AB1011-Module pool Programming-

v1.0

India SAP CoE, Slide 1

Module pool programming
1 Introduction

2 Syntax Description

3 Demonstration

4 Exercises

5 HelpMe
India SAP CoE, Slide 2
 Module Pool program.

Module Pool Program (also called Online programs , dialog programs,

or transactions) do not produces lists. These programs are a collection
of screens, their Flow Logic, and the code within the main ABAP
program.

A dialog program offers:

• A user-friendly user interface

• Format and consistency checks for the data entered by the user
• Easy correction of input errors
• Access to data by storing it in the database.

India SAP CoE, Slide 3

Purpose
For performing any kind of task in SAP R/3 system, a transaction is used.
SAP provides a standard set of transactions to manipulate data in the
system. But sometimes, the need to create a customer specific transaction
arise due to following reasons :

 Standard SAP may not support that task.

 A particular transaction needs to be customized to suit the customer
requirements .

A transaction (also called module pool programs, dialog programs) is

defined as a collection of screens (the actual, physical image that the users
sees), their Flow Logic (code behind the screens ), and the code within the
main ABAP program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 4

Creating an Online Program

Online program name

must begin with either a
“Y” or “Z”.

Program Attributes
“With TOP INCL.” Title
should be checked.
Type “M”
Go back to Repository
Browser, not source
code. Application

India SAP CoE, Slide 5

Module Pool Program Components

ABAP Top Include

PBO Modules

PAI Modules
Subroutines

India SAP CoE, Slide 6

Module Pool Program

• An online program consists not only of the screens and their Flow Logic,
but also ABAP program components: Global data, PBO modules, PAI
modules, and subroutines.

• Global data: It is declared in the Top Include program.

• PBO and PAI modules: It contain the main processing logic of online
program and are “called” from within the Flow Logic of the screens.

• The subroutines (if necessary) are in a separate include program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 7

Executing an Online Program

F8
Transaction Code

Transaction
Program Name Initial Screen
Text

required required required

India SAP CoE, Slide 8

Module pool programming
1 Introduction

2 Syntax description

3 Demonstration

4 Exercises

5 HelpMe
India SAP CoE, Slide 9
Tools used:
When creating an module pool program, you will use many tools within
the ABAP Development Workbench: Screen Painter, ABAP Editor,
Menu Painter, ABAP Dictionary, and Repository Browser.

• ABAP Editor (SE38) – To maintain main ABAP program. Program

contains data declarations and modules.
IBM Global Services

Developing Online Programs

Screen Painter ABAP Editor

Repository Browser

Menu Painter
ABAP Dictionary

Slide 2 Online Programming | 2.01 | August -2003 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003

India SAP CoE, Slide 10

Tools used:
•Screen Painter(SE51)– used to maintain components of screen.
•Menu Painter(SE41) – Used to design GUI.

•Maintain Transaction(SE93) – To create transaction code for program.

•Object Navigator (Repository Browser)(SE80) - You should always use

the object navigator for online programs because you will be able to see the
hierarchy. From this hierarchy list, you will be able to branch to the Screen
Painter, ABAP Editor, Menu Painter, and ABAP Dictionary.

•You should always use the Repository Browser to create online programs
because the system will automatically maintain an online program’s sub-
objects and you will be able to see the hierarchy list of these sub-objects.
From this hierarchy list, you will be able to branch to the Screen Painter,
ABAP Editor, Menu Painter, and ABAP Dictionary.

India SAP CoE, Slide 11

Creating a Program
• Create a program using transaction SE38. Program name as Z_MODULE_TRAINING.
• Program type should be Module Pool. Save and activate the program.

• Use object navigator(SE80) to further develop the object.

India SAP CoE, Slide 12

Program Structure
• Module pool program when viewed from SE80 transaction will have
structure as below,

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Assigning transaction code
• Dialog program is executed using transaction code. We can not execute
this like normal report using execute or pressing F8 button.

• Transaction is created using SE93 transaction or from object browser by

right clicking on transaction, click on create. Give name and description
and select the radio button Program and screen (dialog transaction)

India SAP CoE, Slide 14

Use of Screen
• Screen is a interface between user and SAP.

• Using screen user can provide input to program and in turn program will
display result on screen.

• Screen is made up of screen elements such as text box, input/output

field, check box, radio button etc.

• One of the strength is that screen elements are combined with the
ABAP dictionary to allow check the consistency of the data that user
has entered.

India SAP CoE, Slide 15

Screen Painter
• To start the Screen Painter, choose the corresponding pushbutton on the
initial screen of the ABAP Workbench or enter Transaction SE51.

• Best practice is to go to transaction SE80, enter program name and you

can perform one of the below,

1. Create new screens.

2. Test an existing screen.

3. Create new components for an existing screen.

• Screen is always created for an existing program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 16

Overview of Screen Painter

Screen
Screen Painter Attributes

Screen
Layout

Field
Attributes
Flow Logic

India SAP CoE, Slide 17

Developing Screen
• From Object navigator (SE80) we can create the screen as shown,
• Click on Screen, right click and select create option.
• Now enter screen number.

