This document provides multiple choice questions about fiber optics. It covers topics like fiber optic materials, light transmission through fiber, types of fiber (single mode, multi-mode), fiber splicing techniques, fiber connectors, and fiber installation methods. The questions assess understanding of key fiber optic concepts including refractive index, numerical aperture, modal dispersion, splice and connector losses, cleaving, and mechanical versus fusion splicing.
This document provides multiple choice questions about fiber optics. It covers topics like fiber optic materials, light transmission through fiber, types of fiber (single mode, multi-mode), fiber splicing techniques, fiber connectors, and fiber installation methods. The questions assess understanding of key fiber optic concepts including refractive index, numerical aperture, modal dispersion, splice and connector losses, cleaving, and mechanical versus fusion splicing.
This document provides multiple choice questions about fiber optics. It covers topics like fiber optic materials, light transmission through fiber, types of fiber (single mode, multi-mode), fiber splicing techniques, fiber connectors, and fiber installation methods. The questions assess understanding of key fiber optic concepts including refractive index, numerical aperture, modal dispersion, splice and connector losses, cleaving, and mechanical versus fusion splicing.
This document provides multiple choice questions about fiber optics. It covers topics like fiber optic materials, light transmission through fiber, types of fiber (single mode, multi-mode), fiber splicing techniques, fiber connectors, and fiber installation methods. The questions assess understanding of key fiber optic concepts including refractive index, numerical aperture, modal dispersion, splice and connector losses, cleaving, and mechanical versus fusion splicing.
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to your
answer. 1. A transparent material along which we can transmit light is called: a. b. c. d.
a fiber optic a flashlight an optic fiber a xenon bulb
7. A ray of light in a transparent material of refractive index 1.5
is approaching a material with a refractive index of 1.48. At the boundary, the critical angle is:
2. A simple fiber optic system would consist of:
a. b. c. d.
a light source, an optic fiber and a photo-electric cell
a laser, an optic fiber and an LED a copper coaxial cable, a laser and a photo-electric cell an LED, a cathode ray tube and a light source
3. Optic fiber is normally made from:
a. b. c. d.
4. It is not true that:
1870 300 50,000 60
90 9.4 75.2 80.6
8. If a ray of light approaches a material with a greater
refractive index:
9. If a light ray crosses the boundary between two materials
with different refractive indices: distance
5. The number of fibers in a typical endoscope is about:
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
a. The angle of incidence will be greater than the angle of
refraction b. TIR will always occur c. The speed of the light will increase immediately as it crosses the boundary d. The angle of refraction will be greater than the angle of incidence
coherent glass and xenon
copper water silica glass or plastic
a. endoscopes use coherent bundles of fibers
b. silica glass is used because of its clarity c. photocell converts light into electric current d. plastic fiber is normally used for long communications
a. is always the same regardless of the material chosen
b. is never greater than the speed of light in free space c. increases if the light enters a material with a higher refractive index d. is slowed down by a factor of a million within the first 60 meters
a. no refraction would take place if the angle of incidence
was 0 b. refraction will always occur c. the speed of the light will not change if the incident ray is traveling along the normal d. the speed of light never changes
10. The common windows used in fiber optic communications
are centered on wavelengths of:
d. 0.9 16. As the meridional ray is propagated along the optic fiber it:
a. b. c. d.
300 nm, 1550 nm and 850 nm
850 nm, 1500 nm and 1300 nm 1350 nm, 1500 nm and 850 nm 800 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm
11. A wavelength of 660 nm is often used for visible light
transmission. The frequency of this light in free space would be: a. b. c. d.
660 x 10 Hz 14 4.5 x 10 Hz 8 300 x 10 Hz 12 45 x 10 Hz
12. In free space, light travels at approximately:
a. b. c. d.
-1
180,000 ms -1 3 x 109 ms -1 300 ms 0.3 meters per nanosecond
13. The window with the longest wavelength operates at a
wavelength of approximately: a. b. c. d.
850 nm 1550 m 1350 nm 1.55 m
14. The 850 nm window remains popular because it:
a. uses visible light and this allows plastic fibers to be used b. the fiber is less expensive to install and has lower losses than any other windows c. the system is less expensive and easier to install d. allows higher data transmission rates 15. No material could have a refractive index of: a. 1.5 b. 1.3 c. 1.1
a. b. c. d.
travels in a sort of spiral shape
stays in the center of the fiber passes repeatedly through the center of the core is reflected off the the inside surface of the primary buffer. This is called TIR
17. If the refractive index of the core of an optic fiber was 1.47 and that of the cladding was 1.44, the cone of acceptance would have an angle of approximately: a. b. c. d.
