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    1-Saphub Abap Basics

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    KIRAN
    The document provides information about the ABAP programming language. It discusses ABAP syntax including that statements begin with keywords and end with periods, and comments. It also covers data types, variables, constants, basic operations like assignment and arithmetic, and control structures like IF/ELSE and loops. String operations like CONCATENATE, SPLIT, and SEARCH are also summarized.

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    1-Saphub Abap Basics

    Uploaded by

    KIRAN
    103 views21 pages
    The document provides information about the ABAP programming language. It discusses ABAP syntax including that statements begin with keywords and end with periods, and comments. It also covers data types, variables, constants, basic operations like assignment and arithmetic, and control structures like IF/ELSE and loops. String operations like CONCATENATE, SPLIT, and SEARCH are also summarized.

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    1-Saphub Abap Basics

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    The document provides information about the ABAP programming language. It discusses ABAP syntax including that statements begin with keywords and end with periods, and comments. It also covers data types, variables, constants, basic operations like assignment and arithmetic, and control structures like IF/ELSE and loops. String operations like CONCATENATE, SPLIT, and SEARCH are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    103 views21 pages

    1-Saphub Abap Basics

    Uploaded by

    KIRAN
    The document provides information about the ABAP programming language. It discusses ABAP syntax including that statements begin with keywords and end with periods, and comments. It also covers data types, variables, constants, basic operations like assignment and arithmetic, and control structures like IF/ELSE and loops. String operations like CONCATENATE, SPLIT, and SEARCH are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21

    ABAP Language

    ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming. It is a programming language developed by
    SAP.
    ABAP language syntax

    ABAP is not case sensitive.


    Every statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.( WRITE is the keyword to print on
    screen )

    WRITE 'Hello World!'.

    Chained statements.If consecutive statements have identical part at the beginning, then ABAP allows
    you to chain these statements into a single statement. First write the identical part once and then place a colon
    (:). Then write the remaining parts of the individual statements separated by commas.Normal Statements:

    WRITE 'Hello'.

    WRITE 'ABAP'.
    Chained Statement:

    WRITE: 'Hello', 'ABAP'.

    Comments.If you want to make the entire line as comment, then enter asterisk (*) at the beginning of
    the line.

    * This is a comment line


    If you want to make a part of the line as comment, then enter double quote () before the comment.

    WRITE 'COMMENT'.

    "Start of comment

    Login to SAP System


    Double click on the SAP icon.

    On the logon pad select the system you want to login to and press log on button.

    Enter Client, User, password and press enter.

    This is SAP easy access screen. All the tools required by ABAP developer is under the node Tools.

    What is SAP transaction code?


    SAP Transaction code is a short cut key attached to a screen. Instead of using SAP easy access menu we
    can also navigate to a particular screen in SAP by entering the transaction code (T-code for short) in the
    command field of the standard toolbar.

    Some of the useful transaction codes for ABAP developers.


    T CODE

    DESCRIPTION

    SE11

    ABAP Data Dictionary

    SE16

    Data Browser

    SE37

    Function Builder

    SE38

    ABAP Editor

    SE41

    Menu Painter

    SE51

    Screen Painter

    SE71

    SAP Script Layout

    SE80

    ABAP Workbench

    SE91

    Message Maintenance

    SE93

    Maintain Transaction

    First ABAP Program


    Let us write a Hello SAP ABAP program.
    Navigate to ABAP editor under Tools node in SAP easy access.

    Double click on ABAP Editor to open the editor. ABAP editor can also be opened by entering t-code SE38 in the
    command field.

    This is the ABAP editors initial screen. Enter the name of the program you want to
    the customer programs must begin with Y or Z.

    create and press create. All

    In the next popup screen(Program attributes) enter the title for your program, select Executable program as
    type and press save.

    Press Local Object to store the program in the temporary folder.

    This is the screen where you can write the ABAP code.

    Write the code. Press save, then syntax check( Ctrl + F2 ).

    If there are any syntax errors, it will be displayed at the bottom of the screen as shown above. Correct the errors
    and again check the syntax.

    Successful syntax check message will be displayed in the status bar. Then activate( Ctrl + F3 ) the program.

    In the following screen select your program and press continue. Then run(F8) the program.

    The output will be displayed as shown above.

    ABAP Data Types and Constants


    Data Type describes the technical characteristics of a Variable of that type. Data type is just the blue print
    of a variable.
    Predefined ABAP Types
    DATA TYPE

    DESCRIPTION

    DEFAULT LENGTH

    DEFAULT VALUE

    Character

    Numeric

    Date

    00000000

    Time

    000000

    Hexa Decimal

    X0

    Integer

    Packed

    Float

    User

    defined

    data types

    Use TYPES keyword to define the data types.


