 25,000 32,000 37,000 40,000 52,000
3000 3000 25,000 43,000 50,000 58,000 73,000
4000 4000 25,000 48,000 58,000 68,000 94,000
*Fuses are: 100-600 AmpereLOW-PEAKR YELLOW Dual-Element FusesLPS-RK_SP
(Class RK1) or LPJ_SP (Class J); 800-4000 AmpereLOW-PEAKR YELLOW
Time-Delay FusesKRP-C_SP (Class L). (LOW-PEAKR YELLOW fuses are
current-limiting fuses.)
KRP-C-800SP 800 Amp LOW-PEAKR

Time-Delay Fuses
Motor Circuit Protection

The branch circuit protective device size cannot exceed the
maximum rating per NEC 430.52 or the rating shown on equipment
labels or controller manufacturers tables. NEC 430.53 for group
motor installations and 430.54 for multi-motor and combination-load
equipment also require the rating of the branch circuit protective
device to not exceed the rating marked on the equipment.
In no case can the manufacturers specified rating be exceeded.
This would constitute a violation of NEC 110.3(B). When the label,
table, etc. is marked with a Maximum Fuse Ampere Rating rather
than marked with a Maximum Overcurrent Device this then means
only fuses can be used for the branch circuit protective device.
There are several independent organizations engaged in regular
testing of motor controllers under short-circuit conditions. One
of these, Underwriters Laboratories, tests controllers rated one
horsepower or less and 300 volts or less with 1000 amperes
short-circuit current available to the controller test circuit. Controllers
rated 50HP or less are tested with 5000 amperes available and controllers
rated above 50HP to 200HP are tested with 10,000 amperes
available. See the table below for these values (based upon UL 508).
Motor Controller Test Short-Circuit
HP Rating Current Available
1 HP or less and 300V or less 1,000A
50HP or less 5,000A
Greater than 50HP to 200HP 10,000A
201HP to 400HP 18,000A
401HP to 600HP 30,000A
601HP to 900HP 42,000A
901HP to 1600HP 85,000A
It should be noted that these are basic short-circuit requirements.
Even at these minimum levels, controller components are allowed
to be permanently damaged, or destroyed, requiring replacement
before the motor circuit can be safely reenergized. Higher
combination ratings are attainable, but even more significant,
permanent damage is allowed.
Compliance with the UL 508 standard allows deformation of the
enclosure, but the door must not be blown open and it must be
possible to open the door after the test. In addition, the enclosure
must not become energized and discharge of parts from the
enclosure is not permitted. In the standard short-circuit tests, the
contacts must not disintegrate, but welding of the contacts is
considered acceptable. Tests allow the overload relay to be damaged
with burnout of the current element completely acceptable. For
short-circuit ratings in excess of the standard levels listed in UL 508,
the damage allowed is even more severe. Welding or complete
disintegration of contacts is acceptable and complete burnout of the
overload relay is allowed. Therefore, a user cannot be certain that the
motor starter will not be damaged just because it has been UL Listed
for use with a specific branch circuit protective device.
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Protection
Coordinated protection of the branch circuit protective device and the
motor starter is necessary to insure that there will be no permanent
damage or danger to either the starter or the surrounding equipment.
There is an Outline of Investigation, (UL508E) and an IEC
(International Electrotechnical Commission) Standard, IEC
Publication 60947, Low Voltage Switchgear and Control, Part 4-1:

Contactors and Motor Starters, that offer guidance in evaluating the
level of damage likely to occur during a short-circuit with various
branch-circuit protective devices. These standards define two levels
of protection (coordination) for the motor starter:
Type 1. Considerable damage to
the contactor and overload relay is
acceptable. Replacement of components
or a completely new starter may
be needed. There must be no discharge
of parts beyond the enclosure. In
addition, the enclosure must not
become energized and discharge of
parts from the enclosure is not
permitted. See figure to right.
Type 2. No damage is allowed to either the contactor or overload
relay. Light contact welding is allowed, but must be easily separable.
Manufacturers have verified most of their NEMA and IEC motor
controllers to meet the Type 2 requirements as outlined in UL508E or
IEC 60947-4-1. Only extremely current-limiting devices have been
able to provide the current-limitation necessary to provide verified
Type 2 protection. In most cases, Class J, Class RK1, or Class CC
fuses are required to provide Type 2 protection. To achieve Type 2
protection, use motor starters that are investigated to UL508E Type
2 with the type and size of fuse recommended.
Type 2 no damage protection tables by controller manufacturers part
numbers with verified fuse protection located on www.bussmann.com
8RY461M3-A
230
230
37
60
207
--
60
60
140
Typical Nameplate of a Central Air Conditioning Unit.