17.19 72.82 78.4 34.36
18. An active fiber detector:
a. b. c. d.
is used to prevent accidental exposure to invisible light
is a communication system used during installation detects movement of fiber in security systems can be used to weigh objects
19. If light leaves a material of refractive index 1.45 and crosses
an abrupt into a material of refractive index 1.0, the Fresnel loss would be: a. b. c. d.
0.346 dB 0.149 dB 1.613 dB 3 dB
20. Absorption loss is caused by:
a. insufficient stirring of the ingredients during manufacture b. changes in the density of the fiber due to uneven rates of cooling c. microscopic cracks in the cladding which allow leakage of the vacuum in the core d. impurities in the fiber
21. Rayleigh scatter is most severe:
a. b. c. d.
in light with a short wavelength
in blue light on the Earth and black light on the moon in low frequency light at sunset
26. If the wavelength of the transmitted light were to be
decreased, the number of modes would: a. b. c. d.
increase decrease remain the same halve in a graded index fiber
22. Bending losses:
27. The refractive index of a GI fiber a. b. c. d.
always result in breakage of the fiber
can be caused by microbends and macrobends are used to detect the length of fiber on a drum are caused by the difference in the operating temperature of the core compared with the cladding on active fibers
23. Dispersion: a. causes the core to spread out and get wider as the pulse is transmitted along the fiber b. results in the wavelength of the light increasing along the fiber c. is the lengthening of light pulses as they travel down the fiber d. cannot occur with a laser light source 24. An SI MM fiber has a core of 62.5 m diameter and a numerical aperture of 0.2424. The number of modes that would occur using a light of wavelength of 865 nm would be: a. b. c. d.
1 378 1513.78 1513
25. Intramodal dispersion:
a. b. c. d.
only occurs in multimode fiber
is also called chromatic dispersion does not occur in multimode fiber could not occur in an all plastic fiber
a. b. c. d.
is at its highest value at the center of the core
is usually higher in the cladding than in the core increases as we move away from the center of the core has a value of 4 instead of the 2 common in step index fibers
28. A cable containing both optic fiber and copper conductors is
called: a. b. c. d.
an armored cable a dehydrated cable tight jacketed cable a hybrid cable
29. LSOH means low smoke:
a. b. c. d.
zero halogen zero heat optic fibers of hybrid design or heat
30. Spiral galvanized wires are sometimes added to a cable to:
a. b. c. d.
conduct electricity allow the cable to stretch more to relieve stress improve crush resistance allow the fibers to be upgraded as necessary
31. Blown fiber allows:
a. easy removal of the fibers to clean the ducts b. the diameter of the fiber to be increased by filling it with compressed air c. easy removal of any water in the fiber d. easy replacement of any damaged fiber
32. Within buildings:
a. b. c. d.
both tight buffered and loose jacketed cables are used
only loose jacketed cables are used only armored cables can be used only tight buffered cables are used
33. If light is launched from a fiber with a core diameter of 50 m
into a fiber of core 62.5 m diameter, the loss would be: a. b. c. d.
+1.9 dB zero 1.9 dB 16.8 dB
34. Cleaving is the process of:
a. removing the cladding before connecting fibers together b. cutting the end of the fiber in preparation for connecting two fibers c. cleaning the surface of optic fibers d. inspecting fibers for flaws 35. A tang is most likely to give rise to: a. b. c. d.
increased values of NA eccentricity excessive amplification gap loss
36. The core of a typical monomode fiber would have a diameter
of: a. b. c. d.
50 m 50 nm 8 m 1 mm
37. Stripping off the primary buffer can be achieved by:
a. b. c. d.
chemical or mechanical means
cleaving the buffer off isopropyl alcohol brushing on index matching gel then wiping off with lint free cloth
38. Too much overfeed whilst splicing will cause:
a. waisting b. a bubble being formed due to air being trapped inside the fiber c. a bulge in the fiber d. runback 39. The main fusing arc is likely to have a duration of: a. b. c. d.