    TYPES: name(10) TYPE c,
    length

    TYPE p DECIMALS 2,

    counter

    TYPE i,

    id(5)

    TYPE n.

    Structured data types


    Structured data type is grouping of several simple data types under one name.
    Use the keywords BEGIN OF and END OF to create a structured data type.
    TYPES: BEGIN OF student,
    id(5)

    TYPE n,

    name(10)

    TYPE c,

    dob

    TYPE d,

    place(10) TYPE c,
    END OF student.

    Constants
    Constants are used to store a value under a name. We must specify the value when we declare a constant and
    the value cannot be changed later in the program.

    Use CONSTANTS keyword to declare a constant.


    CONSTANTS: pi

    TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '3.14',

    yes TYPE c VALUE 'X'.

    ABAP Variables
    ABAP Variables are instances of data types. Variables are created during program execution and destroyed
    after program execution.
    Use keyword DATA to declare a variable.
    DATA: firstname(10) TYPE c,
    index

    TYPE i,

    student_id(5) TYPE n.

    While declaring a variable we can also refer to an existing variable instead of data type. For that
    use LIKE instead of TYPE keyword while declaring a variable.
    DATA: firstname(10) TYPE c,
    lastname(10)

    LIKE firstname. " Observe LIKE keyword

    Structured Variable
    Similar to structured data type, structured variable can be declared using BEGIN OFand END OF keywords.
    DATA: BEGIN OF student,
    id(5)

    TYPE n,

    name(10)

    TYPE c,

    dob

    TYPE d,

    place(10) TYPE c,
    END OF student.

    We can also declare a structured variable by referring to an existing structured data type.
    TYPES: BEGIN OF address,
    name(10)

    TYPE c,

    street(10) TYPE c,

    place(10)

    TYPE c,

    pincode(6) type n,
    phone(10)

    type n,

    END OF address.

    Data: house_address

    type address,

    office_address like house_address.

    Each individual field of the structured variable can be accessed using hyphen (-). For example, name field of the
    house_address structure can be accessed using housing_address-name.
    Character is the default data type.
    DATA: true.

    " By default it will take C as data type

    ABAP System Variables


    ABAP system variables is accessible from all ABAP programs. These fields are filled by the runtime
    environment. The values in these fields indicate the state of the system at any given point of time.
    The complete list of ABAP system variables is found in the SYST table in SAP. Individual fields of the SYST
    structure can be accessed either using SYST- or SY-.
    WRITE:/ 'ABAP System Variables'.
    WRITE:/ 'Client : ', sy-mandt.
    WRITE:/ 'User : ', sy-uname.
    WRITE:/ 'Date : ', sy-datum.
    WRITE:/ 'Time : ', sy-uzeit.

    Output

    Basic Operations
    Assigning values to ABAP
    Use = or MOVE keyword to assign a value to a variable.
    DATA: a TYPE i,
    b TYPE i,
    c TYPE i,
    d TYPE i.

    a = 10.
    b = a.
    MOVE 20 TO c.
    MOVE c TO d.

    WRITE:/ a, b, c, d.

    Output

    Basic Arithmetic Operations


    DATA: a TYPE i,
    b TYPE i,
    c TYPE i,
    d TYPE i.

    *Using Mathematical Expressions


    a = 10 + 20.
    b = 20 - 10.
    c = 10 * 2.
    d = 100 / 2.

    variables

    WRITE:/ 'Using Expressions'.


    WRITE:/ a, b, c, d.

    *Using Keywords
    add 10 to a.
    subtract 5 from b.
    multiply c by 2.
    divide d by 2.

    WRITE:/ 'Using Keywords'.


    WRITE:/ a, b, c, d.

    Output

    Clear ABAP variables


    Use keyword CLEAR to set the variables to default values.
    DATA: a TYPE i,
    b TYPE i.

    a = 10 + 20.
    b = 20 - 10.

    WRITE:/ 'Before Clear'.


    WRITE:/ a, b.

    clear: a, b.

    WRITE:/ 'After Clear'.


    WRITE:/ a, b.

    Output

    Control Statements
    To control the flow of the ABAP program use the following statements.

    IF

    Branching

    Conditionally

    IF statement The code between IF and ENDIF is executed only if the condition is true.
    DATA: a TYPE i VALUE 10.

    " We can assign a value in the declaration

    IF a > 5.
    WRITE:/ 'Condition True'.
    ENDIF.

