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    Coconut Proposal

    Uploaded by

    Ali Dandamun
    The document describes a process for producing ethyl levulinate from coconut coir dust. Coconut coir dust is a waste product from coconut processing that is typically discarded. The process involves acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose in coconut coir dust into sugars, followed by a series of reactions to produce ethyl levulinate. The ethyl levulinate is then extracted and purified through solvent extraction and distillation. Approximately 66.7% of the carbohydrates in the coconut coir dust are expected to be converted to the valuable chemical ethyl levulinate through this process.

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    Coconut Proposal

    Uploaded by

    Ali Dandamun
    848 views6 pages
    The document describes a process for producing ethyl levulinate from coconut coir dust. Coconut coir dust is a waste product from coconut processing that is typically discarded. The process involves acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose in coconut coir dust into sugars, followed by a series of reactions to produce ethyl levulinate. The ethyl levulinate is then extracted and purified through solvent extraction and distillation. Approximately 66.7% of the carbohydrates in the coconut coir dust are expected to be converted to the valuable chemical ethyl levulinate through this process.

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    The document describes a process for producing ethyl levulinate from coconut coir dust. Coconut coir dust is a waste product from coconut processing that is typically discarded. The process involves acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose in coconut coir dust into sugars, followed by a series of reactions to produce ethyl levulinate. The ethyl levulinate is then extracted and purified through solvent extraction and distillation. Approximately 66.7% of the carbohydrates in the coconut coir dust are expected to be converted to the valuable chemical ethyl levulinate through this process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    848 views6 pages

    Coconut Proposal

    Uploaded by

    Ali Dandamun
    The document describes a process for producing ethyl levulinate from coconut coir dust. Coconut coir dust is a waste product from coconut processing that is typically discarded. The process involves acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose in coconut coir dust into sugars, followed by a series of reactions to produce ethyl levulinate. The ethyl levulinate is then extracted and purified through solvent extraction and distillation. Approximately 66.7% of the carbohydrates in the coconut coir dust are expected to be converted to the valuable chemical ethyl levulinate through this process.

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    Simultaneous Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Coir

    Dust in Ethanol Media for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate


    Raw Material: Coconut coir dust
    During

    the

    processing

    of

    the

    thick,

    fibrous

    mesocarp (husks) of the coconut fruit to produce


    coir

    fiber,

    spongy,

    peat

    like

    residue

    is

    simultaneously generated. This waste stream which


    is typically consists of short fibers (<2cm) around
    2%-13% of the total and cork-like particles ranging
    from granules to fine dust are called coir dust. The
    fiber is used for the manufacturing of ropes, carpets, mats and related products
    while the fall off materials (coir dust) remain available as waste stream of no
    industrial value and are normally incinerated or dumped without control (Israel et
    al., 2011).
    Table 1. Typical Chemical Composition of Coconut Husk (Dry Basis)
    OLD
    NUT YOUNG NUT VERY
    YOUNG
    (%)
    (%)
    NUT (%)
    Water soluble substances
    26
    29
    38. 50
    Pectin, others soluble in boiling water
    14. 25
    14. 85
    15. 25
    Hemicelluloses
    8.5
    8.15
    9. 00
    Lignin
    29. 33
    31. 64
    20. 13
    Cellulose
    23. 87
    19. 26
    14. 39
    Reference: Tejano, E. A., 1985

    Intensive researches were currently developed in order to utilize this


    agricultural by-product and in the Philippines, the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA)
    in Diliman, Quezon City took the major step in exploiting the potential of coir dust.
    Among these were extended fillers for plywood adhesives ( Chan, F.D., 1985),
    cement additives (Lauricio, F.M., 1984), biosorbent (Manas et al., 1990), particle
    board (Mari, E. L., 1985)

    In 2012, the Philippines exported more than 1.5-million metric tonnes of


    copra, coconut oil, copra meal, desiccated coconut, coco shell charcoal, activated
    carbon and coco chemicals, a slight 1.49 per cent increase compared to the volume
    exported in 2011. There are 3.5 million hectares dedicated to coconut production in
    the Philippines, which accounts for 25 per cent of total agricultural land in the
    country. The Philippines ranks near the top in global coconut production with over
    15 billion nuts produced per year (Philippine Coconut Authority, 2012). For coconut
    farm producing 10,000 nuts annualy has the potential of 3,600 kg of husks and
    2,300 kg of coir dust (Philippine Coconut Authority, 2001). From this figure, a total of
    3.45 x 109 kg coir dust can be produced and this quantity is of great significance for
    the said waste stream to be utilized into useful products.

