Trusses Are Used in A Broad Range of Buildings, Mainly Where There Is A Requirement For Very Long Spans, Such
Trusses Are Used in A Broad Range of Buildings, Mainly Where There Is A Requirement For Very Long Spans, Such
Trusses Are Used in A Broad Range of Buildings, Mainly Where There Is A Requirement For Very Long Spans, Such
Two types of general arrangement of the structure of a typical single storey building are shown in the figure
below.
In the first case (left) the lateral stability of the structure is provided by a series of portal trusses; the
connections between the truss and the columns provide resistance to a global bending moment. Loads are
applied to the portal structure by purlins and side rails.
In the second case, (right) each vertical truss and the two columns between which it spans, constitute a simple
beam structure; the connection between the truss and a column does not resist the global bending moment,
and the two column bases are pinned. Transverse restraint is necessary at the top level of the simple structure;
it is achieved by means of a longitudinal wind girder which carries the transverse forces due to wind on the
side walls to the vertical bracing in the gable walls.
[top]Types of trusses
Trusses comprise assemblies of tension and compression elements. Under gravity loads, the top and bottom
chords of the truss provide the compression and tension resistance to overall bending, and the bracing resists
the shear forces. A wide range of truss forms can be created. Each can vary in overall geometry and in the
choice of the individual elements. Some of the commonly used types are shown below.
Limit the buckling length of members in compression (although in a 2D truss, the buckling length is only
modified in one axis).
For the Pratt truss and any of the types of truss mentioned below, it is possible to provide either a single or a
double slope to the upper chord of a roof supporting truss. An example of a double (duo-pitch) Pratt truss is
shown below.
[top]Warren truss
Warren truss may be adopted where additional members are introduced to provide a node at (for example)
purlin locations.
Warren trusses are commonly used in long span buildings ranging from 20 to 100 m in span.
This type of truss is also used for the horizontal truss of gantry/crane girders.
[top]Saw-tooth truss
[top]Fink truss
Fink truss
The Fink truss offers economy in terms of steel weight for short-span high-pitched roofs as the members are
subdivided into shorter elements. There are many ways of arranging and subdividing the chords and internal
members.
This type of truss is commonly used to construct roofs in houses.
Truss Types
Trusses come in all shapes and sizes. Here is a list of common names and pictures of the standard truss
types/styles.
Attic
Gambrel Attic
Storage
Gambrel
Common Trusses
Common
Gable
Stepdown Hip
Howe
Double Howe
Triple Howe
Double Fan
Modified Queen
Dual Pitch
Mono Trusses
Mono
Mono-Scissor
Mono-Cathedral
Barrel Truss
Bow Barrel
Cathedral
Coffer
Sliding Scissor
Tray
Floor Trusses
Chase Way
Haden Y. Mateo
AR22FB1
Ar. Samson