LISTED SECTION OF CENTRAL COOLING AIR CONDITIONER
ADME
812H
COMPRESSOR
FAN MOTOR
MINIMUM CIRCUIT AMPACITY
MAXIMUM FUSE SIZE AMPS
MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE
FACTORY CHARGED WITH REFRIGERATOR
SEE CONTROL PANEL COVER FOR A
OF SYSTEM REFRIGERANT
*COMPRESSOR RATED IN RLA
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
VAC PH CYC LRA
FOR OUTDOOR USE
UL
TYPE NO.
Series Ratings
Most electrical distribution systems are fully rated as required by
NECR 110.9. A fully rated system is a system where every
overcurrent protective device has an interrupting rating equal to or
greater than the available fault. Fully rated systems are typically
preferred and recommended, but electrical distribution systems are
permitted to incorporate series ratings, provided all the requirements
of NECR 240.86 and 110.22 are met. However, the actual application
of series ratings is typically limited.
Series rating is a combination of circuit breakers, or fuses and circuit
breakers, that can be applied at available short-circuit levels above
the interrupting rating of the load side circuit breakers, but not above
that of the main or line-side device. Series ratings can consist of
fuses protecting circuit breakers, or circuit breakers protecting
circuit breakers.
Series Rating Circuit Breakers. In the example below, the 20A, 10,000A
interrupting rating circuit breaker has been tested, for a series
combination interrupting rating of 65,000A when protected by the
upstream 200A, 65,000A interrupting rating circuit breaker. The circuit
breaker types for this series combination rating would have to be
verified by the evidence of the panelboard or switchboard marking
as required by NECR 240.86(A).
Series Rating Fuse and Circuit Breakers. In the example below, a 20A,
10,000A interrupting rating circuit breaker has been tested, for a
series combination interrupting rating of 200,000A when protected by
the upstream Class J fuse. The fuse and circuit breaker types for this
series combination rating would have to be verified by the evidence of
the panelboard or switchboard marking as required by NEC R
240.86(A).
While there is only one advantage to utilizing a series combination
ratinglower installed cost, several special requirements or
limitations exist and are discussed below.
Special Requirements
For Applying a Series Combination Rating
Special requirements and limitations must be considered for the
application of a series combination rating, which include:
- Motor contribution limitation
- Manufacturer labeling requirements
- Field labeling requirements
- Lack of coordination limitation
- Proper selection of series combination ratings
Motor Contribution Limitation
The first critical requirement limits the application of a series
combination rating where motors are connected between the line-side
(protecting) device and the load-side (protected) circuit breaker.
NECR 240.86(B) requires that series ratings shall not be used where
the sum of motor full load currents exceeds 1% of the interrupting
rating of the load-side (protected) circuit breaker.
The example to the right shows a violation of 240.86(B) due to motor
contributions. Since the motor load exceeds 1% of the load-side
circuit breaker (10,000 X 0.01 = 100A), this series rated combination
cannot be applied.
Series Ratings
Manufacturer Labeling Requirement

NECR 240.86(A) requires that, when series ratings are used, the
switchboards, panelboards, and loadcenters must be marked with the
series combination interrupting rating for specific devices utilized in
the equipment.
Because there is often not enough room in the equipment to show
all of the legitimate series combination ratings, UL 67 (Panelboards)
allows for a bulletin to be referenced and supplied with the panelboard
(see the example shown to the right). These bulletins or
manuals typically provide all of the acceptable series combination
ratings. The difficulty is that these bulletins often get misplaced.
Because of this, some manufacturers add additional labels with
information on how to get replacement manuals (see the example
shown below).
Field Labeling Requirement
NECR 110.22 requires that where overcurrent protective devices are
applied with a series combination rating in accordance with the
manufacturers equipment marking, an additional label must be added
in the field. This label must indicate the equipment has been applied
with a series combination rating and identify specific replacement
overcurrent devices required to be utilized.
The figure below shows an example of the field labeling required
by NECR 110.22. The equipment for both devices of the series
combination rating is marked as shown in the figure to assure the
series combination rating is maintained during the replacement of
devices.
Lack of Coordination Limitation
One of the biggest disadvantages with the application of series