India SAP CoE, Slide 18

Developing Screen
Screen numbers can be up to 4 characters long, all of which must be
digits.

The number 1000 is reserved for table screens and report selection
screen.

Screen numbers from 9000 are reserved for customer-specific screens.

The use of screen numbers is namespace-dependent.

For screens in programs in the SAP namespace, numbers less than 9000
are reserved for SAP screens, numbers between 9000 and 9500 are
reserved for SAP partners, and numbers greater than 9500 are for
customers.

India SAP CoE, Slide 19

Developing Screen

• For screens in programs in the Customize namespace, any four digit

number can be used as screen number except 1000 as mentioned above.

• Usual practice is to have screen numbers for customize module pool

program, starting with 100 then continue as 200, 300 etc.

• Enter screen number and click on create.

India SAP CoE, Slide 20

Developing Screen
Enter description and save.
Check the screen and activate it.

India SAP CoE, Slide 21

Screen Attributes

• Short description – Describes screen purpose

• Original language – Default logon language

• Package – Identifies the package with which screen is saved

• Last changed on/by – Date & time screen is last changed

• Last generation – Date & time screen is last generated.

India SAP CoE, Slide 22

Screen Attributes
Screen Type –
• Normal – Default setting

• Subscreen – To indicate the screen as a subscreen

• Modal dialog box – used to display details in a dialog box. Used for data
input, confirmation/error/help messages.

• Selection screen – Identifies selection screen. The system sets this

attribute automatically.

Settings
• Hold data – On checking this, system can hold entries made on the
screen at runtime. System automatically displays this data if the user calls
the particular screen again.

India SAP CoE, Slide 23

Screen Attributes
Settings
• Switch off runtime compress – On setting this option, the screen is not
compressed at runtime.

• Template non executable – This attribute is primarily for internal use by

SAP.

• Hold scroll position – On setting the attribute, the scroll position is

retained when the user returns to the screen after processing another
screen.

• Without application tool bar – To suppress the display of the application

toolbar belonging to the current program status.

Other Attributes
• Next Screen – Next screen number to be displayed.

India SAP CoE, Slide 24

Screen Attributes
Other Attributes
• Cursor position – Identifies the screen element that contains the cursor when a
screen is first displayed. If you leave this field blank, the system uses the first
screen field that can accept input.

• Screen group – Specifies a four-character identifier of a group of associated

screens.

• Line/Columns –
Occupied – Specifies the size of the screen area currently occupied with
screen elements
Maintained – Size of the screen in rows/columns.

• Context menu – It will hold a routine name required to set up the context
menu in the program. This routine connects the screen (elements) from the
Screen Painter to the context menu of the program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 25

Screen Layout Mode

The Screen Painter has a layout editor that you use to design your screen
layout.

It works in two modes:

• Graphical mode – Drag and drop interface is used, similar to a drawing

tool.

• Alphanumeric mode – Keyboard and menus are used for designing.

Both modes offer the same functions but use different interfaces. Graphical
mode of screen designing is commonly used.

India SAP CoE, Slide 26

Screen Designing
• We have learnt about creating a screen.
• To start screen design, click on layout button on screen.
• Graphical Screen painter will start loading.

India SAP CoE, Slide 27

Components of Layout Editor
• Element palette – Used for creating screen elements. These can be drag
& dropped on screen.

• Work Area – Screen design is done in this area.

• Element bar – screen element attributes appear in this line. You can also
change these attributes in the corresponding field.

India SAP CoE, Slide 28

Radio Button

Creating Radio Button

•Click on the Radio Button Icon and Click on the Screen.

•Create at least two Radio Buttons
•Name the Radio Buttons and Activate it.

India SAP CoE, Slide 29

Defining Radio Button Group
Assign Radio Buttons into one
Group.

Select the Radio Buttons

and Follow the steps.

India SAP CoE, Slide 30

Check Box

Creating Check Box

Name the Check box

• Click on the Check Box Icon and Click on the Screen.

• Name the Check Box and Activate it.
• Special input/output fields that the user can either select (value ‘X’) or
deselect (value SPACE). Checkbox elements can be linked with
function codes.
India SAP CoE, Slide 31
Screen Components
• Screen element properties can be seen in
detail by double clicking on the element.

• Properties of an element can be set here,

such as variable length, F4 help,
input/output, mode of display etc.

• Best practice is to define screen elements

by adopting the corresponding field from
the ABAP Dictionary. However, you can
also use field descriptions that you defined
in your program. To do this you must
generate the program first.

India SAP CoE, Slide 32

Screen Elements
Screen elements are,
• Text field
• Input/Output field Each element will have unique name.
• Check box
• Radio button Function code will be assigned for push
• Push button buttons, tab titles in tab strip controls,
• Tab strip Input/output fields with the "Dropdown box"
• Box attribute.
• Sub screen area
• Table control Each element will have its position on
• Custom control screen, visible/definite length, mode of
• Status Icon display etc.

India SAP CoE, Slide 33

Screen Elements
Push Button –
• Can be placed on screen by drag
& drop from Element palette.

• To set the properties, double

click on it.

