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Programming The Internet of Things

Intel IoT

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

476 views

Programming The Internet of Things

Intel IoT

Uploaded by

Khairul Alam Taifur

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 86

Programming the Internet of Things Using

Node.js* and HTML5

Michael McCool
Ramesh Peri
Rex St John
OReilly Solid Conference, June 23, 2015
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Agenda

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Internet of Things (10m)

Set up the Thing (45m)
Build the Thing (10m)
Program the Thing (30+10m)
Network the Thing (50+25m)
Connect the Thing (10m)
Conclusion (5m)

Agenda

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Internet of Things (10m)

Set up the Thing
Build the Thing
Program the Thing
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing
Conclusion

The Internet of Things is

Internet of
Things

Personal
Computing

Internet

Mobile
Computing

The Next Compute Transformation

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Basically
Things
Devices with embedded
computers
Often without displays
Reading physical sensors
Controlling physical actuators
Limited power, memory,
compute

on the Internet.
Communicating globally
Variety of networking protocols
Interface to existing
infrastructure
Autonomous operation modes
Coordinated operation modes
Part of a system

Think system, not device

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IoT: Examples and Use Cases

Industrial and Municipal

Consumer and Mobile

Factory equipment monitoring

Health monitoring (wearable)

HVAC system monitoring/control

Information access (wearable)

Lighting systems

Home security

Security

Delivery management

Maintenance (wearable)

Automotive monitoring

Point of Sale

Family status monitoring (wearable)

Inventory tracking

Home maintenance

Precision agriculture

Personal communication (wearable)

Energy consumption management

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Internet of Things (IoT) Systems

Endpoint

Gateway

Wi-Fi*
LTE

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Wired

Analysis
(Server)

Gateway
Human
Interface

Prototypical IoT System: Smart Light

A smart light is a prototypical IoT system: a simple device,
but adding intelligence to it enables major efficiencies and
opportunities.

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A Smart Light Prototype

Using JavaScript* (in the form of both
Node.js* and HTML5) and an Intel
Edison compute module well be
building a smart light prototype.

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Why JavaScript* for IoT?

JavaScript* is in wide use
Large numbers of web developers are familiar with it
Well-documented with a strong ecosystem
Already standardized and with multiple implementations

JavaScript is consistent with web programming and portable mobile apps

It is used by HTML5, and HTML5 is useful for developing UI companion apps for IoT devices

JavaScript is well-suited to embedded device programming

Supports asynchronous function calls and I/O
Asynchronous calls are useful for event-driven hardware programming
The Node.js* engine in particular has many useful features for both web services and embedded devices

JavaScript engines are high-performance

Chrome* V8 is nearly as fast as C/C++! Fastest high-productivity language available.
Recent developments, such as SIMD.js, even expose high-performance computation features
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Why Node.js* for IoT?

Strong ecosystem and package management system
Over a hundred thousand packages available via the npm package manager (www.npmjs.org)

Programming model well-suited to embedded devices as well as servers

Event-driven asynchronous programming model, support for asynchronous functions
Lack of explicit event loop means transparent power state management can be implemented
Good support for interfacing to native C/C++ libraries

Community is already using Node.js* for embedded devices and robotics

For example: http://nodebots.io/, Firmata, Cylon, JohnnyFive,

Web services can (of course!) also be built with Node.js

A complete end-to-end endpoint/gateway/mobile/browser/server IoT solution is possible

Good documentation
Both online and in book form, although to date mostly focused on web services
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Node.js* vs. HTML5 JavaScript*

Node.js* JavaScript*
JavaScript with bindings to C/C++
libraries and OS services

Browser (HTML5) JavaScript

JavaScript with bindings to an HTML5
document/view

Designed for Server side

Designed for Client side

- Headless (no UI by default) services

Asynchronous and event-driven

- Nonblocking asynchronous I/O

C++ Bindings (can call C++ libs)

Communicate over variety of protocols
- Including but not limited to http

No built-in sandbox; focus on functionality

Community driven module repository
- Wide variety of modules available, including support
for parallelism, computer vision, etc.
- Automated download and install
- Modules can include native components
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- Generate and control a user interface (UI)

- Alter HTML5 document content
- Control a browser (open panes, etc.)