combination ratings is that, by definition, the line side device must
open in order to protect the load side circuit breaker. With the line
side device opening, all other loads will experience an
unnecessary power loss.
The example above shows a lack of selective coordination inherent to
series combination rating applications. This lack of coordination can
cause unnecessary power loss to unfaulted loads and adversely
affect system continuity.
Because of the inherent lack of coordination, the application of series
combination ratings are best avoided in service entrance switchboards
(main and feeders), distribution panels, as well as any critical
or emergency distribution panels or any other application where
coordination is required.
Proper Selection of Series Combination Ratings
If the application utilizes a series combination rating, refer to the
manufacturers literature for panelboards, load centers, and
switchboards which have been tested, listed and marked with the
appropriate series combination ratings. During this process, one will
most likely notice that series combination ratings with upstream
devices above 400A are very limited. Because of this, series rating
in switchboards or higher ampacity distribution panelboards (above
400A) may not be available. For this reason, as well as continuity of
service, most series rated applications are best suited for lighting
panels (400A or less).
For a table containing fuse/circuit breaker series combination ratings,
see the BussmannR SPD Catalog or go on-line at
www.bussmann.com (under Application Info, Series Ratings).
Selective Coordination
Selective coordination is often referred to simply as coordination.

Coordination is defined in NECR 240.2 as: The proper localization
of a fault condition to restrict outages to the equipment affected,
accomplished by the choice of selective fault-protective devices.
It is important to note that the type of overcurrent protective device
selected often determines if a system is selectively coordinated.
The figure below shows the difference between a system without
selective coordination and a system with selective coordination.
The figure on the left shows a system without selective coordination.
In this system, unnecessary power loss to unaffected loads can occur,
since the device nearest the fault cannot clear the fault before
devices upstream open. The system on the right shows a selectively
coordinated system. Here, the fault is cleared by the overcurrent
device nearest the fault before any other upstream devices open,
and unnecessary power loss to unaffected loads is avoided.
Selective Coordination NEC
The NECR discusses selective coordination in 240.12 and states:
Where an orderly shutdown is required to minimize the hazard(s) to
personnel and equipment, a system of coordination based on the
following two conditions shall be permitted:
1) Coordinated short-circuit protection
2) Overload indication based on monitoring system or devices.
FPN: The monitoring system may cause the condition to go to alarm,
allowing corrective action or an orderly shutdown, thereby minimizing
personnel hazards and equipment damage.
In addition, coordination is specifically required in health care facilities
(per NECR 517.17) and multiple elevator circuits (per NECR 620.62).
Good design practice considers continuity of service, cost of downtime,
lost worker productivity, and safety of building occupants.
Methods of Performing a Coordination Study
Two methods are most often used to perform a coordination study:
1. Overlays of time-current curves, which utilize a light table and
manufacturers published data.
2. Computer programs that utilize a PC and allow the designer to
select time-current curves published by manufacturers.
Regardless of which method is used, a thorough understanding of
time-current characteristic curves of overcurrent protective devices
is essential to provide a selectively coordinated system. For

fuse systems, verification of selective coordination is quick and
easy, merely adhere to fuse ampere rating ratios as indicated by
the manufacturer.
It should be noted that the study of time-current curves indicates
performance during overload and low-level fault conditions. The
performance of overcurrent devices that operate under medium to
high level fault conditions are not reflected on standard time-current
curves. Other engineering methods must be utilized.
Selective Coordination Circuit Breakers