• Each screen element should

have unique name.

• In addition to that push button

will have text and function code
assigned to it.

India SAP CoE, Slide 34

 Screen Elements
Program Tab is Selected

Choose if want to Make the Field Mandatory

Tick If Input or Output Box

Entries in (*********)

Function Code for Push Buttons, check box, Radio Button

Dict. Tab is Selected

Assign Parameter ID to Input / Output Field

India SAP CoE, Slide 35

Screen Elements
Once screen is designed, it should be saved and checked for errors and activated.
Screen looks as below,

Input Box

India SAP CoE, Slide 36

Testing Screen
• Screen can tested by executing F8 or click on button

India SAP CoE, Slide 37

Testing Screen

India SAP CoE, Slide 38

Flow Logic

• Default flow logic for any screen is generated as shown below,

India SAP CoE, Slide 39

Menu Painter
• In all programs GUI consists of a menu bar, a standard toolbar, an
application toolbar and title bar.
• A program’s GUI is created in Menu Painter.
• To Create a Menu for a screen, in flow logic uncomment MODULE
STATUS_0400. in PBO event

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

MODULE STATUS_0400.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
* MODULE USER_COMMAND_0400.

India SAP CoE, Slide 40

Menu Painter
• Now double click on STATUS_0400. A pop up window will appear. Click
on Yes.

• Module will be created as below,

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Module STATUS_0400 OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
module STATUS_0400 output.
* SET PF-STATUS 'xxxxxxxx'.
* SET TITLEBAR 'xxx'.
• endmodule. " STATUS_0400 OUTPUT

India SAP CoE, Slide 41

Menu Painter

• Uncomment the line SET PF-STATUS 'xxxxxxxx'. and replace

'xxxxxxxx‘ with name ‘STATUS_400’.

• Click on STATUS_400. Click Yes on the pop-up.

India SAP CoE, Slide 42

Menu Painter
• Enter description and choose the status type as Normal screen which is
default.

India SAP CoE, Slide 43

Menu Painter
• Click on to expand the menu bar, application toolbar and function
keys.
• System and Help are default in menu bar

India SAP CoE, Slide 44

Creating Menu bar

• To create a user defined menu enter the name of the menu and double
click on it. We can define options for the menu here as below,

India SAP CoE, Slide 45

Creating Application Tool bar

• Application tool bar can also be created in same way as menu bar.

India SAP CoE, Slide 46

Assigning function keys

• We can assign code to existing function keys. Only keys for which code
is assigned will be active. We can see this when the menu painter is
executed.

India SAP CoE, Slide 47

Execution
• We can test the menu painter by clicking on F8 key or execute button

• Enter a screen number and title if you want to simulate a whole screen.
If you do not enter a screen number, the system simulates the status
using an empty test screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 48

Execution

• Output as below, New Menu is added, Find Item in Application tool bar,
Save, Back & Print button on standard tool bar enabled.

India SAP CoE, Slide 49

More on Flow Logic

• Flow logic refers to code behind the screens. It is the code that processes
a screen.

• Flow Logic commands are different than ABAP commands

(e.g., IF … ENDIF is not valid in Flow Logic).

• Dynamic Processor (DYNPRO) controls the flow logic and prepares

data to be displayed on the screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 50

More on Flow Logic
• Each screen has its own Flow Logic which is divided into four main events:

• PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT (PBO) - event processed before the

screen is displayed.
• PROCESS AFTER INPUT (PAI) - event processed after the user has
invoked a function code (e.g., clicked on a pushbutton) or pressed the
‘Enter’ key.
• Process on Value Request (POV) - Triggered when the user requests
Value help (F4)
• Process on Value Request (POH) - Triggered when the user requests
field help (F1)

• Each screen must be generated. If you make a change to any component of a

screen, the screen must be re-generated before execution.

India SAP CoE, Slide 51

Keywords supported
• Keywords supported by flow logic events are as below,
Keyword Function

MODULE Calls a dialog module in an ABAP program

FIELD Specifies the point at which the contents of a screen
field should be transported
ON Used in conjunction with FIELD
VALUES Used in conjunction with FIELD
CHAIN Starts a processing chain
ENDCHAIN Ends a processing chain
CALL Calls a sub screen
LOOP Starts processing a screen table
ENDLOOP Stops processing a screen table

India SAP CoE, Slide 52

PBO Event
• By default the module created in PBO event will be like
MODULE STATUS_<screen number>
Ex:-MODULE STATUS_0100.

• This module will be processed before the screen is displayed.

• By default this module will be commented. To use this uncomment and double
click on it to get the module created.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Module STATUS_0100 OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
module STATUS_0100 output.
* SET PF-STATUS ‘XXX'.
* SET TITLEBAR 'xxx'.
endmodule. " STATUS_0100 OUTPUT

India SAP CoE, Slide 53

PBO Event

• Menu bar and title bar can be set in this module.

Menu Bar-
• To set menu bar uncomment the SET PF_STATUS and give a name to
status as ,
SET PF-STATUS 'STATUS100'.

• Double click on STATUS100 and click yes to create GUI status.