Communicates asynchronously using http

Limited/semi-standardized hardware support
- Depends on platform/browser
- Ex: webcam, accelerometer, GPS

Sandboxed; focus on security

- Specific set of standardized built-in libraries
- Other JavaScript-only libraries can be downloaded
via http dynamically

Developer View

Servers

Interface
Devices

JavaScript* for IoT

Cloud
Services
HTML5

Use HTML5 to create UI to

run on interface devices.

Edit Node.js* app

Send app to thing

Run app remotely

Remote debug

Smart
Things

Node.js

Intel XDK IoT Edition

Development System
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Use Node.js to define

behavior of smart things.

Intel XDK IoT Edition HTML5 Application Development

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Intel XDK IoT Edition Node.js* Application Development

Full featured
code *editor

Edit Node.js app

Send app to device

NPM package
Remote
debug
fetching

Run app remotely

Also provides convenient

access to command-line
interface on device via ssh
or serial port

Remote
execution and
debugging

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Agenda

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Internet of Things
Set up the Thing (45m)
Build the Thing
Program the Thing
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing
Conclusion

Setting Up (45 min)

Setup Instructions specific to this lab: http://bit.ly/xdk-setup
- These instructions focus on only what you need right now
- Please group yourselves by operating system

- Start by copying folder from USB sticks being passed around to your desktop
- Then look in Course/Install directory specific to your OS

Summary: install drivers for the Edison on your computer, update its
operating system and software, set up a development tool (the Intel XDK
IoT Edition) specific to Node.js on the Edison.
Network: SSID is Solid; no password
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Agenda

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Internet of Things
Set up the Thing
Build the Thing (10m)
Program the Thing
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing
Conclusion

Hardware Kit

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Intel Edison Development Kit

Intel Atom dual-core processor
Arduino* compatible hardware
interface adapter
Yocto* Linux* based Intel IoT
Development Kit software
Seeed* Studio Grove Starter Kit
Plus (Intel IoT Edition)
Base shield and collection of
useful modules and cables
PLUS
Extra micro-USB cable
12V power adapter

Seeed* Grove Starter Kit Plus Contents

Set of useful Seeed*
Grove modules with
base shield, cables
Micro USB-B to USB-A
cable
Not used for Edison:
- RJ45 network cable
- FDTI USB-to-serial cable

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Hardware Assembly

Intel Edison module and

Seeed* Grove shield attached
to Arduino* adapter
Push button on D2
LED on D3

Light sensor on A0
Rotation sensor on A1
7-15V power connected
TWO micro USB cables to
computer
USB selection switch toward
micro USB host port
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Agenda

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Internet of Things
Set up the Thing
Build the Thing
Program the Thing (30+10m)
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing
Conclusion

Introduction to JavaScript*
C-like syntax, but ; are optional.
Strings:
'this is a string'
"so is this"
Declaring a variable:
var my_variable;

Points to note:
- Types are dynamic
- All numbers are floats
- Scope is function, not block

- Scope is generally static, except for this

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Objects and associative arrays are the same:

dog['ear'] = 'up';
dog.ear = 'up';
Object prototypes cloned with new operator:
dog = new Dog();
Functions are values. The this variable can be
used to refer to the current object:
dog.raise_ear = function() {
this.ear = 'up';
};
JSON-like syntax for object properties:
dog = {
ear: 'up';
raise_ear: function () {};
}

Embedded Hardware Interfaces

GPIO: General-purpose digital I/O.
Can read or write 0s or 1s. Need to
set direction (input or output).
Analog: Input. Senses a voltage
between 0 and reference value
(usually the power supply value).
PWM: Pulse-width modulation
output. Rapidly switches between 0
and the power supply value. If
averaged, approximates an analog
output.
Can also be used (if set to the right
frequency) to control RC servos.
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I2C: Two-wire (clock and data) halfduplex serial interface using a shared
bus. Devices on the bus have fixed
address and a set of registers that
can be read or written. Each device
has its own registers and interface
specification. Speed:100KHz and
400KHz.
SPI: 3 or 4-wire (clock, Tx and Rx
data, chip select) full-duplex serial
interface. Higher performance than
I2C (up to 25MHz) but more complex
wiring.