The curve to the right shows a 90 ampere circuit breaker and an
upstream 400 ampere circuit breaker with an instantaneous trip
setting of 5 (5 times 400A = 2000A).
The minimum instantaneous unlatching current for the 400A circuit
breaker could be as low as 2000A times .75 = 1500A (} 25% band).
If a fault above 1500 amperes occurs on the load side of the 90
ampere breaker, both breakers could open. The 90 ampere breaker
generally unlatches before the 400 ampere breaker. However, before
the 90 ampere breaker can clear the fault current, the 400 ampere
breaker could have unlatched and started to open as well. The
example below illustrates this point.
Assume a 4000 ampere short-circuit exists on the load side of the 90
ampere circuit breaker. The sequence of events would be as follows:
1. The 90 ampere breaker unlatches (Point A).
2. The 400 ampere breaker unlatches (Point B). Once a breaker
unlatches, it will open. At the unlatching point, the process is
irreversible.
3. At Point C, the 90 ampere breaker will have completely
interrupted the fault current.
4. At Point D, the 400 ampere breaker also will have completely
opened.
Consequently, this is a non-selective system, causing a blackout to the
other loads protected by the 400A breaker.
This is typical for molded case circuit breakers due to the
instantaneous trip and wide band of operation on medium to high
fault conditions. In addition, this can affect other upstream molded
case circuit breakers depending upon the size and the instantaneous
setting of the circuit breakers upstream and the magnitude of the
fault current.
Circuit Breakers with Short-Time-Delay
and Instantaneous Override
Some electronic trip molded case circuit breakers and most insulated
case circuit breakers (ICCB) offer short-time delay (STD). This allows the
circuit breaker the ability to delay tripping for a period of time, typically 6
to 30 cycles. However, with electronic trip molded case circuit breakers
and insulated case circuit breakers, a built-in instantaneous override
mechanism is present. This is called the instantaneous override function,
and will override the STD for medium to high level faults. The instantaneous
override setting for these devices is typically 8 to 12 times the
rating of the circuit breaker and will kick in for faults equal to or greater
than the override setting. Because of this instantaneous override,
non-selective tripping can exist, similar to molded case circuit breakers
and insulated case circuit breakers without short-time delay. Thus,
while short-time delay in molded case and insulated case circuit
breakers can improve coordination in the overload and low level fault
regions, it may not be able to assure coordination for medium and
high level fault conditions.
Low Voltage Power Circuit Breakers (LVPCB)
with Short-Time Delay
Short-time-delay, with settings from 6 to 30 cycles, is also available
on low voltage power circuit breakers. However, with low voltage
power circuit breakers an instantaneous override is not required.
Thus, low voltage power circuit breakers with short-time delay can
hold into faults for up to 30 cycles. This allows the downstream
device to open the fault before the upstream low voltage power circuit
breaker opens. However, if the fault is between the downstream
device and the low voltage power circuit breaker, the electrical equipment
can be
subjected to unnecessarily high mechanical and thermal stress.
80
TIME IN SECONDS
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1,500A
A
C
D
B
30,000A
I.R.
14,000A
I.R.
90Amp
Circuit Breaker
400Amp Circuit Breaker
I.T. = 5X
400A
90A
4000A
4,000A
1000
600
400
300
200
100
60
40
30
20
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
.8
.6
.4
.3
.2
.1
.08
.04
.06
.03
.02
.01
800
.008
.004
.006
.003
.002
.001
30
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
300
400
600
800
1000
2000
3000
6000
8000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Selective Coordination - Fuses

The figure to the right illustrates the time-current characteristic curves
for two sizes of time-delay, dual-element fuses in series, as depicted
in the one-line diagram. The horizontal axis of the graph represents
the RMS symmetrical current in amperes. The vertical axis represents
the time, in seconds.
For example: Assume an available fault current level of 1000 amperes
RMS symmetrical on the load side of the 100 ampere fuse. To
determine the time it would take this fault current to open the two
fuses, first find 1000 amperes on the horizontal axis (Point A), follow
the dotted line vertically to the intersection of the total clear curve of
the 100 ampere time-delay dual-element fuse (Point B) and the
minimum melt curve of the 400 ampere time-delay dual-element fuse
(Point C). Then, horizontally from both intersection points, follow the
dotted lines to Points D and E. At 1.75 seconds, Point D represents
the maximum time the 100 ampere time-delay dual-element fuse will
take to open the 1000 ampere fault. At 88 seconds, Point E represents

the minimum time at which the 400 ampere time-delay dual-element
fuse could open this available fault current. Thus, coordination is
assured for this level of current.
The two fuse curves can be examined by the same procedure at
various current levels along the horizontal axis (for example, see
Points F and G at the 2000 ampere fault level). It can be determined
that the two fuses are coordinated, since the 100 ampere time-delay
dual-element fuse will open before the 400 ampere time-delay
dual-element fuse can melt. Notice above approximately 4,000A,
coordination can not be determined by the time-current curves.
Fuse coordination for the overload region and low fault currents can
be shown using the time-current curves. For medium and high fault
currents, the time-current curve can not be used, but as long as the
downstream fuse clears the fault before the upstream fuse begins to
open, coordination is assured.
In order to verify the coordination ability of fuses, fuse manufacturers
have developed an engineering tool to aid in the proper selection of
fuses for selective coordination. The Selectivity Ratio Guide (SRG) is
shown to the right and is based upon BussmannR fuses. Note that
for BussmannR LOW-PEAKR Fuses, a 2:1 ratio is all that is needed to
obtain selective coordination. For coordination ratios for other
manufacturers, manufacturers literature must be consulted.
Point D Point B
Point F
Point A 1000A
600
400
300
200
100
80
60
40
30
20
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
.8
.6
.4
.3
.2
.1
.08
.04
.06
.03
.02
.01
CURRENT IN AMPERES
TIME IN SECONDS
100A
400A
Minimum Melt
Total Clearing
Point G
Available
Fault
Current
Level
1000A
400A
100A
Figure 3a.
Point E Point C
100
200
300
400
600
800
1000
2000
3000
4000
6000
8000
10,000
20,000
Selectivity Ratio Guide (Line-Side to Load-Side) for Blackout Prevention

