Novel Planar Wideband Omni-Directional Quasi Log-Periodic Antenna

Novel Planar Wideband Omni-directional Quasi
Log-Periodic Antenna
Heng-Tung Hsu, Senior Member, IEEE, James C. Rautio*, Fellow IEEE, and San-Wen Chang
Nearson Marketing Group, 10F, No.33, Tien-Mei 3rd Street , Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
*Sonnet Software Inc., 100 Elwood Davis Road, North Syracuse, NY 13212, USA
AbstractIn this paper, a novel and simple wideband planar

omni-directional antenna is proposed. The simultaneously
wideband and omni-directional characteristics of the proposed
structure are achieved by adding two mutually-coupled elements
to the conventional dipole antenna. This newly proposed
structure is able to extend the bandwidth (VSWR 2:1, at UHF
band) to 30% compared to simple dipole antennas while
maintaining an omni-directional radiation pattern with
maximum gain of 2.2dBi.
Index TermsAntennas, dipole antennas, omni-directional.
I. INTRODUCTION
OMPACT,
very low-cost printed antennas with both

wideband and omni-directional characteristics are
desired in modern communications systems. Dipole antennas
have been popular candidates in many systems for their
uniform omni-directional coverage, reasonable gain, and
relatively low manufacturing cost. Despite the advantages
mentioned above, dipole antennas suffer from relatively
narrow bandwidth, about 10% for VSWR
2:1. This
bandwidth problem has limited their application in modern
multi-band communication systems. In addition, nearby
objects easily detune the dipoles because of the limited
bandwidth of operation.
Antenna arrays have been excellent solutions for operating
bandwidth expansion [1-3]. With optimum arrangement of
the radiating elements, high operating bandwidth can be
achieved at the expense of small beam width, large physical
size and relatively complex feeding structures. To further
make the antennas compact-sized, low-profile and easily
integrated into communication systems, several techniques
have been developed including folded-dipole [4], inverted-L
based [5], fat dipole[6], monopole based [7-11], etc. The main
effort has been devoted to minimize the reactive part of the
antenna impedance and optimize match at the input port of the
antenna.
In this paper, the new quasi log-periodic antenna structure
is presented. This simple structure consists of a regular
half-wavelength dipole with two mutually-coupled stubs.
Compared to the conventional half-wavelength dipole, the
0-7803-9433-X/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE.
bandwidth of this new structure can be extended to 30%

without sacrificing the uniform omni-directional radiation
pattern. The excellent performance achieved through this
simple structure has created itself great potential for
applications in tag antennas of Radio-Frequency Identification
(RFID) systems. In the following sections, the design with
parametric study of the antenna is presented. Full wave 3D
EM simulation is also performed and radiation patterns of the
proposed structure are discussed.
II. QUASI LOG-PERIODIC ANTENNA
Fig. 1(a) shows the structure of the quasi log-periodic
antenna. Compared to the conventional half-wavelength
dipole antenna as shown in Fig. 1(b), two additional
mutually-coupled stubs are symmetrically connected to the
original dipole. These two coupling stubs generate an
additional resonance that tends to cancel the reactive part of
the dipole impedance to achieve expanded bandwidth. As can
be seen, this structure has a low profile and can be easily fed by
a coaxial feed from the center of the structure. Three major
parameters including the length of the stub ( a), the
a
c
b
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. (a) Structure of the proposed quasi log-periodic