Embedded Hardware Interfaces

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Hardware Interface Libraries in Node.js*

Intel-Developed

Third Party

mraa: Open source library for Intel Galileo

and Intel Edison boards. Low-level access
to GPIOs, PWM, and Analog IO ports.
Developed by Intel Developer Relations.

johnny-five: Open source I/O library with

plugins for various boards including Intel
Galileo and Edison boards. The Intel board
support uses direct interfacing rather than
going through Firmata when using the
galileo-io adapter module.

upm: Open source, high level library for

specific sensors and actuators that use
mraa. Developed by Intel Developer
Relations.
iot-io: Open source library for Intel
Galileo/Edison boards. Uses an API similar
to the Arduino* API. Also provides remote
access via RPC. Developed by Intel Labs
China.
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cylon: Object-oriented, asynchronous opensource portable robotics framework.

onoff: Open source I/O library that can be
used to manipulate raw GPIO/PWM via sysfs
interface.
i2c: Node.js* I2C library using sysfs.
NOTE: Using sysfs requires understanding
low-level details of the board.

Hardware Interface Libraries in Node.js*

Intel-Developed

Third Party

mraa: Open source library for Intel Galileo

and Intel Edison boards. Low-level access
to GPIOs, PWM, and Analog IO ports.
Developed by Intel Developer Relations.

johnny-five: Open source I/O library with

plugins for various boards including Intel
Galileo and Edison boards. The Intel board
support uses direct interfacing rather than
going through Firmata when using the
galileo-io adapter module.

upm: Open source, high level library for

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cylon: Object-oriented, asynchronous opensource portable robotics framework.

MRAA Setup

var mraa = require("mraa");

Load the module

var button = new mraa.Gpio(2);

button.dir(mraa.DIR_IN);

Enable GPIO 2 (D2)

Put it into input mode

var led = new mraa.Pwm(3);

led.period(1);
led.enable(true);

Configure PWM output on D3

Set period to 1ms
Turn on PWM output

var knob = new mraa.Aio(1);

Enable Analog input on A1

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MRAA Hello World

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read();
if (push) {
led.write(
knob.readFloat()
);
}
}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Do something periodically
Read state of button
If the button is pressed
Read the knob state and
write it to the LED
Repeat every 0.1s (100ms)

MRAA Hello World

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read();
if (push) {
led.write(
knob.readFloat()
);
}
}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Do something periodically
Read state of button
If the button is pressed
Read the knob state and
write it to the LED
Repeat every 0.1s (100ms)

Assignment 1 (5 min; SKIP)

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read();
if (push) {
led.write(
knob.readFloat()
);
}
}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

This code really just updates the

state of the LED based on the knob
when the button is pushed, and
ignores it otherwise.

The button does not actually turn

the light on and off.
Modify this part of the code so that
the light is only on when the
button is pressed.

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Assignment 1: Solution
setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read();
if (push) {
led.write(
knob.readFloat()
);
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}
}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Do something periodically
Read state of button
If the button is pressed
Read the knob state and write it to
the LED
Otherwise
Turn off the light
Repeat every 0.1s (100ms)

Assignment 2 (5 min; SKIP)

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read();
if (push) {
led.write(
knob.readFloat()
);
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}
}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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We dont actually want to hold

the button down all the time.
Modify this code further so the
button toggles the light state on
and off.

Assignment 2: Solution
var light_state = 0;

Keep track of light power-on state

var last_push = button.read();

Do something periodically
Read state of button
If the button is pressed
Toggle the light power state

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read()
if (push && !last_push) {

light_state = !light_state;
}
last_push = push;
if (light_state) {

If the light power state is true

Read the knob state and write it to
the LED

led.write( knob.readFloat() );
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}

}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Otherwise
Turn off the light
Repeat every 0.1s (100ms)

Assignment 3 (10 min)

var light_state = 0;
var last_push = button.read();
setInterval(function() {

Modulate actual light intensity by

ambient light so the light is dimmer
in dimmer light to save power.

var push = button.read()

if (push && !last_push) {

light_state = !light_state;
}
last_push = push;
if (light_state) {

led.write( knob.readFloat() );
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}

}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Assignment 3: Solution
var ambient = new mraa.Aio(0);
var light_state = 0;

Need to declare ambient analog

input on analog pin 0.

var last_push = button.read();

setInterval(function() {
var push = button.read()

if (push && !last_push) {

light_state = !light_state;
}
last_push = push;

Then multiply light power by ambient

intensity.

if (light_state) {
led.write( knob.readFloat() * ambient.readFloat() );
} else {
led.write( 0 );

}
36

}, 100); // every 0.1s (100ms)

