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    Mech Dynamics 14.5 L01 Intro

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    Percy Romero Murillo
    ansys

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    Mech Dynamics 14.5 L01 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Percy Romero Murillo
    105 views18 pages
    ansys

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    ansys

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views18 pages

    Mech Dynamics 14.5 L01 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Percy Romero Murillo
    ansys

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Lecture 1

    Introduction
    14.5 Release

    ANSYS Mechanical
    Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics
    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    Welcome!
    Welcome to the ANSYS Mechanical Dynamics training course!
    This training course covers the procedures required to perform dynamic analyses
    with ANSYS Workbench.
    It is intended for novice and experienced users.
    Course Objectives:
    General understanding of the different types of dynamic analyses.
    Procedure for performing FEA simulations, including modal, harmonic, random vibration, response
    spectrum, and transient structural analyses.

    Several other advanced training courses are available on specific topics.

    See the training course schedule on the ANSYS homepage: www.ansys.com under
    Training Services.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    Course Material
    Workshop descriptions and instructions are included in the Workshop
    Supplement.
    Copies of the workshop files are available on the Customer Portal

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    Introduction to Dynamics
    Topics covered:
    A. Dynamic analysis and its purpose.

    B. Different types of dynamic analyses available in ANSYS Mechanical.


    C. General equation of motion
    D. Basic concepts and terminology.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    A. Definition & Purpose


    Static Structural Analysis:
    Might ensure that the design will withstand steady-state loading
    conditions, but it may not be sufficient, especially if the load varies with
    time.
    Dynamic Structural analysis:
    Used to determine the behavior of structures subjected to loads which
    vary with time.
    Inertia, and possibly damping, of the structure play an important role.
    Dynamics also include the study of free vibrations, i.e., the oscillations
    of a structure after the force causing the motion has been removed.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    . Definition & Purpose


    It is crucial to understand the vibration
    characteristics (free vibrations analysis)
    of a system:

    Vibration characteristics!

    The famous Tacoma Narrows bridge


    (Galloping Gertie) collapsed under
    steady wind loads during a 42-mph
    wind storm on November 7, 1940, just
    four months after construction.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    . Definition & Purpose


    A dynamic analysis usually takes into account one or more of the following:
    free vibrations
    natural vibration frequencies and shapes
    forced vibrations
    e.g. crank shafts, other rotating machinery
    seismic/shock loads
    e.g. earthquake, blast
    random vibrations
    e.g. rocket launch, road transport
    general time-varying loads
    e.g. car crash, hammer blow

    Each situation is handled by a specific type of dynamic analysis.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    B. Types of Dynamic Analyses


    1. Modal Analysis
    Modal analysis is used to determine a structures vibration characteristics, i.e.,
    natural frequencies and mode shapes.
    Consider the following examples:
    An automobile tailpipe assembly could shake apart if its natural frequency matched that
    of the engine. How can you avoid this?
    A turbine blade under stress (centrifugal forces) shows different dynamic behavior.
    How can you account for it?

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    . Types of Dynamic Analyses


    2. Harmonic Analysis
    The harmonic-response analysis is used to determine a structures response to
    steady, harmonic (sinusoidally varying) loads.
    Rotating machines exert steady, alternating forces on bearings and support
    structures. These forces cause different deflections and stresses depending on the
    speed of rotation.

    F(t)

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    Release 14.5

    . Types of Dynamic Analyses


    3. Response Spectrum Analysis
    A response-spectrum analysis can be used to determine how a component responds
    to earthquakes.
    Skyscrapers, power-plant cooling towers, and other structures must withstand
    multiple short-duration transient shock/impact loadings, common in seismic events.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    10

    Release 14.5

    . Types of Dynamic Analyses


    4. Random Vibration Analysis
    A random-vibration analysis can be used to determine how a component responds
    to random vibrations.
    Spacecraft and aircraft components must withstand random loading of varying
    frequencies for a sustained time period.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    11

    Release 14.5

    . Types of Dynamic Analyses


    5. Transient Analysis
    A transient analysis can be used to calculate a structures response to time varying
    loads.
    Consider the following examples:
    An automobile fender should be able to withstand low-speed impact, but deform under
    higher-speed impact.
    A tennis racket frame should be designed to resist the impact of a tennis ball and yet flex
    somewhat.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    12

    Release 14.5

    . Types of Dynamic Analyses


    Choosing the appropriate type of dynamic analysis depends on the
    type of input available and the type of output desired.
    Type

    Input

    Nonlinearity

    o natural frequencies and corresponding


    mode shapes
    o stress/strain profile

    o No

    Harmonic o sinusoidally-varying
    excitations across a
    range of frequencies

    o sinusoidally-varying response at each


    frequency
    o min/max response over frequency range

    o No

    Spectrum o spectrum representing


    the response to a
    specific time history

    o maximum response if the model were


    subjected to the time history

    o No

    Modal

    o none

    Output

    Random

    o spectrum representing
    probability distribution
    of excitation

    o response within specified range of


    probabilities

    o No

    Transient

    o time-varying loads

    o time-varying response

    o Yes

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

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    Release 14.5

    C. General Equation of Motion


    The non-linear governing equation for the Transient Dynamic Analysis is:
    u

    Finertia

    Fdamping

    Fstiffness

    Fapplied



    M u C u K (u )u F t

    [M]: is structural mass matrix


    [C]: is structural damping matrix
    [K]: is structural stiffness matrix
    {F}: is the load vector

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    u : is nodal acceleration vector


    u : is nodal velocity vector
    {u}: is nodal displacement vector
    (t): is time

    14

    Release 14.5

    . General Equation of Motion


    Finertia

    Fdamping

    Fstiffness

    Fapplied



    M u C u K (u )u F t
    Nonlinearity
    Sources of Nonlinearities
    large deflections
    nonlinear contact
    material nonlinearities

    Nonlinearity is allowed only in a full transient analysis with large


    deflection turned ON.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    15

    Release 14.5

    D. Basic concepts and terminology.


    Free Vibration:
    takes place when a system oscillates in the absence of external forces.
    Natural Frequency:
    a system under free vibration will vibrate at its one or more of its natural
    frequencies. A natural frequency is a property of the dynamical system
    established by its mass and stiffness distribution.
    Forced Vibration:
    vibration that takes place under external forces.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

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    Release 14.5

    . Basic concepts and terminology.


    Resonance:
    in forced vibration, when the force is oscillatory, the system is forced to
    oscillate at the excitation frequency. If the frequency of excitation
    coincides with one or more of the natural frequencies, resonance occurs.
    Damping:
    is an energy-dissipation mechanism that causes vibrations to diminish
    over time and eventually stop. If damping is small, it has very small
    influence on the natural frequencies.

    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    17

    Release 14.5

    Workshop 1
    Intro
    (Fly Wheel)

    14.5 Release

    ANSYS Mechanical
    Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics
    2012 ANSYS, Inc.

    March 28, 2013

    18

    Release 14.5

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