An introduction to the Quantum Simulator QCL

Rafael Trapani Possignolo

SEMBEI/LARC/PCS/POLI/USP

August 24, 2011

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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Installation

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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Installation

Installation

Get the source code at

http://tph.tuwien.ac.at/~oemer/qcl.html
Untar the file (tar xzvf qcl-0.6.3.tgz)
make; make install
To run, just type qcl in your terminal
Note: qcl is only available in Linux operating systems. If youre using Windows
try a virtual machine or Cygwin.
Note2: You need flex and bison in order to use qcl. Some other packages may
also be needed for additional features, look into the documentation to more info.

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simple examples

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simple examples

Embedded Examples

The lib folder contain some examples

Type qcl to start the environment

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simple examples

Embedded Examples

The lib folder contain some examples

Type qcl to start the environment
Type include grover.qcl; to import the grover.qcl file
Use grover(10); to run the Grover Search for the number 10
Try other values

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simple examples

Embedded Examples

The lib folder contain some examples

Type qcl to start the environment
Type include grover.qcl; to import the grover.qcl file
Use grover(10); to run the Grover Search for the number 10
Try other values
Now import shor.qcl and run the Shors algorithm to some values

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simulation Limits

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simulation Limits

Questions

What happens when you use a prime value?

What happens when you enter a even number?
And a square?

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simulation Limits

Questions

What happens when you use a prime value?

What happens when you enter a even number?
And a square?
What is the highest factorable value? (Shor)
What is the highest searchable value? (Grover)

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

Simulation Limits

Questions

What happens when you use a prime value?

What happens when you enter a even number?
And a square?
What is the highest factorable value? (Shor)
What is the highest searchable value? (Grover)
What is the maximum number of Qubits allowed? Why?

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

QCL Code

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

QCL Code

Going through the code

Use gedit (or your favorite text editor) to open grover.qcl
Identify the types of sub-programs presented in the language

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

QCL Code

Going through the code

Use gedit (or your favorite text editor) to open grover.qcl
Identify the types of sub-programs presented in the language
What is the difference between them? (procedure, operator, qufunct)

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QCL intro

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Getting Started

QCL Code

Going through the code

Use gedit (or your favorite text editor) to open grover.qcl
Identify the types of sub-programs presented in the language
What is the difference between them? (procedure, operator, qufunct)
routine type program state machine state recursion
procedure
all
all
yes
operator
none
unitary
no
qufunct
none
pseudo-classic
no
functions
none
none
yes

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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Getting Started

QCL Code

Going through the code

Use gedit (or your favorite text editor) to open grover.qcl
Identify the types of sub-programs presented in the language
What is the difference between them? (procedure, operator, qufunct)
routine type program state machine state recursion
procedure
all
all
yes
operator
none
unitary
no
qufunct
none
pseudo-classic
no
functions
none
none
yes
Operator O : A Op A
qufunc: F : |xi|0i |xi|f (x)i
Can you identify basic quantum ports in the code?

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

First Examples

We will make a first example to better understand entanglement and

QCL
First, we will type commands direct on the shell
The idea is to understand how the simulator works before going to
batch mode

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First examples: Entanglement

Measurement

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Measurement

Measurement

Open the qcl environment, and type:

qureg a[1];

declare qubit a

reset;

force all qubits to pure zero state

measure a;

make a measure on a

What is the output? Is this deterministic?

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Measurement

Without closing the environment, type:

reset;
H(a);

apply Hadamard transform over a

measure a;
What is the output? Is this deterministic? (try re-typing this three
commands some times).

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Entanglement

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Entanglement

Simple Entanglement

Re-Open the qcl environment, and type:

qureg a[1];
qureg b[1];
reset;
H(a);
CNot(b,a);

flip b if a is |1i

What happened? Can you name this state?

Make a final measure on a, what happen to b?
Repeat the commands H, CNot and measure.

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QCL intro

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First examples: Entanglement

Entanglement

Bell states

Without closing the environment, type:

reset;
Not(a);

CNot(b,a);
This is the
states?

| i

flip b if a is |1i

Bell-state. Can you produce the missing |+ i and | i

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QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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The first Quantum Operator

A simple script

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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The first Quantum Operator

A simple script

A simple script

We will start by creating a simple script an using it in the QCL

environment:
Create a script.qcl file (gedit script.qcl &), containing:
include shor.qcl;
shor(15);

Now save, open the qcl environment, and call include teste.qcl.

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QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

A simple script

A simple procedure
Now we will use the procedure feature:
Create a procedure.qcl file, containing:
include shor.qcl;
procedure callShor(int x){
shor(x);
}

Now save, open the qcl environment, and call include procedure.qcl.
You will have to call callShor(15) to run the script.

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

Rafael Trapani Possignolo (SEMBEI)

QCL intro

August 24, 2011

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Our first operator

We will use the operator feature to create a Toffoli gate, which will flip a
qubit if the other two are 1:
Create a toffoli.qcl file, containing:
operator toffoli(qureg q) {
if q[0] and q[1] { Not(q[2]); };
}

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QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Our first operator

We will use the operator feature to create a Toffoli gate, which will flip a
qubit if the other two are 1:
Create a toffoli.qcl file, containing:
operator toffoli(qureg q) {
if q[0] and q[1] { Not(q[2]); };
}
To test, open qcl and type:
include toffoli.qcl;
qureg q[3];
reset;
toffoli(q);

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QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Result should be 0, as all the qubits are 0. Now, try

Not(q[0]);
toffoli(q);

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Result should be 0, as all the qubits are 0. Now, try

Not(q[0]);
toffoli(q);
Result should be 1. Finally, try
Not(q[1]);
toffoli(q);

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QCL intro

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The first Quantum Operator

Toffoli Gate

Result should be 0, as all the qubits are 0. Now, try

Not(q[0]);
toffoli(q);
Result should be 1. Finally, try
Not(q[1]);
toffoli(q);
Result should be 7.

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QCL intro

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More on syntax

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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More on syntax

Some helpful structures

Table of Contents
1

Installation

Getting Started
Simple examples
Simulation Limits
QCL Code

First examples: Entanglement

Measurement
Entanglement

The first Quantum Operator

A simple script
Toffoli Gate

More on syntax
Some helpful structures

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QCL intro

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More on syntax

Some helpful structures

Conditional:
if a and (b or c) { do something }
else { do something else };
For loop:
for i=1 to N { do something }
While loop:
{ do something } until (some condition);
Do and undo transform:
H(a); !H(a);
Length of qureg a:
#a
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More on syntax

Some helpful structures

More on: http://tph.tuwien.ac.at/~oemer/qcl.html

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QCL intro

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