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Maths PMR Form 3 Notes

This document provides notes and formulae for PMR Mathematics. It includes the following key points: 1. Solid geometry formulas for area and volume of spheres, pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones, and cubes. 2. Circle theorems including relationships between angles, arcs, sectors, tangents, and chords. 3. Properties of regular polygons including formulas for interior and exterior angles. 4. Algebraic skills like factorizing, expanding expressions, laws of indices, and solving linear equations. 5. Trigonometric ratios, graphs of functions, and statistical measures like mean, median, and mode. 6. Geometrical constructions, scale drawings

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Michael Lopez
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1K views4 pages

Maths PMR Form 3 Notes

This document provides notes and formulae for PMR Mathematics. It includes the following key points: 1. Solid geometry formulas for area and volume of spheres, pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones, and cubes. 2. Circle theorems including relationships between angles, arcs, sectors, tangents, and chords. 3. Properties of regular polygons including formulas for interior and exterior angles. 4. Algebraic skills like factorizing, expanding expressions, laws of indices, and solving linear equations. 5. Trigonometric ratios, graphs of functions, and statistical measures like mean, median, and mode. 6. Geometrical constructions, scale drawings

Uploaded by

Michael Lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NOTES AND FORMULAE

PMR MATHEMATICS
1.

SOLID GEOMETRY
(a) Area and perimeter

Sphere
Triangle
base height

A=
=

Pyramid

bh
V=

Trapezium

V = Area of cross section


length

(a + b) h
2.

Circle
Area = r2
Circumference = 2r

CIRCLE THEOREM
Angle at the centre
= 2 angle at the
circumference
x = 2y

Sector
Area of sector =
r2
Length of arc =

base area
height

Prism

A = (sum of two
parallel sides) height
=

r3

V=

Angles in the same


segment are equal
x=y

2r
Cylinder
Curve surface area
= 2rh

Angle in a
semicircle
ACB = 90o

Sphere
Curve surface area =
4r2
(b)

Solid and Volume


Cube:

a + b = 180o

V = x x x = x3

Cuboid:
V=lbh
= lbh
Cylinder
V = r2h

Cone
V=

Note prepared by Mr. Sim KY

Sum of opposite
angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral = 180o

r2h

The exterior angle


of a cyclic
quadrilateral is
equal to the interior
opposite angle.
b=a
Angle between a
tangent and a radius
= 90o
OPQ = 90o
The angle between a
tangent and a chord
is equal to the angle
in the alternate
segment.
x=y

If PT and PS are
tangents to a circle,
PT = PS
TPO = SPO
TOP = SOP

3.
(a)

POLYGON
The sum of the interior angles of a n sided polygon
= (n 2) 180o

(b)

Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360o

(c)
(d)

Each exterior angle of a regular n sided polygon =


Regular pentagon

(b)

xm xn = xm n

(c)

(xm)n = x m n

(d)

x-n =

(e)

(f)
(g)

x0 = 1

7.

ALGEBRAIC FRACTION
Express
Solution:

Each exterior angle = 72o


Each interior angle = 108o
(e)

Regular hexagon

as a fraction in its simplest form.

=
8.

LINEAR EQUATION
Given that
Solution:

(3n + 2) = n 2, calculate the value of n.

Each exterior angle = 60o


Each interior angle = 120o
(f)

(3n + 2) = n 2

Regular octagon
5
(3n + 2) = 5(n 2)
3n + 2 = 5n 10
2 + 10 = 5n 3n
2n = 12
9.
Each exterior angle = 45o
Each interior angle = 135o

4.

FACTORISATION

(a)

xy + xz = x(y + z)

(b)

x2 y2 = (x y)(x + y)

(c)

xy + xz + ay + az
= x (y + z) + a (y + z)
= (y + z)(x + a)

(d)

x2 + 4x + 3
= (x + 3)(x + 1)

5.

EXPANSION OF ALGERBRAIC EXPRESSIONS


(a)

(c)
6.
(a)

(x + 3)2 = x2 + 2 3 x + 32
= x2 + 6x + 9
(x y)(x + y) = x2 + xy xy y2 = x2 y2

LAW OF INDICES
xm x n = xm + n

Note prepared by Mr. Sim KY

SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS


(a)

Substitution Method:
y = 2x 5 --------(1)
2x + y = 7 --------(2)
Substitute (1) into (2)
2x + 2x 5 = 7
4x = 12
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into (1),
y=65=1
(b) Elimination Method:
Solve:
3x + 2y = 5 ----------(1)
x 2y = 7 ----------(2)
(1) + (2), 4x
= 12,
x=3
Substitute into (1)
9 + 2y = 5
2y = 5 9 = 4
y = 2
10.

2x2 6x + x 3 = 2x2 5x 3
(b)

n=6

ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE
Given that k (m + 2) = 3m, express m in terms of k.
Solution:
k (m + 2) = 3m
k m 2 = 3m
k 2 = 3m + m = 4m
m=

11.

LINEAR INEQUALITIES
1.
Solve the linear inequality 3x 2 > 10.
Solution:
3x 2 > 10
3x > 10 + 2

C
2.

3.

3x > 12
x>4
List all integer values of x which satisfy the linear
inequality 1 x + 2 < 4
Solution:
1x+2<4
opposite
Subtract 2,
1 2 x + 2 2 < 4 2 side
B
A
1 x < 2
x = 1, 0, 1
Solve the simultaneous linear inequalities

A pie chart
showing the favourite drinks of a group of students.
hypotenuse
13.

4p 3 p and p + 2
p
Solution:
4p 3 p
4p p 3
p1

12.

p+2
p
2, 2p + 4 p
2p p 4
p 4
The solution is 4 p 1.
STATISTICS
Mean =

TOA SOH
CAH

3p 3

2.

sin

30

45

cos =

60
14.

cos

y=x

Quadratic function.

Mean =
Mode = 3
Median = 4
4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, there is no middle number, the median is
the mean of the two middle numbers.

(iii)

Cubic function.
y = x3

y = x3

Median =
=7
A pictograph uses symbols to represent a set of data. Each
symbol is used to represent certain frequency of the data.
January
February

(iv)

Reciprocal

y=
O

15.

A bar chart uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent a set


of data. The length or the height of each bar represents the
frequency of each data.

GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

A pie chart uses the sectors of a circle to represent the


frequency/quantitiy of data.

16. SCALE DRAWINGS


Scale of a drawing =
Note prepared by Mr. Sim KY

y = x2

y = x2

Represents 50 books

4.

GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS
(i) Linear function. y = x

March

3.

tan =

sin =

Mean =
tan
, when the data has frequency.
Mode is the data with the highest frequency
Median is the middle data which is arranged in
ascending/descending order.
1.
3, 3, 4, 6, 8

2.

TRIGONOMETRY

y=

17.p LINES AND ANGLES


q
x
p=q

y
a
bx = y

x + y = 180o

19.

TRANSFORMATIONS

1. Translation
2. Reflection
3. Rotation
(i) centre of rotation
(ii) angle of rotation
(iii) direction of rotation - example: 900 clockwise /
900 anticlockwise
4. Enlargement

(i) centre of enlargement


(ii) scale factor
k=

18. COORDINATES

1. Distance
2. Midpoint,

Note prepared by Mr. Sim KY

k2 =

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