antenna and (b) Structure of the conventional half-wavelength
dipole.
APMC2005 Proceedings
1.0
Swp Max
1.3GHz
2.
0.
-5
3.
0
4.
-10
5. 0
0.
2
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
-15
0.2
10 .0
S11 (dB)
0.
0. 8
-1 0.0
0
.0
.0
1300
0
2.
Swp Min
0.5GHz
-1.0
1100
-0 .8
900
-0
.6
700
-3
.4
-0
-4
-25
500
2
-0 .
-5
.
-20
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 2. Simulated S 11 and impedance of regular half-wavelength dipole on a 0.4mm FR-4 substrate ( er = 4.2).
1.0
Swp Max
1.8GHz
0.
4
0
3.
4.
-10
0
5.
0.
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
.0
.0
-1.0
-0 .8
.6
.0
-2
.4
-0
1700
-3
.0
1400
-4
1100
0.8
.2
-0
-0
800
0.6
-25
500
0.4
a = 4.0cm
b = 1.0cm
c = 1.8cm
-20
-5
-15
0.2
10 .0
-1 0.
S11 (dB)
-5
2.
0
6
0.
0. 8
Swp Min
0.5GHz
Frequency (MHz)
Fig.3. Simulated S 11 and impedance of the quasi log-periodic antenna on a 0.4mm FR-4 substrate ( er = 4.2).
horizontal separation between the stubs ( b) and the vertical
distance between the stub and the dipole (
c) need to be
adjusted for optimal performance.
III. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Numerical analysis is performed using Sonnet , a planar
3D Method of Moments based electromagnetic analysis.
Since we are dealing with an open-boundary problem, the top
and bottom covers of the shielding box are removed during
simulation. Also, the side walls are placed far away from the
radiating antenna so as not to perturb the antenna
performance.
Fig. 2 shows the simulated performance of a regular
half-wavelength dipole on a 0.4mm FR-4 ( er = 4.2) substrate
centered at 900MHz. The total length of the half-wavelength
dipole is 14.1cm. A VSWR 2:1 bandwidth of 78 MHz is
observed. Figure 3 shows the typical response of the quasi
log-periodic antenna on the same substrate. The dimensions
chosen are a = 4.0 cm, b = 1.0 cm andc=1.8 cm; with the same
length of 14.1 cm used for the half-wavelength dipole. The
VSWR 2:1 bandwidth has been significantly increased to

338 MHz, which is about 4 times that of a conventional dipole.
Note that the center frequency is also increased due to the
expanded bandwidth of the structure. However, this increase
in center frequency can easily be compensated through the
length adjustment of the half-wavelength dipole. Further
length reduction of the structure can also be achieved by
introducing appropriate capacitive loading to the structure.
Parametric study was performed on the three major
parameters to investigate the dependence of the bandwidth
expansion on each parameter. The results of parametric study
are plotted in Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 shows the real and imaginary parts of the antenna
impedance for the quasi log-periodic structure. For
comparison purposes, those of the regular dipole are also
included in the figure. The main reason for the limited
bandwidth of the conventional dipole antenna is the drastic
increase in antenna reactance with frequency. This is typically
the case when the operating frequency goes beyond the
resonant frequency for regular dipoles as shown in Fig. 5.
250
400
Re(Z11) (Ohms)
Bandwidth (MHz)
450
350
300
b = 1.4cm
c = 1.8cm
Dipole
200
Log-Periodic
150
100
50
250
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
0.8
a (cm)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
(a)
400
200
350
Im(Z11) (Ohms)
Bandwidth (MHz)
Frequency (GHz)
(a)
300
a = 4.0cm
c = 1.2cm
250
200
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
(b)
300
250
200
a = 4.0cm
b = 1.0cm
100
1.8
2.2
2.6
0
-100
-200
0.8
Dipole
Log-Periodic
0.9
1.1
(b)
Fig. 5 The (a) real part and (b) imaginary part of the antenna
impedance for the quasi log-periodic and regular dipole
antennas.
350
150
100
Frequency (GHz)
b (cm)
Bandwidth (MHz)
0.9
3.4
3.8
c (cm)
(c)
Fig. 4 Dependence of bandwidth on the major physical
parameters of the structure.
However, we see in Fig.5 that the reactance of the quasi
log-periodic antenna varies smoothly with frequency over the
band of interest, which explains the bandwidth expansion
phenomenon achieved by the added stubs. Also note that the
reactance tends to become more capacitive compared to the
regular dipole due to additional coupling induced by the stubs.
Further investigation of the radiation pattern for the quasi