    Output

    IF-ELSE statement The code between IF and ELSE is executed if the condition is true, the code
    between ELSE andENDIF is executed if the condition is False.
    DATA: a TYPE i VALUE 1.

    IF a > 5.
    WRITE:/ 'Condition True'.
    ELSE.

    WRITE:/ 'Condition False'.


    ENDIF.

    Output

    IF-ELSEIF statement Used to check multiple conditions.


    DATA: a TYPE i VALUE 2.

    IF a > 5.
    WRITE:/ a, 'Greater Than', 5.
    ELSEIF a > 4.
    WRITE:/ a, 'Greater Than', 4.
    ELSEIF a > 3.
    WRITE:/ a, 'Greater Than', 3.
    ELSE.
    WRITE:/ a, 'Less Than', 3.
    ENDIF.

    Output

    CASE-ENDCASE Branching based on the content of the variable.


    DATA: a TYPE i VALUE 4.

    CASE a.
    WHEN 3.
    WRITE:/ a, 'Equals', 3.
    WHEN 4.

    WRITE:/ a, 'Equals', 4.
    WHEN OTHERS.
    WRITE:/ 'Not Found'.
    ENDCASE.

    Output

    When no condition is met, OTHERS will be executed. OTHERS is not mandatory.

    Loops
    DO

    ENDDO

    Unconditional

    Loop

    DO can be used to execute a certain lines of codes specific number of times.


    DO 5 TIMES.
    WRITE sy-index.

    " SY-INDEX (system variable) - Current loop pass

    ENDDO.

    Output

    WHILE ENDWHILE Conditional Loop


    WHILE can be used to execute a certain lines of codes as long as the condition is true.
    WHILE sy-index < 3.
    WRITE sy-index.
    ENDWHILE.

    Output

    CONTINUE Terminate a loop pass unconditionally.


    After continue the control directly goes to the end statement of the current loop pass ignoring the remaining
    statements in the current loop pass, starts the next loop pass.
    DO 5 TIMES.

    IF sy-index = 2.
    CONTINUE.
    ENDIF.
    WRITE sy-index.
    ENDDO.

    Output

    CHECK Terminate a loop pass conditionally.


    If the condition is false, the control directly goes to the end statement of the current loop pass ignoring the
    remaining statements in the current loop pass, starts the next loop pass.
    DO 5 TIMES.
    CHECK sy-index < 3.
    WRITE sy-index.
    ENDDO.

    Output

    EXIT Terminate an entire loop pass unconditionally.


    After EXIT statement the control goes to the next statement after the end of loop statement.
    DO 10 TIMES.
    IF sy-index = 2.
    EXIT.
    ENDIF.
    WRITE sy-index.
    ENDDO.

    Output

    String Operations
    CONCATENATE Combines 2 or more strings into one string.
    DATA: s1(10) VALUE 'Hello',
    s2(10) VALUE 'ABAP',
    s3(10) VALUE 'World',
    result1(30),
    result2(30).

    CONCATENATE s1 s2 s3 INTO result1.


    CONCATENATE s1 s2 s3 INTO result2 SEPARATED BY '-'.

    WRITE / result1.
    WRITE / result2.

    Output

    If the the concatenated string fits in the result string, then the system variable sy-subrc is set to 0. If the result has
    to be truncated then sy-subrc is set to 4.
    SPLIT Splits a string into 2 or more smaller strings.
    DATA: s1(10), s2(10), s3(10),
    source(20) VALUE 'abc-def-ghi'.

    SPLIT source AT '-' INTO s1 s2 s3.

    WRITE:/ 'S1 - ', s1.


    WRITE:/ 'S2 - ', s2.
    WRITE:/ 'S3 - ', s3.

    Output

    If all target fields are long enough and no target fields has to be truncated then sy-subrc is set to 0, else set to 4.
    SEARCH Searches for a sub string in main string. If found then sy-subrc is set to 0, else set to 4.
    DATA: string(30) VALUE 'SAP ABAP Development',
    str(10) VALUE 'ABAP'.

    SEARCH string FOR str.


    IF sy-subrc = 0.
    WRITE:/ 'Found'.
    ELSE.
    WRITE:/ 'Not found'.
    ENDIF.

    Output

    REPLACE Replaces the sub string with another sub string specified, in the main string. If replaced successfully
    then sy-subrc is set to 0, else set to 4.
    DATA: string(30) VALUE 'SAP ABAP Development',
    str(10) VALUE 'World'.

    REPLACE 'Development' WITH str INTO string.


    WRITE:/ string.

    Output

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