India SAP CoE, Slide 54

PBO Event
Title Bar
• To assign a title uncomment SET TITLEBAR and give a name as,
SET TITLEBAR 'TITLE100'.

• Double click on TITLE100 and click yes to create GUI title. Enter title as
below and click on , save and activate.

• Once all the modules in the PBO block are processed, the system copies
the content of the fields in the ABAP work area to their corresponding
fields in the screen work area.

India SAP CoE, Slide 55

PAI Event
• Default module in PAI event will be
MODULE USER_COMMAND_<screen number>.
Ex:- MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

• This event is triggered once the user invokes function code or presses Enter
key on the screen.

• System variable SY-UCOMM will hold the function code assigned to the
screen elements (push button, radio button, check box etc).

• Within the above module code has to written to branch to group of code
based on the function code from SY-UCOMM.

• The system copies the contents of the fields in the screen work area to their
corresponding fields in the ABAP work area once user clicks Enter key on
screen or any function code is invoked.

India SAP CoE, Slide 56

PAI Event- Sample Code
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Module USER_COMMAND_0100 INPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
CASE sy-ucomm.
WHEN 'ENT'.

SELECT ebeln ebelp bukrs

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_po
FROM ekpo
WHERE ebeln = po_no.

WHEN 'BCK'.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 0.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE. " USER_COMMAND_0100 INPUT

India SAP CoE, Slide 57

Includes

• To have structured way of code it is best practice to have includes.

• There should be a TOP include which will have the data declarations.

• Include for PBO modules, include for PAI modules.

• Include for POV and POH modules if any.

India SAP CoE, Slide 58

Includes
• To create include right click on object name, select Include from the
Create menu.

India SAP CoE, Slide 59

Includes
• We can gave the include names as Z<Program>_TOP, Z<Program>_PBO,
Z<Program>_PAI. This will help to understand which modules are covered in each include.

• Each include program will insert a include statement in the main program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 60

Message Statement
• The “MESSAGE” statement is used to issue user messages.

• Syntax is MESSAGE <tnnn> [WITH <var1> <var2> <var3> <var4>].

t – Message type
nnn –Message Number
WITH – This is optional. It is needed if variables are used in a message.
A message can contain up to four variables, indicated with an
ampersand (&) in the message text.

• We can code the Message statement in the PAI event.

India SAP CoE, Slide 61

Message Types
• S: success

• I: information I
• A: abend

• X: exit

• W: warning

• E: error X

The message type determines where the message is displayed and what
action the user can or must take on the current screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 62

Messages
• Success message is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

• If you have next screen then the message will be displayed at the bottom
of the next screen.

• Information message is displayed in a dialog box in same screen.

• After pressing Enter key on dialog box user will be taken to next screen.
The user is not restricted from going on to the next screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 63

Messages
• Abend message is displayed on the current screen in a dialog box.
• The user cannot make any changes to the values on the current screen.
• After pressing the ‘Enter’ key on the dialog box, transaction will be
terminated.

• Exit message is identical to the ABEND message except that the transaction is
terminated with a short dump instead of the message in a dialog box.

• WARNING message is displayed at the bottom of the current screen.

• On pressing the ‘Enter’ key on the current screen, the user will be taken to the
next screen even if no changes were made on the current screen . Thus user is
not restricted from going on to the next screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 64

Messages
• ERROR message is displayed at the bottom of the current screen.

• The user must make changes to the values on the current screen.

• On pressing the ‘Enter’ key on the current screen, the user will be taken
to the next screen only if the appropriate corrections were made on the
current screen.

• If no corrections were made, the error message would be redisplayed at

the bottom of the current screen.

• When a warning or error message is triggered the system will stop at

current screen, prompting the user to make corrections. However the
input fields on the screen will be disabled for input.

India SAP CoE, Slide 65

Handling Error messages
• There are 2 ways to issue error/warning messages.

– Issue an error or warning message with the Flow Logic SELECT statement.
– Define valid values for a screen field with the Flow Logic VALUES statement.

• FIELD statement is a Flow Logic command, not an ABAP command.

• The purpose of the “FIELD” statement is to keep a single screen field open for
input after an error or warning message is issued.

• FIELD statement is used in PAI event.

• Syntax is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module name>.

India SAP CoE, Slide 66

FIELD with select statement
• Screen field can be validated against entry in database table.

• To validate Purchase order number in PAI module,

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
field PO_NO module PO_CHECK.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

Module PO_CHECK is as below,

module paycheck input.
data: lv_ebeln type ekko-ebeln.
select single ebeln into lv_ebeln
from ekko where ebeln = PO_NO.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
message e003(Z6).
endif.
endmodule. " po_check INPUT

India SAP CoE, Slide 67

Error for invalid input
• Error for Purchase order when invalid number is entered.

India SAP CoE, Slide 68

FIELD with Values Check
• The Flow Logic VALUES statement defines a set of valid values for the
screen field specified in the FIELD statement.

• If the value entered in this field is not in the valid set, an error message
will be issued by the system.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
field PO_NO values ('1', '100').

• This indicates PO_NO can take input as either 1 or 100. For any other
value system will through error and the field will be open for input.