Circuit Load-Side Fuse
Current Rating 601-6000A 601-4000A 0-600A 601-6000A 0-600A 0-1200A 0-600A 0-60A
Type Time- Time- Dual-Element Fast-Acting Fast-Acting TimeDelay Delay Time-Delay Delay
Trade Name LOW-PEAKR LIMITRON LOW-PEAKR FUSETRONR LIMITRON LIMITRON T-TRONR LIMITRON SC
YELLOW YELLOW
Class (L) (L) (RK1) (J) (RK5) (L) (RK1) (T) (J) (G)
Buss KRP-C_SP KLU LPN-RKSP LPJ-SP FRN-R KTU KTN-R JJN JKS SC
Symbol LPS-RKSP FRS-R KTS-R JJS
601 to Time- LOW-PEAKR KRP-C_SP 2:1 2.5:1 2:1 2:1 4:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 N/A
6000A Delay YELLOW
(L)
601 to Time- LIMITRONR KLU 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 4:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 N/A
4000A Delay (L)
LOW-PEAKR LPN-RKSP 2:1 2:1 8:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
YELLOW
0 Dual- (RK1) LPS-RKSP
to Ele- (J) LPJ-SP 2:1 2:1 8:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A ment FUSETRONR FRN-R 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1
(RK5) FRS-R
601 to LIMITRON KTU 2:1 2.5:1 2:1 2:1 6:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 N/A
6000A (L)
0 to Fast- LIMITRON KTN-R 3:1 3:1 8:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A Acting (RK1) KTS-R
0 to T-TRON R JJN 3:1 3:1 8:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
1200A (T) JJS
0 to LIMITRON JKS 2:1 2:1 8:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A (J)
0 to Time- SC SC 3:1 3:1 4:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1
60A Delay (G)
Note: At some values of fault current, specified ratios may be lowered to permit closer fuse sizing. Plot fuse curves or consult with
BussmannR. General Notes: Ratios
given in this Table apply only to BussR fuses. When fuses are within the same case size, consult Bussmann R.
Line-Side Fuse
*
*
Maintenance and Testing Considerations

When designing electrical distribution systems, required maintenance
and testing of the overcurrent protective devices is a very important
consideration. The electrical system reliability, component and circuit
protection, and overall safety are directly related to the reliability and
performance of the overcurrent protective device and can depend
upon whether the required testing and maintenance are performed as
prescribed for the overcurrent protective device utilized. The required
maintenance and testing of the system can depend upon the type of
overcurrent protective device selected.
Circuit Breakers
Many engineers and owners view molded case circuit breaker
systems as easyjust install it, reset the devices if needed
and walk away. However, periodic testing and maintenance of
circuit breakers is extremely important to the system reliability
and protection.
NFPA 70B (1998) - Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment
Maintenance indicates that testing and maintenance of molded case
circuit breakers should be completed every 6 months to 3 years,
depending upon the conditions of use. This includes typical
maintenance such as tightening of connections, checking for signs
of overheating, and checking for any structural defects or cracks.
Manual operation of the circuit breaker is typically recommended to
be completed once per year. Testing of molded case circuit breakers
to assure proper overcurrent protection and operation is also
recommended during this period. This includes removing the circuit
breaker and verifying the protection and operation for overloads
(typically 300%) with the manufacturers overcurrent trip data.
Additional molded case circuit breaker testing of insulation resistance,
individual pole resistance, rated hold-in, and instantaneous operation
are recommended by NEMA and may require special testing
equipment.
It is important to realize that if a deficiency is discovered during
testing and maintenance, the only solution is to replace a molded
case circuit breaker because adjustments or repairs cannot be
made to this type of device. In addition, replacement is typically
recommended after the molded case circuit breaker has interrupted a
short-circuit current near its marked interrupted rating. This process
results in additional expenses and may involve delays in finding a
replacement device.
Per NFPA 70B, testing and maintenance of low-voltage power circuit
breakers is even more expansive and can be required after tripping
on an overcurrent condition. It is important to realize that the
maintenance and testing of these devices can only be completed by
a qualified person. Often special testing companies are used for this
purpose or the device must be sent back to the manufacturer,
requiring spare devices during this period.
The question is, how often is this completed? In commercial
installations, the answer is probably never. This lack of maintenance