    Cellulose and hemicellulose fraction of this biomass feedstock (old nut


    is much preferred, see Table 1) was the main properties needed for the
    production of ethyl levulinate. This fraction will produce value-added sugar,
    glucose and hexose, respectively that will undergone through series of acidcatalyzed reaction in an ethanol media in order to produce ethyl levulinate.
    List of Coconut Processing Industry in the Philippines
    SC Global Food Products Inc.
    Peter Paul Philippine Corp.
    Address (office): 2601 Jollibee Plaza

    Address: Barrio Pahinga, Candelaria,

    Building, F. Ortigas Jr. Road, Ortigas

    Quezon Province

    Center, Pasig City, Philippines 1605

    Telephone: (02) 633-5978/ 79

    Telephone: (632) 635-4020

    (02) 633-6391/ 92

    Fax: (632) 635-4007

    Fax: (02) 633-9883/ 84


    Email: [email protected]

    United

    Coconut

    Chemicals,

    Inc.

    Tantuco Enterprises, Inc.

    (COCOCHEM)

    Address:

    663 J. Rizal Street cor. C.

    Address: CAIP-SEZ San Antonio, San

    Castanada

    Street,

    Pascual Batangas, Philippines

    Philippines 1501

    Trunkline: (6343) 727-1511

    Telephone: (632) 531-9071 - 74

    (6343) 984-1602-03
    Email: www.cocochem.ph

    Mandaluyong

    Fax: (632) 532-1722


    Email:[email protected]/
    [email protected]

    City,

    Reference: PLDT yellow pages

    Experimental Flow Chart

    Coconut Coir Dust Collection


    and Chemicals Preparation

    Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of
    Coconut Coir Dust on
    Ethanol Media

    Pre-Conditioning of Raw
    Material

    Drying of Conditioned
    Coconut Coir Dust
    Testing for the Composition of
    Dried Bagasse, TGA
    Centrifugation for the Removal of
    Insoluble Materials, Humins
    Testing of the Solution
    Components by HPLC

    Solvent Extraction

    Acid Catalyst and Solvent is


    Recovered via Evaporation and
    Recycled back to the Process

    Purification of Ethyl
    Levulinate

    Quality Product Assurance

    Coconut coir dust was collected and washed to remove adhering dirt and
    sand and undergone size reduction. Testing, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis

    (TGA),

    is

    employed

    to

    determine

    the

    chemical

    composition

    (cellulose,

    hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash).


    Simultaneous acid-catalyzed reaction will be employed. The first phase
    will be the delignification of the biomass feedstock via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in
    order to remove the lignin content of the material. The cellulose and hemicelluloses
    content will be synthesized by the same acid catalyst to yield glucose and hexose,
    respectively. These sugars will then undergone dehydration reaction to produce 5hydroxymethylfurfural and by decomposition reaction will yield levulinic acid, an
    intermediate chemical in the production of ethyl levulinate. Each run of tests started
    the ethanol medium heated to a salt bath to the desired temperature. After a
    specified reaction time, the reaction was terminated by rapid immersion of the
    reactor into a cool, ice water bath. The liquid phase was separated from the solids
    by filtration. Afterward, a sample was neutralized and subsequently centrifuged to
    obtain a particle-free solution. The composition of the particle-free solution was
    determined (using high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC).
    The aqueous mixture containing the acid catalyst and ethyl levulinate
    is then contacted with a water-immiscible solvent to obtain the extract containing
    the product and raffinate having the acid catalyst. The latter will be recycled to be
    used in the hydrolysis of raw material. The extraction solvent is separated from the
    ethyl levulinate by evaporating it and collecting its condensate, and recycling back
    to extraction column. Further concentration and purification of ethyl levulinate is
    carried out in a fractionation unit (vacuum distillation). Almost two-third (approx.
    66.67% conversion) of the carbohydrate content of the feedstock is expected to
    be converted to ethyl levulinate, the remaining is for the formation of insoluble
    material, humins.

    Bibliography
    Chan, F. D., (1985). Development of Extender Filler for Plywood Adhesives
    from Coconut Coir Dust. Terminal Report. FPRDI.

    Lauricio, F. M., (1984). Utilization of Coconut Coirdust as Building Material


    (Hollow Block). Terminal Report. FPRDI.

    Manas, A. E., M. S. S., Romana, and A. S. Torres, (1990). Utilization Coconut Coir
    Dust for Water Treatment and Recovery of Heavy Metals. Terminal Report.
    FPRDI.
    Mari, E. L., (1985). Development Coco-Coil' Dust Wood Particle board by
    Graft Polymerization. Terminal Report. FPRDI.

    Philippine Coconut Authority. Official Page. www.pca.da.gov.ph/


    Philippine Coconut Authority (2001).

    Utilization of Cocopeat

    in Coconut

    Production. Zamboanga Research Center, Davao City.


    Tejano, E.A.,(1985). State of the Art of Coconut Coir Dust and Husk
    Utilization. Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies, Quezon City.
    Xu, G.Z, C. Chang, W. Zhu, B. Li, X. Ma and F. Du (2013) A Comparative Study on
    the Direct Production of Ethyl Levulinate from Glucose in Ethanol Media
    Catalyzed by Different Acid Catalyst.
    http://link.springer.com/article/10.2478%2Fs11696-013-0410-0#page-1

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