• With VALUES parameter for field, we can get a list of possible values
by clicking on the drop-down arrow of the screen fields or pressing the
‘F4’ key. It will list the values mentioned.

India SAP CoE, Slide 69

Values option

• PO_NO with values 1 and 100.

India SAP CoE, Slide 70

CHAIN Statement
• To keep multiple screen fields open for input after an error or warning
message is displayed, you need to use the “CHAIN” and “ENDCHAIN”
Flow Logic commands.

• These statements group the “FIELD” statements and the “MODULE”

statements together.
• The basic syntax of these statements is:
CHAIN.
FIELD: <f1>, <f 2>,...
MODULE <mod1>.
FIELD: <g1>, <g 2>,...
MODULE <mod2>.
...
ENDCHAIN.

• If an error or warning message is issued in <module name>, all the screen

fields listed in the “FIELD” statements will be open for input.

India SAP CoE, Slide 71

Cursor Position

• By default, the cursor will be positioned in the first field open for
input on a screen.
• Cursor position can be changed in two ways –
1. By setting the cursor position in PBO event-
Syntax - SET CURSOR FIELD <field name>
Cursor will be placed on the screen field mentioned.

2. Cursor position in screen attributes-

Mention the field name where cursor to be placed on screen
in cursor position attribute .

India SAP CoE, Slide 72

Screen commands

• The LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and

calls the subsequent screen.

• When the system encounters the “SET SCREEN <screen #>”

ABAP statement, it temporarily overrides the “Next Screen”
attribute with this <screen #> and the PAI processing
continues. After all PAI modules are executed, the system
goes to the PBO event of
<screen #>.

India SAP CoE, Slide 73

Screen commands
• “LEAVE TO SCREEN <screen #>” ABAP statement,
terminates the screen’s PAI event and immediately goes to the
PBO of <screen #>.

• The “LEAVE TO SCREEN <screen #> statement performs the

functionality of two statements: “SET SCREEN <screen #>“
and “LEAVE SCREEN”.

• “CALL SCREEN <screen #>” ABAP statement, temporarily

suspends the current screen’s PAI processing and immediately
goes to the PBO event of <screen #>. When control returns back
to the “calling” screen, its PAI processing will resume.

India SAP CoE, Slide 74

More on PAI modules
All modules listed in the PAI event get executed from top to bottom.

• We can control the execution of the modules using additions to

MODULE.

• Additions are,
 ON INPUT
 ON REQUEST
 AT EXIT-COMMAND
 AT CURSOR-SELECTION

India SAP CoE, Slide 75

ON INPUT
• With the “ON INPUT” addition to the “MODULE” statement, a module will be executed
only if the specified field’s value is not equal to the initial value appropriate to its data type

• Ex- blanks for character fields and zeroes for numeric fields.

• The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic command is:

– FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module> ON INPUT.

– The PAI <module> will be executed only if the value in <screen field> is not equal to its
initial value.

– The “ON INPUT” addition must be used with a “FIELD” statement because this
condition depends on the value of a particular field.

India SAP CoE, Slide 76

ON REQUEST
• With the “ON REQUEST”, a module will be executed only if a value has been entered in
the specified field since the screen was displayed.

• The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic command is:
FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module> ON REQUEST.

– The PAI <module> will be executed only if a value was entered in <screen field>
since the screen was displayed.

– The “ON REQUEST” addition must be used with a “FIELD” statement because this
condition depends on the value of a particular field.

• If you want to conditionally execute a module that is coded within a

“CHAIN … ENDCHAIN”, you must use “ON CHAIN-REQUEST”.

India SAP CoE, Slide 77

AT EXIT-COMMAND

• With the “AT EXIT-COMMAND” addition to the “MODULE”

statement, a module will be executed only if the user invokes a
function code with the ‘E’ function type.

• Function type assigning is explained in slide 73.

• The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic

command is:
MODULE <module> AT EXIT-COMMAND.

India SAP CoE, Slide 78

AT EXIT-COMMAND

– The PAI <module> will be executed only if the user invokes a

FUNCTION type ‘E’.

– The “AT EXIT-COMMAND” addition cannot be used with a

“FIELD” statement.

• If the user invokes a type ‘E’ function code, a module with the “AT
EXIT-COMMAND” addition will be executed immediately.

• It will be executed even before the automatic field checks.

India SAP CoE, Slide 79

Assigning Function type
• Function type can be
assigned for screen
buttons and for menu
painter keys.

• In menu painter, click

on the required key. In
the pop-up window
select function type as
‘E’ from drop down.

India SAP CoE, Slide 80

AT CURSOR-SELECTION

• You can specify that a module should only be called if the cursor is
positioned on a particular screen element.

• Syntax - MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION.

• The module <mod> is called whenever the function code of the user
action is CS with function type S.

• The module is called in the sequence in which it occurs in the flow logic.
• It does not bypass the automatic input checks.

India SAP CoE, Slide 81

AT CURSOR-SELECTION

• You can also combine this MODULE statement with the FIELD
statement:
FIELD <f> MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION.

