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    Green Manures

    Uploaded by

    Ananda Preethi
    1) Green manures involve growing crops specifically to incorporate them into the soil as organic matter, while green leaf manures collect leaves from trees and shrubs. 2) Leguminous green manures fix atmospheric nitrogen in amounts ranging from 20-40 kg/ha from leaves and 5-20 kg/ha from roots, saving on nitrogen budgets. 3) Common green manure crops suitable for Southern India include Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania speciosa, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vigna trilobata, which are drought-tolerant and produce biomass to add nitrogen and organic matter to soils.

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    Green Manures

    Uploaded by

    Ananda Preethi
    222 views5 pages
    1) Green manures involve growing crops specifically to incorporate them into the soil as organic matter, while green leaf manures collect leaves from trees and shrubs. 2) Leguminous green manures fix atmospheric nitrogen in amounts ranging from 20-40 kg/ha from leaves and 5-20 kg/ha from roots, saving on nitrogen budgets. 3) Common green manure crops suitable for Southern India include Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania speciosa, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vigna trilobata, which are drought-tolerant and produce biomass to add nitrogen and organic matter to soils.

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    Agri

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    21. Green Manures

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    1) Green manures involve growing crops specifically to incorporate them into the soil as organic matter, while green leaf manures collect leaves from trees and shrubs. 2) Leguminous green manures fix atmospheric nitrogen in amounts ranging from 20-40 kg/ha from leaves and 5-20 kg/ha from roots, saving on nitrogen budgets. 3) Common green manure crops suitable for Southern India include Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania speciosa, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vigna trilobata, which are drought-tolerant and produce biomass to add nitrogen and organic matter to soils.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    222 views5 pages

    Green Manures

    Uploaded by

    Ananda Preethi
    1) Green manures involve growing crops specifically to incorporate them into the soil as organic matter, while green leaf manures collect leaves from trees and shrubs. 2) Leguminous green manures fix atmospheric nitrogen in amounts ranging from 20-40 kg/ha from leaves and 5-20 kg/ha from roots, saving on nitrogen budgets. 3) Common green manure crops suitable for Southern India include Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania speciosa, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vigna trilobata, which are drought-tolerant and produce biomass to add nitrogen and organic matter to soils.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Green manures

    Green manuring & Green leaf manuring


    Green manuring
    o Growing of crop purposely and incorporating it in the soil for manuring
    Green leaf manuring
    o Collecting green leaves from all available sources and using for manuring
    Importance of green manuring
    1. Leguminous green manure fix atmospheric nitrogen
    1. Green leaf additions 20-40 kg N
    2. Root fixes 5-20kg
    3. There is saving in the N budget
    2. They decompose easily without leaving much residue
    1. Cattle manure leaves more humus than GM
    3. Leguminous green manure fix atmospheric nitrogen
    1. Green leaf additions 20-40 kg N
    2. Root fixes 5-20kg
    3. There is saving in the N budget
    4. They decompose easily without leaving much residue
    1. Cattle manure leaves more humus than GM
    5. GM withdraws plant nutrients from lower layers and leaves on surface
    6. Subsidiary objectives of GM are:
    1. They are catch crop to the nutrients being lost before next crop
    2. Shade crop: to provide shade in young orchards besides adding N
    3. Cover crop: Clothing the soil with vegetative cover in hill slopes during
    rainy season
    1. Also to check wind erosion
    4. Forage crop: few cuttings as fodder and then as GM
    1. Pillipesara (Phaseolus trilobus) is broadcast in standing rice
    Green manuring possibilities
    Rainfed dry lands
    o Only hardy crops
    o Or where there is high rainfall
    Irrigated dry lands
    o It has to be fitted between two main crops
    o GM crop should be quick growing and producning heavy foliage in short
    period
    o It should be leguminous crop
    o Capable of raising with little cost
    Wetlands
    o In between two rice if the period available is 40-60days
    o After the rice but sown as rice fallow / self sown Tephrosia purpurea