15 s 62.5 ns 10-20 minutes less than a second
40. PAS stands for:
a. b. c. d.
position adjustment system
profile alignment standard plane alignment system profile alignment system
41. For viewing the splicing process, a CCD camera is
preferable to a microscope because: a. b. c. d.
higher magnification can be achieved
better resolution is possible there is no risk of eye damage a CCD camera can operate at very low light levels
42. A splice protector:
a. b. c. d.
provides more flexibility at the mechanical joint
is not needed inside an enclosure protects against unauthorized copying of data provides mechanical protection to the fusion splice
43. The three basic designs used for mechanical splices are: a. b. c. d.
vee-groove, bent tube and precision hole
vee-groove, PAS and LID fusion splice, mechanical splice and enclosures UV curing epoxy, index matching gel and isopropyl alcohol
44. A typical value for the insertion loss for a mechanical splice is: a. b. c. d.
50 dB 0.2 dB 12 mm 3 dB
50. A PC finish: a. b. c. d.
reduces both the return loss and the insertion loss
makes physical contact but damages the end of the fiber is the result of polishing on a hard surface is the result of using an incorrect dolly
51. A full length Delrin sleeve:
45. Mechanical splices have the advantage that they: a. b. c. d.
are easily mistaken for splice protectors
have lower losses than fusion splices are quick and easy to fit are waterproof
a. converts the ferrule of an SMA 905 connector to be
compatible with the SMA 906 b. can be used instead of an adapter c. is a popular choice of connector with cable television companies d. reduces the insertion loss of SMA 906 connectors
46. An elastomeric splice:
a. has losses which are about one thousandth of a fusion splice b. uses a flexible plastic to align the fibers c. is based upon the bent tube principle d. cannot be re-used 47. Some designs of mechanical splice can be easily mistaken for: a. b. c. d.
an enclosure a PAS splicer a splice protector an all plastic fiber
48. Two fibers can be joined by:
a. b. c. d.
two adapters plugged into each end of a connector
a bare fiber connector two connectors and one adapter a single connector
49. A connector with a keyed ferrule and secured by a screw
thread is likely to be an: a. b. c. d.
SC FCPC STPC SMA 906
52. During polishing of a silica fiber, final inspection reveals a
large scratch running right across the fiber. A likely cause of this is: a. contamination of the final lapping film with some coarse grit from a previous stage of the polishing b. using diamond lapping film instead of aluminum oxide film c. using the wrong dolly d. water laying on the surface of the fiber. Simply wipe it off with lint-free tissue 53. A 4 x 4 coupler would have a total of: a. b. c. d.
16 ports 4 ports 9 ports 8 ports
54. The main advantage of using a star coupler to connect a
large number of terminals is that: a. more cable would be used and hence system reliability would increase b. the power loss is lower than would be the case if tee couplers were to be used c. higher levels of data errors could be tolerated d. less cable is used
55. Coupling ratio is also known as:
a. b. c. d.
directional loss coupling loss splitting ratio directivity ratio
56. The output connection which carries the highest power level is the: a. b. c. d.
tap port power port star throughput port
57. The safest type of laser is referred to as:
a. b. c. d.
infrared class 1 pulsed class 4
58. A typical value for the spectral width of a laser is:
a. b. c. d.
1310 nm 3 nm 850 nm 30 nm
61. A typical value of tr for a laser would be:
a. b. c. d.
3.5 ns 3 nm 90% 0.3 ns
62. For contract purposes, test equipment should:
a. b. c. d.
have a valid certificate of calibration
be left switched on at all times be powered by internal batteries be manufactured by the same company as produced the fiber
63. Light sources often include a tone output. This enables:
a. b. c. d.
the length of the fiber to be calculated
our eyes to see the infrared light more easily longer fibers to be tested easy identification of the fiber being tested
64. For detailed examination of a very short length of optic fiber
cable, the OTDR should use the: a. b. c. d.
shortest possible wavelength
shortest possible pulsewidth longest available pulsewidth highest available power
59. An APD: 65. The averaging facility of an OTDR can be switched off: a. can produce visible light as well as infrared light at 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm b. has good electrical output in low light conditions c. has a lower dynamic range than a PIN diode d. is cheaper than a PIN diode 60. LEDs are not used as the light source for high speed telecommunications because of their: a. b. c. d.
higher cost poor reliability inability to provide a visible light output slow switching speed and higher spectral width
a. b. c. d.
to provide a real time response
to remove noise and clean up the display of information to allow the peak power to be used if simultaneous measurements on more than one fiber system are required
66. Reducing the length of a multimode fiber would:
a. b. c. d.
decrease the transmitter rise time
decrease the system bandwidth increase the bandwidth of the system increase the system rise time
67. Changing the spectral width of the light source would affect the: a. fiber bandwidth in a singlemode system b. system bandwidth of a multimode system but not a singlemode one c. aging losses d. number of likely repairs 68. If the transmitter and the receiver rise times were 0.5 ns and 1.5 ns respectively, and the fiber rise time was 25 ps, the system rise time would be approximately: a. b. c. d.