• For more than one field:

CHAIN.
FIELD: <f1>, <f 2>,...
MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION.
ENDCHAIN.

India SAP CoE, Slide 82

Modifying Screen Fields
• All fields of the current screen are stored in the system table SCREEN with
their attributes.

• The LOOP AT SCREEN statement places this information in the header

line of the system table.

• We can modify the attributes of the fields and update the screen table using
MODIFY SCREEN.
• Sample code:
loop at screen.
if screen-name = 'GV_MATNR'.
screen-input = 1.
modify screen.
endif.
endloop.

India SAP CoE, Slide 83

Modifying Screen Fields
• You can dynamically modify the following attributes of a field:
– ACTIVE
– REQUIRED
– INPUT
– OUTPUT
– INTENSIFIED
– INVISIBLE
– LENGTH
– DISPLAY 3D
– VALUE HELP

• A field attribute is turned “on” with a value of 1. It is turned “off” with a value
of 0.

• The statements LOOP AT SCREEN ... ENDLOOP define a loop around a

statement block.

India SAP CoE, Slide 84

Logical Unit of Work (LUW)
Screen Screen Screen
1 2 3
SELECT A
UPDATE A DELETE B
SELECT B

Database Database
Database
Transaction Transaction
Transaction

• LUW refers to a collection of actions performed at the database level as a complete

unit.
In this ex: LUW is selecting A and B from the database, updating A, and deleting B.
This would be the desired LUW because we would want to rollback all changes if any
of these actions failed.

India SAP CoE, Slide 85

LUW
• Changes will be saved (commit work) in database at the end of third
screen.

• An SAP LUW will end with either the COMMIT WORK or

ROLLBACK WORK statement.

• A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to

the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW.

• If an SAP LUW contains database changes, you should either write all
of them or none at all to the database.

• Include a database commit when the transaction has ended successfully,

and a database rollback in case the program detects an error.

India SAP CoE, Slide 86

LUW

• Since database changes from a database LUW cannot be reversed in a

subsequent database LUW, you must make all of the database changes for
the SAP LUW in a single database LUW.

• In our example, we need to perform UPDATE A and DELETE B at the

end of third screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 87

SAP Locks

• R/3 system contain lock mechanism for SAP LUWs called SAP Locks.

• Lock object is created in ABAP Dictionary.

• A lock object definition contains the database tables and their key fields
on the basis of which you want to set a lock.

• System automatically generates two function modules with the names

ENQUEUE_<lock object name> and DEQUEUE_<lock object name>
when a lock is generated.

• Locks can be set and released on corresponding database table by calling

these function modules in program.

India SAP CoE, Slide 88

SAP Locks
• Consider below example,

• When user clicks on change, the program locks the relevant database object by calling the corresponding ENQUEUE
function.

• You can release the lock by calling DEQUEUE function when user clicks on SAVE or when user clicks on BACK button.

India SAP CoE, Slide 89

Table Control
• A table control is an area on the screen where the system displays data in a
tabular form. It is processed using a loop.

• To create a table control, drag & drop table control from screen elements on
screen painter. Give a name to table control.
• Select the table definition and fields clicking on Dictionary/Program fields
object button.
• Each table control need to be declared in declaration part of the program as,
CONTROLS <ctrl> TYPE TABLEVIEW USING SCREEN <scr>.
where <ctrl> is the name of the table control on a screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 90

Table Control

• You must code a LOOP statement in both the PBO and PAI events for each
table in your screen.

• This is because the LOOP statement causes the screen fields to be copied
back and forth between the ABAP program and the screen field.

• For this reason, at least an empty LOOP...ENDLOOP must be there.

India SAP CoE, Slide 91

Processing Table Control

Screen
Database

er
h ead
h
le wit
al Tab
rn
Inte

India SAP CoE, Slide 92

Table Control
Sample code -

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

MODULE STATUS_0100.
LOOP AT it_po INTO wa_ekpo WITH CONTROL tab2 CURSOR
tab2-current_line.
ENDLOOP.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

field po_no module po_check.
module exit_mod at exit-command.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.
loop at it_po.
endloop.

India SAP CoE, Slide 93

Subscreen
• A subscreen is a screen that is displayed in a specified area of the main screen.

• A subscreen cannot be displayed by itself.

• The subscreen displayed in the predefined area will depend on the user’s
request on the main screen.

• Subscreen is used to vary the fields displayed on a screen. As an example:

– The “main” screen contains the customer number, name, and a predefined
area for a subscreen.
– One subscreen contains customer address information.
– Another subscreen contains customer bank information.

India SAP CoE, Slide 94

Creating Subscreen
• In main screen,
– In the screen layout, place the screen element ‘subscreen’ on layout.
– You can set the length and width of the subscreen by double clicking
on subscreen.
– Provide unique name to subscreen, save and activate it.

Subscreen

India SAP CoE, Slide 95

Creating Subscreen
• Create a subscreen
– Create a screen as given in earlier slides.
– Screen type should be subscreen.

– Specify the screen length and height as in main screen.

– Save the subscreen and go to screen layout. Here subscreen are will
be displayed.