log-periodic antenna is necessary. Several simulations are
performed using CST Microwave Studio based on Finite
Integration Technique in Time Domain (FIT-TD). Fig. 6
shows the radiation pattern of the quasi log-periodic antenna
at 1 GHz. The antenna has a maximum directivity of 2.2dBi
and the 3dB beam width is observed to be 78.3 o. Excellent
omni-directional coverage is observed. Fig. 7 shows the total
efficiency as a function of frequency, exhibiting the wideband
feature of the proposed antenna.
IV. CONCLUSION
A novel quasi log-periodic antenna is presented. This novel
structure features a wide bandwidth compared to regular
dipole antennas with excellent omni-directional coverage.
Additionally, the low-profile and simple feed characteristics of
the antenna make it easy to integrate with extremely low
manufacturing cost.
REFERENCES
[1]
G.A. Evtioushkine, J.W.Kim and K. S. Han,

Very wideband printed dipole
antenna array, Electronics Letters, vol.34, No.24, November 1998,
pp.2292-2293..
[2] Jeong-Il Kim and Young Joong Yoon,Design of wideband microstrip
array antennas using the coupled lines, IEEE Antennas and Propagation
Society International Symposium, 2000 , Volume 3, July 2000 pp.:1410 1413 .
[3] Yeunjeong Kim, Sewoong Kwon, Eunsil Oh, and Youngjoong Yoon,A
study of wideband dual-frequency dual-polarization microstrip array
antenna, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium, 2000 , Volume 2, July 2000 pp.:502-505 .
[4] J.M. Yang and A. Prata, Jr,Broadband printed circuit board folded dipole
antenna, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium, 2004 , Volume 1, June 2004 pp.:771-774 .
[5] K. Oh and K. Hirasawa, A dual-band inverted-L-folded-antenna with a
parasitic wire, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium, 2004 , Volume 1, June 2004 pp.:3131-3134 .
[6] Kwan-Ho Kim, Sung-Bae Cho, Young-Jin Park, and Han-Gyu Park,
Novel planar ultra wideband stepped-fat dipole antenna
, IEEE
Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologiesas, Nov. 2003,
pp.:508-512 .
[7] K.L. Wong and L.C. Chou,"Internal wideband metal-plate monopole
antenna for laptop application,"Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. , Vol. 46,
Aug. 2005..
[8] K.L. Wong and S.L. Chien,"Wideband cylindrical monopole antenna for
mobile phone,"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, Aug. 2005.
[9] K.L. Wong, L.C. Chou and F.S. Chang,"Printed, short-circuited wideband
monopole antenna with a band-notched operation,"
Microwave Opt.
Technol. Lett., Vol. 46, Jul. 2005.
[10] Y.T. Liu, K.L. Wong and C.L. Tang,"Wideband omnidirectional square
cylindrical monopole antenna,"Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 45, pp.
419-421, Jun. 2005.
[11] K.L. Wong, C.H. Wu and S.W. Su,"Ultra-wideband square planar
metal-plate monopole antenna with a trident-shaped feeding strip," IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagat. , Vol. 53, pp. 1262-1269, Apr. 2005.
z
x
Total Radiation Efficiency
Fig. 6 The radiation pattern of the quasi log-periodic antenna
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 7 Total efficiency versus frequency of the quasi

log-periodic antenna

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Novel Planar Wideband Omni-directional Quasi

AbstractIn this paper, a novel and simple wideband planar

very low-cost printed antennas with both

0-7803-9433-X/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE.

bandwidth of this new structure can be extended to 30%

Fig. 1. (a) Structure of the proposed quasi log-periodic

VSWR 2:1 bandwidth has been significantly increased to

Further investigation of the radiation pattern for the quasi

G.A. Evtioushkine, J.W.Kim and K. S. Han,

Total Radiation Efficiency

Fig. 6 The radiation pattern of the quasi log-periodic antenna

Fig. 7 Total efficiency versus frequency of the quasi

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