and testing can adversely affect the reliability and protection
capabilities during overcurrent conditions in the electrical
distribution system.
Fuses
NFPA 70B recommends checking fuse continuity during scheduled
maintenance, but testing to assure proper operation and protection
against overcurrent conditions is not required. Fusible switches and
fuse blocks require maintenance, such as tightening of connections
and checking for signs of overheating as recommended per NFPA 70B.
Resetting Overcurrent Protective Devices.
As mentioned previously, circuit breakers are sometimes selected
over fuses because circuit breakers can be reset where fuses have to
be replaced. The most time consuming activity that results from the
operation of the overcurrent protective device is typically investigating
the cause of the overcurrent condition. A known overload condition is
the only situation that permits the immediate resetting or replacement
of overcurrent protective devices per OSHA. If the cause for the
operation of an overcurrent protective device is not known, the cause
must be investigated. Thus, having a device that can be easily reset,
such as a circuit breaker, possibly into a fault condition, could be a
safety hazard and a violation of OSHA regulations. Because a fuse
requires replacement by a qualified person, it is less likely to violate
OSHA. Also, when an opened fuse is replaced with a new fuse in the
circuit, the circuit is protected by a new factory calibrated device.
Generally, overload conditions occur on branch-circuit devices.
Typically this is on lighting and appliance circuits feed from circuit
breaker panelboards, where resetting of circuit breakers may be
possible. Motor circuits also are subject to overload considerations.
However, typically the device that operates is the overload relay,
which can be easily reset after an overload situation. The motor
branch-circuit device (fuse or circuit breaker) operates, as indicated
in NECR 430.52, for protection of short-circuits and ground-fault
conditions. Thus, if this device opens, it should not be reset or
replaced without investigating the circuit since it most likely was a
short-circuit condition. Overcurrent conditions in feeders and mains
are typically the result of short-circuits and are infrequent. Because
they are most likely short-circuits, the circuit should be investigated
first before resetting or replacing as well. Also, if a feeder or main is
protected by a circuit breaker that has opened, the circuit breaker
should be examined and tested to be sure it is suitable to be placed
back in service.
Grounding & Bonding of Service

Equipment
Equipment
Grounding
Conductor
Material: NECR 250.118
Install: NECR 250.120
Size: NECR 250.122 and
Table 250.122
Note: May require larger
equipment grounding
conductor than shown in
Table 250.122 or current
limiting protection device
to protect EGC.
IMPORTANT:
Effective Bonding and Grounding
Required:
NECR 250.4
NECR 250.90
NECR 250.96(A)
Must have capacity to conduct safely any fault
current likely to be imposed on it.

MAIN DISTRIBUTION PANEL
Supplemental
Ground
(If Required)
NECR 250.52(A)
Grounding
Electrode
System
NECR 250.50
NECR 250.52(A)
(1) Metal Underground Water Pipe
(2) Metal Frame of Building Steel or Structure
(3) Concrete Encased Electrode
(4) Ground Ring
(5) Rod and Pipe Electrodes
(6) Plate Electrodes
(7) Other Local Metal Underground System or Structure
Bonding
Why? NECR 250.90
What? NECR 250.92(A)
How? NECR 250.92(B)
Material: NECR 250.102(A)
Size: NECR 250.102(C)
Performance Criteria: NECR 250.4
Ungrounded Phase
Service Entrance
Conductors to Pad
Mount Transformer
Equipment Grounding Terminal
Bar: NECR 250.24(A)(4)
(connected to enclosure)
Non-Metallic Conduit METER
BASE
NEUTRAL
800/800
KRP-C
Neutral (Grounded) Conductor

Size: NECR 230.42, 220.22
When Serving As An Effective
Ground Fault Current Path:
What? NECR 250.24(A)
Size: NECR 250.24(B), 250.66
Performance Criteria: NECR 250.4
Definition of Effective Ground Fault
Path: NECR Article 100
Neutral Disconnecting Means: NECR 230.75
Main Bonding Jumper: NECR 250.24(A)(4), 250.28, 250.96
Material: NECR 250.28(A)
Size: NECR 250.28(D)
Connect: NECR 250.28(C)
Grounding Electrode Conductor

Size: NECR 250.66
Material: NECR 250.62
Install: NECR 250.64
Metal Enclosure: NECR 250.64(E)
What: NECR 250.24(A)
Connection to Electrode
NECR 250.68, 8, 70
Bonding of Piping system and
Structural Steel
NECR 250.104(A) Metal Water
Piping, 250.104(B) Other Metal
Piping, or 250.104(C) Structural Steel
(Not Effectively Grounded)
Grounded Neutral Service
Entrance Conductors to Pad
Mount Transformer
Form available on www.bussmann.com
Inspection Form: Series Rated

