New Application of Sonic Scanner*
in Gas Reservoir Evaluation
Ronarong Paramatikul
Petrophysics Domain Engineer
Data & Consulting Services
Schlumberger
Agenda
Challenges in Gas Evaluation
Idea of using Sonic Scanner for Gas Evaluation
Processing & Interpretation Workflow
Application & Benefit of the New Technique
Conclusion
Challenges in gas evaluation
GR
Resistivity
Neutron-Density
Gas Field
Oil Field
Gas show
during drilling
Gas Sand
Source: World Energy Atlas 2002
3
Sonic measurement is a good gas indicator
Sonic Scanner
Combination of monopole and dipole transmitters
13 arrays of receivers
Good quality of waveforms for future applications
MU
ML
XD YD MF
13 x Receivers
How to use sonic for gas evaluation?
Sonic measurement is mainly used for Geophysics & Geomechanics,
but not Petrophysics
Sonic measurement is very good gas indicator
Transform compressional & shear slowness into modulus
Use modulus as saturation input to compute gas saturation
Qualitative
Quantitative
Gas sand?
How much gas?
5
Gas detection from Sonic
Gas effect on sonic data
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Conventional
Sonic Scanner into ELAN Workflow
Data QC
Environmental Correction
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Processing
New workflow
Bulk & Shear
Modulus Calculation
Sonic Endpoints
Calibration
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
Data QC & Environmental Correction
Environmental
Logging
Parameters & Correction
Field Calibration
Logging parameters
Field calibrations
Environmental correction
Good Quality Log For Interpretation
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
Resistivity ELAN Interpretation
Neutron
Resistivity Density
GR
ELAN is Petrophysical
Interpretation module
Resistivity ELAN
Equations
Cross plot analysis to determine
endpoints
Volume
Result
Density
Use resistivity as equation for
water saturation
Shale endpoint
Use for Sonic
Calibration
Neutron porosity
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
Sonic Scanner Processing
Compressional
Shear
Sonic waveform preprocessing
Compressional & Shear
Slowness by BestDT module
Unpack & QC Sonic Scanner waveforms
Input for the next step
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
10
Bulk Modulus & Shear Modulus Calculation
Modulus from Sonic wave
Slowness to Modulus conversion
Effect of Bulk modulus to gas
Gas effect on bulk modulus
It can be use for Saturation input
2x
M =Conversion
Vp2 x G =toVsSlowness
New input curves computed
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
2
= Compressional
GM=(13474.45
x Modulus
b) / (tsh)
= Shear Modulus
MG=(13474.45
x b ) / (tco)2
KBulk
= MModulus
(4G =/ K3)= M (4 G /3)
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
11
Sonic Endpoints Calibration
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Calibrated data
Calibration
Volume from Resistivity ELAN
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
12
Sonic ELAN Interpretation
Sonic ELAN Model
Use sonic modulus to be
saturation input
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
GR
Modulus
Endpoints
Modulus
Neutron
Density
Sonic ELAN
Sonic ELAN
Result Review
Results and Finding
Over calibrated interval
Sonic Resistivity very similar result
Outside calibrated interval
Sonic Resistivity very similar result
What is the different?
Sonic see something where resistivity
cannot see
Sonic detects gas in the formation
where Resistivity does not
GR
Neutron
Resistivity
Resistivity Density Modulus
ELAN
More gas identified
QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Modulus
Endpoints
Sonic ELAN
Sg < 3%
Result Review
Sonic
ELAN
Sg > 15%
14
Applications
1. Sonic interpretation is independent of formation water salinity
2. Sonic sees gas where Resistivity could not e.g. thinly laminated sands
3. Cased hole gas saturation evaluation
4. Offset wells where no Resistivity data recorded
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Example: Well-A to Well-B
All parameters from Well-A
to Well-B
Gas observed in shaly zone
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic ELAN
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Example: Thin beds sand with gas
T-combo with RT Scanner
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic ELAN
OBMI Image
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Example: Thin beds sand with gas
Gas seen from
Sonic
T-combo with RT Scanner
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic ELAN
OBMI Image
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Example: Thin beds sand with gas
Gas seen from
Sonic
T-combo with RT Scanner
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic ELAN
OBMI Image
19
Example: Thin beds sand with gas
Gas seen from
Sonic
T-combo with RT Scanner
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic ELAN
OBMI Image
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Benefit of using the technique
1. Reduce uncertainty in formation evaluation
2. Gas evaluation in low resistivity pay (e.g. Laminated sand)
3. New option for gas analysis behind casing
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Formation Evaluation
Resistivity
Dielectric
GasSaturation
detection
Gas
from Sonic
from
Sonic
RST C/O
Downhole
Fluid
Analyzer
NMR diffusion
editing
Neutron
Time lapse
New option for Gas evaluation
22
THANK YOU
Q&A
Backup Slides
25
LWD Sonic vs WL Sonic in Fast Formation
Good comparable
Compressional Shear
slowness between
SonicVISION vs DSI
SonicVISION compared to DSI
Dipole Transmitters
DSI
Sonic Scanner
