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Measuring Angles by Repetition

The document describes measuring angles using a theodolite through repetition. Angles are measured multiple times and averaged to increase precision. Measurements are taken between points A, B and C to form a triangle. Corrections are applied to measurements to ensure angle sums are 360° at stations and 180° for the triangle. Repetition improves accuracy over a single measurement.

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Joycelyn Uy
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95 views5 pages

Measuring Angles by Repetition

The document describes measuring angles using a theodolite through repetition. Angles are measured multiple times and averaged to increase precision. Measurements are taken between points A, B and C to form a triangle. Corrections are applied to measurements to ensure angle sums are 360° at stations and 180° for the triangle. Repetition improves accuracy over a single measurement.

Uploaded by

Joycelyn Uy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering
Visayas State University
Baybay, Leyte
GEng 111, Exercise 8

MEASURING ANGLES BY REPETITION


TITLE
Name: Joycelyn H. Uy
15, 2012
Course and Year: BSCE-3
2012
I

Date Performed: August 13Date Submitted: August 22,

Introduction:
The method of repetition is used to measure the
horizontal angle to a finer degree of accuracy than that
obtainable with the least count of the vernier. By this
method an angle is measured two (or) more time by
allowed the vernier to remain clamped each time at the
end of each measurement of the previous station. Thus an
angle reading is mechanically repetitions. The average
horizontal angle is then obtained by dividing the final
reading by number of repetitions.

II

Objectives:
1 To learn how to measure precisely horizontal angles by
the principle of repetition.

III

Instruments:
Theodolite or engineers transit, pegs and hubs, range
poles

IV

Procedure:
1 The instructor assigned points that define the vertices of a
triangle. These points were called A, B, and C.
2 The theodolite was set up and leveled at point A. The
interior angle (angle 1) was measured in two repetitions, as
follows:

a. The upper and lower clamps were released and


the horizontal scales were adjusted by turning on its
spindle until the horizontal circle reading is zero.
b. The upper and lower clamps were tightened and
the upper tangent screw was turned until the index
reading is exactly zero.
c. The lower clamp was released and the telescope
was sighted in (direct position) approximately to the
preceding point (point B). The lower tangent screw
was used to little adjustments.

d. The upper clamp was released and sighted to the


succeeding point (point C) then, the upper clamp was
closed. The upper tangent screw was used to little
adjustments. The horizontal reading was already on
the horizontal circle.
e. The lower clamp was opened and sighted back on
the preceding point (point B). The clamp was
tightened and the line of sight was set exactly on the
point using the lower tangent screw.
f. The upper clamp was opened, and then the
succeeding point (point C) was sighted again. The
upper clamp was tightened. The sum of the first two
turning of the angle was already on the horizontal
circle. The process on e and f above was repeated
for the desired number of repetitions (in this
exercise, two repetitions). So, the e and f was
repeated once.
g. After the interior angle at corner A was measured,
the corresponding exterior angle (angle 2) was also
measured by similar number of repetitions.
h. All values were then recorded in the engineers
field notebook.
V

Results and Discussion:


Table 1. Station adjustment

STATION

A
B

ANGLE
1
2
SUM
1
2

MEASURED
AVERAGE
VALUE
48 19 20
31137 30
359 56 50
58 1 30
301 58 40

SUM
360 0 10
1
73 37 45
C
2
286 21 45
SUM
359 59 30
Table 2. Figure adjustment
TRIANGL
E

ANGLE
1

VALUE FROM
STATION
ADJUSMENT
48 20 55

ABC

CORRECTI
ON
+ 1 35
- 5

+ 15

58 1 25

73 38 0

SUM

180 0 20

48 20 55
31139 5
360 0 0
58 1 25
301 58
35
360 0 0
73 38 0
286 22 0
360 0 0

CORRECT ADJUSTED
ION
VALUE
- 6.67

ADJUSTED
VALUE

48 20
48.33
58 1
18.33
73 37
53.34
180 0 0

Table 1 shows the adjustments of station A, B, & C. We get the


value of the first reading of angle 1 in station A by sighting the
telescope in direct position to the preceding point (point B) with a
reading of 48190. After upper clamp was released, the telescope
was sighted in direct position to the succeeding point (point C)
doubling the angle with a reading of 963840, this reading was then
divided by two obtaining the final reading of angle 1 which is found to
be 481920. And for the 2nd angle, the telescope was sighted back on
the preceding point (point B) and a reading of 3113940 was
obtained, then the succeeding point (point C) was sighted again having
a value of 263150, adding 1 revolution to it will double the angle
which means you have divide their sum by two to get the final reading
of angle 2 which in our data reads 3113730. The sum of the 1 st and
2nd angle in each station must be equal to 360.
Corrections are unavoidable in every field work. In our data
shown above, the sum of the measured average value of angles 1 and
2 was only 3595650 which has a discrepancy of 310. This
discrepancy is divided by the number of angles occupied, which is the
1st and 2nd angle or simply 2 angles. Then we get 135 as the
correction. Applying the correction, finally, we got the adjusted value of
the angles which has a sum of exactly 360. This reflects perfect
closure. The process mentioned was just repeated for the desired
angles of station B & C.
Table 2 shows the figure adjustments. We needed the interior
angles in each station which marked as angle 1, 3 & 5. The sum of
these angles must be equal to 180 from the formula (# of stations2)x(180). In the table above, we got 180020 as the sum of all
interior angles so we got 20 of discrepancy. Dividing it by the 3 angles
involved, and then we got -6.67 of correction. Operating this, adjusted
values of the included angles are now obtained.

VI

Conclusion:
The horizontal angle between the point A, B, and C was
found out by the method of repetitions using theodolite and
found as 48 20 48.33, 58 1 18.33, and 73 37 53.34,
respectively. The sum of these angles is equal to 180 which
indicates a perfect closure.

VII

Sketch:

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