Combination
1. Short-Circuit Currents
Is the interrupting rating of the line side fuse or circuit breaker greater than the
available short-circuit current (X1) at its lineside (110.9)
Is the series combination interrupting rating greater than the available short-circuit
current (X2) at the load side circuit breaker (permitted per 240.86)?
2. Manufacturers Label
Are both devices in use for the series rated combination marked on the end use
equipment in which the load side circuit breaker is installed (or contained in a
booklet affixed to the equipment) as required in 240.86(A)?
3. Field Installed Label
Are field labels, as required by 110.22, that indicate CAUTION Series Rated
Combination, along with the required replacement parts, panel designations, and
series combination interrupting rating, installed on all end use equipment that
contain the series combination rating devices?
4. Motor Contribution
If motors are connected between the series rated devices, is the combined full load
current from these motors less than 1% of the downstream circuit breakers
interrupting rating (individual or stand alone interrupting rating) per 240.86(B)?
5. Selective Coordination
Is this series rated combination being installed in something other than a health care
facility (see NECR 517.17)?
Elevator circuits only: Is this series rated combination being installed on an elevator
circuit with only one elevator in the building (see NEC R 620.62)?
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
q YES q NO
Line Side Panel Designation (If applicable)
Line Side Overcurrent Protective Device Part Number
Line Side Overcurrent Protective Device Interrupting Rating
X1 Available Short Circuit Current at Line side OCP Device
Load Side Panel Designation
Load Side Circuit Breaker Part Number
Load Side Circuit Breaker Individual Interrupting Rating
Series Combination Interrupting Rating
X2 Available Short Circuit Current at Load side Circuit Breaker
AN ANSWER OF NO TO ANY OF THESE QUESTIONS MAY INDICATE A LACK OF COMPLIANCE.
LACK OF SUBMITTAL IS CONSIDERED AS EVIDENCE OF LACK OF COMPLIANCE.
ISSUED BY:
This form provides documentation to assure compliance with the following National Electrical
CodeR, NFPA 70, sections
on the use of Series Rated Combinations: 110.9, 110.22 & 240.86
Compliance Checklist
(For further information see discussion on reverse side for each item)
JOB #
NAME:
LOCATION:
CONTRACTOR:
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION:
Data Log InForm

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL INSPECTION
CITY OF
Date
Permit
Electrical Contractor
Street Address
City State Zip
The following information is requested to determine that the electrical equipment to be

installed at:
Name of occupant or owner
is in compliance with the National Electrical Code as it relates to available short-circuit

currents and interrupting ratings, component protection and selective coordination.
See NEC: 110.3(B), 110.9, 110.10, Article 210, Article 215, Article 230, Article 240,
Article 250, Article 310, Article 404, Article 408, Article 430, Article 450 and 620.62.
This form is to be completed and returned to the Department of Electrical Inspection
for approval prior to installation. THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS TO BE SUPPLIED
BY THE ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE PARTY:
TRANSFORMER KVA IMPEDANCE % SECONDARY VOLTAGE
PHASE 3 OR 4 WIRE LENGTH OF SERVICE CONDUCTORS
SIZE & NUMBER OF SERVICE CONDUCTORS PER PHASE
TYPE OF CONDUCTORS: COPPER n ALUMINUM n CONDUIT SIZE STEEL n NON-MAGNETIC n
TYPE, SIZE, AND INTERRUPTING RATING OF OVERCURRENT DEVICES IN SERVICE DISCONNECT
(MAIN DISTRIBUTION PANEL)
SIZE OF GROUNDING ELECTRODE CONDUCTOR BRACING OF SERVICE EQUIPMENT
(page 1 of 2)
Data Log InForm

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Location
Of
Short-Circuit Current
AT TRANSFORMER
SECONDARY TERMINALS
AT LINE SIDE OF MAIN
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
AT PANEL LPA
AT PANEL LPC
AT PANEL LPB
AT DISCONNECT AC-1
AT DISCONNECT AC-2
AT EMERGENCY PANEL
AT FLUOR. FIXTURE
AT COMBINATION MOTOR CONT.
Ampere
Rating
Interrupting
Rating (IR)
Short-Circuit
Current Rating
(SCCR)
If SCCR is below
short-circuit
current, must prove
protection
ShortCircuit
Current
Overcurrent Device Equipment Rating (If Required)
Use back of form or attach separate sheet for data on additional panels.
Use back of form or attach separate sheet to show one-line diagram of service, feeders, and all related panels.
Attach series rated charts for protection of circuit breakers and let-through charts for protection of passive
components.
All current values in RMS unless otherwise noted.
The undersigned accepts full responsibility for the values given herein.
SIGNED DATE
PHONE WHERE YOU CAN BE REACHED
Page 2 of 2
I
T
E
M
Cooper Bussmann Products And