India SAP CoE, Slide 96

Creating Subscreen

• User can design in the subscreen area as below,

India SAP CoE, Slide 97

Call subscreen in PBO

• To include a subscreen in a predefined area on the “main” screen, use the

“CALL SUBSCREEN” statement in the “main” screen’s PBO event.

• syntax :CALL SUBSCREEN <area> INCLUDING <program> <subscreen

#>.
– <area> : name of the subscreen area defined on the “main” screen. This
subscreen area will be the location of the subscreen. This <area> cannot
be enclosed in single quotes.
– <program> : name of the program where the subscreen exists.

India SAP CoE, Slide 98

Call subscreen in PBO

– <subscreen #> : number of the subscreen to display in the subscreen area.

– The <program> and <subscreen #> can be literals (i.e. enclosed in single
quotes) or variables.

• When the “CALL SUBSCREEN” statement is encountered in the “main”

screen’s PBO event, the system executes the PBO event of the subscreen. Then,
the system returns to finish the PBO event of the “main” screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 99

Call subscreen in PAI
• If the subscreen contains any PAI code, use the “CALL SUBSCREEN”
statement in the PAI event of the “main” screen.

• Syntax : CALL SUBSCREEN <area>.

– The <area> is the name of the subscreen area defined on the “main”
screen. This <area> cannot be enclosed in single quotes.

• The “CALL SUBSCREEN” statement must be used to invoke the PAI

event of the subscreen.
- When the “CALL SUBSCREEN” statement is
encountered in the “main” screen’s PAI event, the system
executes the PAI event of the subscreen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 100

Call subscreen in PAI

– Then, the system returns to finish the PAI event of the “main” screen.

– Without this “CALL SUBSCREEN” statement in the PAI event of the

“main” screen, the PAI event of the subscreen cannot be processed by
the system.
• If the subscreen does not contain any PAI code, this “CALL SUBSCREEN”
statement is not needed in the PAI event of the “main” screen.

• In both the PBO and PAI of the “main” screen, the “CALL SUBSCREEN”
statement cannot be used inside a “LOOP” or a “CHAIN”.

India SAP CoE, Slide 101

Subscreen Restrictions
• The following ABAP/4 statements cannot be used in a subscreen’s PBO
or PAI modules (instead, they must be used in the “main” screen):

– SET PF-STATUS
– SET TITLEBAR
– SET SCREEN
– LEAVE TO SCREEN
– CALL SCREEN

– Note: These ABAP/4 statements in a subscreen will pass a syntax

check; however, they will result in runtime errors.

India SAP CoE, Slide 102

Tab Strip Controls
A tab strip control is a screen object
consisting of two or more pages.

• Each tab page consists of a tab title and a page area.

• If the area occupied by the tab strip control is too narrow to display all of
the tab titles, a scrollbar appears, allowing you to reach the titles that are not
displayed.
• Tab strips allow users to access multiple sub screens on one normal screen.
• This allows for a more intuitive user interface by logically separating the
information presented to the user into different headings.
• The user can sort through the information by clicking on a corresponding
tab

India SAP CoE, Slide 103

Tab Strip Control components
TabTtitle Tab Title Row
Tab Page

Scrolling

India SAP CoE, Slide 104

Tab Strip Control components

• Tab Title – Title of the component to which user can

navigate. They are push buttons.

• Tab title row - All tab titles will appear in a row.

• Tab Page - A tab page contains a collection of fields that logically

belong together. Tab pages are implemented using subscreens.

• For designing and using tab strip controls, see Transaction BIBS .

India SAP CoE, Slide 105

Tab Strip Controls
When you create a tab strip control, you
must: ……….

1. Define the tab area on a screen and the

tab titles.
2. Assign a subscreen area to each tab title.
3. Program the screen flow logic.
4. Program the ABAP processing logic.

•Tab strip controls allow you to place a series of screens belonging to an

application on a single screen, and to navigate between them easily.

•From a technical point of view, a tab page is a sunscreen with a pushbutton

assigned to it, which is displayed as the tab title.

India SAP CoE, Slide 106

Tab Strip Controls
Assigning a Subscreen Area to a Tab Title

1. Paging in the SAPgui

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

...
CALL SUBSCREEN: area1 INCLUDING [prog1] dynp1,
area2 INCLUDING [prog2] dynp2,
area3 INCLUDING [prog3] dynp3,
...
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
...
CALL SUBSCREEN: area1,
area2,
area3,
…
2. Paging on the application server

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

...
CALL SUBSCREEN area INCLUDING [prog] dynp.
...
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
...
CALL SUBSCREEN area.
India SAP CoE, Slide 107
Tab Strip Controls
Handling in the ABAP Program

Create a control for each control in the declaration part of your

program using the following statement:

CONTROLS ctrl TYPE TABSTRIP.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

...
Assign the function code of the corresponding tab title to the
component Activetab:

ctrl-Activetab = fcode.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

…
Activetab contains the function code of the last active tab title on the
screen.

India SAP CoE, Slide 108

Tab Strip Controls
Programming the Flow Logic

The flow logic is restricted to that necessary to include the appropriate

subscreen screens in the right subscreen areas.