25.05 ns 1.42 ns 1.58 ns 5.19 ns
69. If the dispersion figure for a singlemode fiber is known to be
44 ps, the bandwidth of the fiber would be: a. b. c. d.
10 GHz 7.95 GHz 100 MHz 795 MHz
70. The following are the advantages of optical fiber system
except a. b. c. d.
greater capacity crosstalk immunity safer to handle lower initial cost of installation
71. Plastic fibers have the following advantages over glass fiber except a. b. c. d.
flexibility ease of installation ruggedness low attenuation
72. This explains how a light may react when it meets the interface of two transmission materials that have different indices of refraction. a. b. c. d.
Huygen's Law Nyquist's Theorem Len's Law Snell's Law
73. In optical fibers
a. b. c. d.
the core and cladding have the same index of refraction
the core and cladding have the same area the core surrounds the cladding the cladding surround the core
74. A type of fiber whereby light rays take many paths between the source and the receiver a. b. c. d.
monomode multimode single mode step Index
75. A figure of merit used to measure the light gathering or light
collection ability of the optical fiber. a. b. c. d.
76. The Basic Optical Fiber Communication System consist of
the following except a. b. c. d.
optical source photodetector transmission medium 48 volts power supply
77. Optical fibers can be made out of
a. b. c. d.
glass plastic combination of glass and plastic any of these
78. In ____________ , the core has index of refraction that
changes continuously from the center to the outside a. b. c. d.
step index fiber
graded index fiber monomode multimode
79. The following are causes of attenuation and loss of optical
power within the fiber except a. b. c. d.
microbending loss connector loss splicing loss ohmic loss
80. For a signal to be propagated through the optical fiber, the
angle of incidence should be __________ the critical angle. a. b. c. d.
greater than less than equal to none of these
82. Cleaving is the process of
a. removing the cladding before connecting fibers together b. cutting the end of the fiber in preparation for connecting two fibers c. cleaning the surface of optic fibers d. inspecting fibers for flaws 83. The following are light detectors Communications System except a. b. c. d.
in
Optic
ILD PIN diode APD NOTA
84. The following are the three distinct regions of an optical fiber except a. b. c. d.
core cladding jacket coating
85. Which of the following combinations is impossible for optical
fibers a. b. c. d.
plastic core and cladding
glass core and cladding plastic core and glass cladding glass core and plastic cladding
81. Scattering loss is caused by:
86. The scientist who coined the term fiber optics a. insufficient stirring of the ingredients during manufacture b. changes in the density of the fiber due to uneven rates of cooling c. microscopic cracks in the cladding which allow leakage of the vacuum in the core d. impurities in the fiber
Fiber
a. b. c. d.
H.H. Hopkins C.W. Hansel N.S. Kapany A.C. Van Heel
87. That dielectric material of an optical fiber surrounding the
core a. b. c. d.
cladding armor shield cover
88. Approximately what is the frequency limit of the optical fiber?
a. b. c. d.
20 GHz 1 MHz 100 MHz 40 MHz
89. A single fiber can handle as many voice channels as
a. b. c. d.
a pair of copper conductors
a 1500 pair cable a 500 pair cable a 1000 pair cable
90. An incident ray can be defined as
a. b. c. d.
a light ray reflected from a flat surface
a light ray directed toward a surface a diffused light ray a light ray that happens periodically
91. It is made from semiconductor material such as aluminumgallium-arsenide or gallium-arsenide-phosphide.
93. The loss in signal power as light travels down a fiber is
a. b. c. d.
attenuation scattering propagation absorption
94. An object farther from a converging lens than its focal point always has an __________ image. a. b. c. d.
inverted virtual smaller size the same in size
95. The refractive index number is
a. a number which compares the transparency of a material with that of air b. a number assigned by the manufacturer to the fiber in question c. a number which determines the core diameter d. a term for describing core elasticity 96. The mechanical splice is best suited for a. b. c. d.
quicker installation under ideal conditions
minimum attenuation losses field service conditions situations in which cost of equipment is not a factor