    o Before rice if rain is there under prepared field


    Green manure suitable for S. India
    Daincha - Sesbania aculeata
    Tolerant to drought, stands under flood
    Vigorous growth produces good biomass
    Can be incorporated within 45 days
    10-20 t of green matter
    Easy decomposition
    Seed rate 20 kg
    Sesbania speciosa
    Resembles daincha
    Can be cultivated in the standing water
    Biomass production is higher than S. aculeata
    Seed rate 15 kg
    It can be even in the bunds
    o To be used as GLM
    o To have seed production
    Sesbania rostrata
    As intercrop along rice
    As daincha it can be cultivated
    Germination requires seed scarification
    More suitable to summer
    Stem nodulating GM
    Seed rate 15-20 kg
    Kolunchi / wild indigo (Tephrosia purpurea)
    Suitable for sandy soil
    It is very hardy and drought tolerant
    Self sown crop is possible if sown 3-4 times
    Mature seeds remain dormant in the rice soil
    More suitable for single cropped wetlands
    Not graced by cattle
    Seed scarification is needed
    Seed rate 15-20 kg
    Indigo / Avuri (Indigifera tinctoria)
    It is long duration crop resembles kolunchi
    It is more leafy
    Also a medicinal plant of today
    Comes up well in clayey soil
    One or two irrigations are needed
    Seed rate 15 kg
    Sunnhemp - Crotalaria juncea
    Vigorous growing

    Comes well in loamy soil under irrigation


    Seed rate 25-35 kg /ha
    Subject to complete defoliation by insects
    Susceptible to water logging
    Pillipesara -Vigna trilobata
    (Syn: Phaseolus trilobus)
    It is pulse crop
    Sown as rice fallow pulses in AP
    Early slow growth
    Graced by animals and then allowed to grow
    Green matter produced is 8 10t if allowed for six weeks
    Seed rate 10-15 kg
    Sowing of Green manure crops
    Done by different ways
    Broadcasting on standing crops (rice)
    Broadcasting after field preparation
    Drum seeding in rice inter rows
    Seeds to be scarified, if hardy like Kolunchi or S. rostrata
    o Hot water treatment
    o Mixed with sand and pounding to abrade the seeds for germination
    Green leaf manure - GLM
    Leguminous trees
    Pungam
    Cassia
    Subabul
    Gliricidia
    Trees & shrubs
    Neem
    Calotropis
    Ipomoea
    Pungam - Pongamia glabra
    Evergreen trees
    Can be grown in all the places
    Drought tolerant
    Seeds oil producing
    Medicinal value
    Konnai Cassia spp
    Establishes in all places
    Drought tolerant
    Subabol - Luecaena leucocephala
    Forage cum GLM
    Live fencing

    Leguminous tree
    Bund, border, and waste lands
    Gliricidia maculata
    Tree
    Bund and border crop
    Allay cropping
    Gliricidia maculata
    Tree
    Bund and border crop
    Allay cropping
    Kattamani -Ipomoea spp.
    Many spp
    Water loving
    Shrub
    Spread through water
    Propagation plant material, seeds
    Erukku - Calotropis gigantea
    Wasteland weeds
    Water loving
    Spread through canal bunds
    Seeds - source of propagation
    Green manure N content
    Green manure
    N content (%)
    Crotolaria juncea
    2.8 3.2
    Sesbania aculeata
    2.6 3.2
    S. rostrata
    3.2 3.4
    S. speciosa
    2.3 3.1
    Phaseolus trilobus
    2.2 2.8
    Tephrosia purpurea
    2.9 3.2

    N accumulation (kg/ha)
    80 130
    130 185
    170 220
    115 160
    85 115
    70 - 115

    Green leaf manure N Content


    Tree
    Botanical name
    Pungam
    Pongania glabra
    Neem
    Azardirachta indica
    Konnai
    Cassia florida
    Glyricidia
    Gliricidia maculata
    Vahai
    Albizzia lebbek
    Erukku
    Calotropis gigantea
    Subabul
    Leucaena lucocephala

    Green manuring
    GM & GLM
    GM part of cropping, requires all inputs

    N (%)
    1.3 1.5
    1.0 1.2
    1.4 1.6
    2.3 2.8
    1.1 1.4
    1.4 1.5
    3.5 3.7

    o GLM it is an input, saves land and time


    GM fixes nutrients and alters the position
    o GLM adds as external
    GM not possible to all the crops
    o GLM possible to all the crops

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