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Summary: Programming the Thing

Learned hardware interfaces for GPIOs, PWMs, and Analog Inputs
Learned how to control these types of interfaces from MRAA
Implemented a program that gives a thing a useful default behavior:
- Toggle a light on and off when a button is pressed
- Modulate intensity with a knob
- Modulate intensity based on ambient light

Have edited and loaded code with the Intel XDK

- Lets us debug the code
- Makes code persistent (when board reboots it will be run automatically)

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Agenda

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Internet of Things
Set up the Thing
Build the Thing
Program the Thing
Network the Thing (50+25m)
Connect the Thing
Conclusion

Networking and Communication

Physical:
UART: Serial communication
Wireless: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi*, ZigBee*
Protocols: TCP, UDP

Modules:
net: TCP sockets
http: web protocols
socket.io/shoe: websockets
dnode: remote async function invocation
mqtt: status and configuration

Optimization Notice

User Interfaces for Things

Things dont often have displays
But IoT devices do have network
connections (by definition)
Users can be assumed to have
web browsers and smartphones
HTML5 can be used to build
portable graphical UIs:

Can be installable hybrid apps

Can be served directly from a thing

Can be served by a cloud service

Can run on smartphones or tablets

Can run in browsers on larger computers

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Letting a Thing Serve its Own User Interface

In some cases, if only a few users
will ever connect to a smart thing,
it can make sense for that thing to
serve its own HTML interface
We will also show how to use
dnode and websockets to export
a object-oriented, asynchronous
API to an HTML user interface
A dnode API can even have
callbacks, allowing very general
communication between code in
the HTML and on the thing
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Assignment 4 (3h; SKIP): Add a Web Interface

Device should serve its own web UI
Web UI should allow turning the light on and off
Web UI should display the current state of the light (it should be
updated if the physical button is pressed)
Use websockets to communicate between the Web UI and the device

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System Architecture

http request

Interface Client
(e.g., Browser)

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http response (JS + HTML)

web socket/dnode request

Smart Thing

dnode
dnodeAPI
APIconnection
connection

Basic HTML5 Template for Smart Light UI

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Light Control</title>
<script src="js/ext/jquery.js">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="images/off.jpg"
id="light_button">
</img>
<script src="js/gen/bundle.js">
</script>
</body>
</html>
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Simplified doctype for

HTML5
Well use jQuery to get
handles on objects
This image is set by default to
a light bulb in the off state,
but we give it an id so we can
manipulate it later
The bundle.js script will be
created with browserify
from Node.js code and will
contain our application logic

User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var dnode = require("dnode");
var shoe = require("shoe");

Get some modules. We will use

the browserify Node.js app to
package these for the browser.

var sock = shoe("/api");

Connect to server websocket.

On device:
npm install g browserify
first time only
cd /node_app_slot/web/js
browserify client.js o gen/bundle.js
On host (in web/js/gen directory of XDK project):
scp [email protected]:/node_app_slot/web/js/gen/bundle.js bundle.js
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User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var light_button = $('#light_button');

Use jQuery to get handles on

appropriate UI elements.

Optimization Notice

User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var dn = dnode();

dn.on("remote", function (remote) {

remote.state(set_light_state);
remote.set_notify(set_light_state);
light_button.click(function() {
remote.toggle(set_light_state);
});
});
sock.pipe(dn).pipe(sock);
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Get dnode API and

when page loads
Get current light state
Set up notifier callback
update light state.
Indicate what to do
when light button
clicked.
Connect dnode server
to web socket.

User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var dn = dnode();

dn.on("remote", function (remote) {

remote.state(set_light_state);
remote.set_notify(set_light_state);
light_button.click(function() {
remote.toggle(set_light_state);
});
});
sock.pipe(dn).pipe(sock);
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Optimization Notice

Get dnode API and

when page loads
Get current light state
Set up notifier callback
update light state.
Indicate what to do
when light button
clicked.
Connect dnode server
to web socket.

User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var dn = dnode();

dn.on("remote", function (remote) {

remote.state(set_light_state);
remote.set_notify(set_light_state);
light_button.click(function() {
remote.toggle(set_light_state);
});
});
sock.pipe(dn).pipe(sock);
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Optimization Notice

Get dnode API and

when page loads
Get current light state
Set up notifier callback
update light state.
Indicate what to do
when light button
clicked.
Connect dnode server
to web socket.