Local Scrolling at the Front-end

Include subscreen screens in all of your subscreen areas in the
tab strip control.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

CALL SUBSCREEN: <subscreen_area1> INCLUDING [<progname 1>] <subscreen_scrn 1>,
<subscreen_area2> INCLUDING [<progname 2>] <subscreen_scrn 2>,
<subscreen_area3> INCLUDING [<progname 3>] <subscreen_scrn 3>,

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

CALL SUBSCREEN: <subscreen_area1>,
<subscreen_area2>,
<subscreen_area3>,

India SAP CoE, Slide 109

Tab Strip Controls
Programming the Flow Logic

The flow logic is restricted to that necessary to include the appropriate

subscreen screens in the right subscreen areas.

Scrolling at the Application Server

Include one subscreen at a time in a single subscreen area.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

CALL SUBSCREEN < subscreen_area> INCLUDING [<progname>] <subscreen_scrn>.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

CALL SUBSCREEN < subscreen_area>.

India SAP CoE, Slide 110

Step loops
• Step loops are considerable less flexible than table controls.

• Used to group screen elements together. A step loop is a repeated series of

loop blocks. A loop block consists of one or more loop lines of graphical
screen elements.

• Loop blocs can be defined as fixed or variable.

– In a fixed loop, the lower limit of the loop area always remains as
originally defined.
– For a variable loop, the number of repetitions is adjusted dynamically in
the screen program to suit the size of the current window.

India SAP CoE, Slide 111

Creating a Step loop
• Open a screen in the layout editor.

• In one or more lines, create the elements you want to repeat.

• Select all the elements on the desired line(s) as a group.

• Choose Edit Grouping  Step loop Define.

• Your element lines now make up a single step loop block. The block includes the original elements
with their attributes and a predefined number of repetition blocks.

• Each repetition contains a copy of the first block without attributes.

• The repetition blocks are consecutively numbered, so that you can establish a reference to a
particular line.

India SAP CoE, Slide 112

Step loops
• To use a Step-Loop block in an online program, you must create one work
area for the Step-Loop block. To hold all the lines of a Step-Loop block in the
program’s memory area, use an internal table.

Ex:-TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_REC,

MATNR TTPE MARA-MATNR,
MATKL TYPE MARA-MATKL,
END OF TY_REC.
DATA: GT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_REC WITH
HEADER LINE.

• For Step loop the flow logic statement loop must be coded in both PBO and
PAI event. One form of the Flow Logic “LOOP” statement is;
LOOP.
. . . <flow logic statements> . . .
ENDLOOP.

India SAP CoE, Slide 113

Main screen Flow logic
Main screen flow logic for calling subscreen.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

MODULE STATUS_0100.
call subscreen SUB1 including 'Z_MODULE_TRAINING' '0110'.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

call subscreen SUB1.

MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

India SAP CoE, Slide 114

Additions with ABAP OOPS

• Enjoy SAP controls (ALV Grid , ALV Tree, HTML controls etc) can be
displayed in screen.

• To place these grids we need to have screen element Custom Control

placed on the screen.

• Also we need to have ABAP OOPS knowledge. ( Refer package SLIS

for examples)

India SAP CoE, Slide 115

Process on Help

• This event is a user programmed help.

• If the user presses the ‘F1’ key with the cursor is positioned in <screen
field>, the <supplemental documentation> will be displayed along with
the data element’s short text and documentation.

• The only other Flow Logic statement that can be used in the POH event
is:
FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module>.

India SAP CoE, Slide 116

Process on Value

• This event is a user-programmed help that occurs when the user presses
F4 with the cursor positioned on a screen field.

• The modules specified in the subsequent FIELD statement is called

instead of the SAP help.

• Syntax is:
FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module>.

India SAP CoE, Slide 117

Module pool programming
1 PrepareMe
Introduction

2 Syntax Description

3 Demonstration

4 Exercises

5 HelpMe
India SAP CoE, Slide 118
Demonstration

Please refer the attached document for demo example.

Microsoft Word
Document

India SAP CoE, Slide 119

Module pool programming
1 Introduction

2 Syntax Description

3 Demonstration

4 Exercises

5 HelpMe
India SAP CoE, Slide 120
Exercises
Please refer the attached documents for hands-on.
• Exercise 1 – This covers input/output, radio button, table control, screen
navigation, flow logic events, Menu painter.

Microsoft Word
Document

• Exercise 2 – This covers tab strip, subscreen, table control, 4 flow logic
events, screen navigation, menu painter.

Microsoft Word
Document

India SAP CoE, Slide 121

Module pool programming
1 Introduction

2 Syntax Description

3 Demonstration

4 Exercises

5 HelpMe
India SAP CoE, Slide 122
HelpMe

• Refer help.sap.com

• Refer Transaction code ABAPDOCU (check in drop down ABAP User

Dialogs) for documentation and examples

• For screen elements and controls (table control, tabstrip) refer transaction
BIBS.

• Refer package SLIS for examples of ALV grids, ALV Tree.

India SAP CoE, Slide 123