Technical Support Delivered Worldwide
Customer Assistance
Customer Satisfaction Team
The Cooper Bussmann Customer Satisfaction Team is
available to answers questions regarding Cooper
Bussmann products and services. Calls should be made
between 8:00 a.m. 4:30 p.m. Central Time
for all US time zones.
The Customer Satisfaction Team can be reached via:
Phone: 636-527-3877
Toll-free fax: 800-544-2570
E-mail: [email protected]
Emergency and After-Hours Orders
To accommodate time-critical needs, Cooper Bussmann
offers emergency and after-hours service for next flight
out or will call. Customers pay only standard price for
the circuit protection device, rush freight charges and a
modest emergency fee for this service. Emergency and
after-hours orders should be placed through the
Customer Satisfaction Team. Call:
8:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Central Time 636-527-3877
After hours 314-995-1342
Application Engineering
Application Engineering assistance is available to all
customers. The Application Engineering team is staffed
by degreed electrical engineers and available by phone
with technical and application support Monday Friday,
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m. Central Time.
Application Engineering can be reached via phone, fax
or email:
Phone: 636-527-1270
E-mail: [email protected]
Online Resources
Visit www.cooperbussmann.com for the following
services:
Product cross reference
Arc-flash calculator
SCCR calculator
Training modules
Your Authorized Cooper Bussmann Distributor is:
c2005 Cooper Bussmann St. Louis, MO 63178
636-394-2877 www.cooperbussmann.com
Printed in USA Reorder #3015 1-06-70M

Electrical Plan Review

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrical Plan Review

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrical Plan Review

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrical Plan Review

Overcurrent Protection and Devices, Short-Circuit Calculations,

Part II: Short-Circuit Calculation

Point-To-Point Method of Short-Circuit Calculation Formulas and Example 9

Part III: Short-Circuit Calculation Problem and Worksheets

Part IV: Component Protection

NECR 110.10, Current Limitation, and Devices 17

Part V: Selective Coordination

Part VI: Miscellaneous

Maintenance and Testing Considerations 31

HOW MUCH CURRENT WILL FLOW?

Training / education presentations are available under Services/On-Line Training. A specific

On-Line Training & Education

Data Log In Letter

COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC):

Important NEC Requirements

fuseholders. This includes the requirements for 300V type fuses,

Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings

protective device is a function of its capability to open a circuit under

the interrupting rating of the overcurrent protective device, the device

Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings

Short-Circuit Currents and Interrupting

Normal Current Operation

c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc. 9

Point-To-Point Method Of Short-Circuit

Calculation Of Short-Circuit Currents

46,273 x .852 = 39,425A

** ISCA (L-L-L) = 833 X 55.55 = 46,273

20', (2) 4-500 kcmil CU

39,425 x .474 = 18,687A

3-Phase Short-Circuit Current at Fault #2

point. See Notes 1 and 4.

Point-To-Point Method Of Short-Circuit

Calculation Of Short-Circuit Currents

Procedure For Second Transformer in System

Table 2. C Values for Conductors

Point-To-Point Method Of Short-Circuit

Table 5. Short-Circuit Currents Available from Various Size Transformers

Work Sheet Problem Main Distribution

3 - 8 AWG THHN, 3/4" C.- 4 Feet

Short-Circuit Calculations Worksheet

SCA with voltage variance and motor contribution =

SCA with voltage variance =

Short-Circuit Calculations Worksheet

Short-Circuit Calculations Worksheet

SCA with voltage variance =

NEC 110.10, Current Limitation, and

The degree of current-limitation can be determined from the

Let-through charts and tables for BussmannR KRP-C, LPJ, LPN-RK,

18 c 2005 Cooper Bussman, Inc.

IRMS Available = 86,000 Amps

LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class L Time-Delay Fuses

LOW-PEAK YELLOW Class J, Dual-Element Time-Delay

INSTANTANEOUS PEAK LET-THROUGH CURRENT IN AMPERES

PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT - SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPERES

LPJ_SP Fuse RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)

PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT - SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPERES

LPN-RK_SP RMS Let-Through Currents (kA)

C.C. IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS IRMS

PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT - SYMMETRICAL RMS AMPERES