User Interface Client Script (client.js)

var dn = dnode();

dn.on("remote", function (remote) {

remote.state(set_light_state);
remote.set_notify(set_light_state);
light_button.click(function() {
remote.toggle(set_light_state);
});
});
sock.pipe(dn).pipe(sock);
50

Optimization Notice

Get dnode API and

when page loads
Get current light state
Set up notifier callback
update light state.
Indicate what to do
when light button
clicked.
Connect dnode server
to web socket.

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

var http = require("http");
Basic web protocol support
var ecstatic =
Basic web server that can serve
static web resources to client.
require("ecstatic")
(__dirname + "/web");
var dnode = require("dnode"); Remote function call service
Web socket wrapper/emulator.
var shoe = require("shoe");
var notify_light = null;

Optimization Notice

Callback to notify client of changes

in state; null value means it has
not been initialized by client yet.

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

Optimization Notice

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

var serv =
http.createServer(ecstatic);
serv.listen(8080);

var sock = shoe(

function (stream) {
var d = dnode(api);
stream.pipe(d).pipe(stream);
}
);
sock.install(serv,"/api");
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Optimization Notice

Start up a simple static

web server.
Listen to a test port (note
we use port 8080 rather
than the standard 80).
Start up a web socket
server and install the RPC
API on it using dnode.

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

var mraa = require("mraa");

Same as previous A3
solution.

var button = new mraa.Gpio(2);

button.dir(mraa.DIR_IN);

var led = new mraa.Pwm(3);

led.period(1);
led.enable(true);
var ambient = new mraa.Aio(0);
var knob = new mraa.Aio(1);
var light_state = false;
var last_push = button.read()
54

Optimization Notice

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

setInterval(function() {
A slight change here.
var push = button.read();
Can you spot it?
if (push && !last_push) {
light_state = !light_state;
if (notify_light) {
notify_light(light_state);
}
}
last_push = push;
if (light_state) {
led.write( knob.readFloat() * ambient.readFloat() );
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}
}, 100);
Optimization Notice

Thing Behavior and Server Script (main.js)

setInterval(function() {
Call any non-null notifier
var push = button.read();
callback when light state
if (push && !last_push) {
changes.
light_state = !light_state;
if (notify_light) {
notify_light(light_state);
}
}
last_push = push;
if (light_state) {
led.write( knob.readFloat() * ambient.readFloat() );
} else {
led.write( 0 );
}
}, 100);
Optimization Notice

Assignment 5 (25 min): Add a Blink Control

Modify the provided example code (A4) to add a new web control to
blink the light automatically.
This might be used for emergency signaling, for example.
Extend the dnode API with a new state variable, blink_state (mimic the
light_state state variable setup)
Add a new button on the web page using the provided blink_on.png
and blink_off.png images (mimic the code for the light image)
Modify the hardware control so that when the blink_state state variable
is 1, the light should automatically cycle between on and off with a
period of 2s (1s on, 1s off), but only if light_state is also 1
The image of the light on the web page should also blink along with the
physical light
57

Optimization Notice

Assignment 5: Solution
For the solution please see the files in the A5 directory

Optimization Notice

However There is a Problem

Unfortunately, a single notify callback is only sufficient for a single UI
client
event

Client 1

Optimization Notice

callback

notify

Thing

A Single Registered Callback is Insufficient

If multiple clients are used, the second callback registration overwrites
the first one
event

Client 1

Optimization Notice

callback 1

notify

Thing

Client 2

A Single Registered Callback is Insufficient

If multiple clients are used, the second callback registration overwrites
the first one
event

Client 1

Optimization Notice

callback 2
1

notify

Thing

Client 2

Solution: Multiple Registered Callbacks

This leads to the publish-subscribe pattern
A single publish event triggers multiple calls to subscribers
event

Client 1

Optimization Notice

cb1

cb2

Thing

Client 2

Publish-Subscribe
var subscribers = {};
function subscribe(cb,id) {
subscribers[id] = cb;
}
function unsubscribe(id) {
delete subscribers[id];
}

Optimization Notice

List of callbacks
Add a subscriber

Remove a subscriber

Publish-Subscribe
function publish(data) {
for (id in subscribers) {
subscribers[id](data);
}
}

Optimization Notice

Call all subscribers

Modular Publish-Subscribe Library

module.exports = function() {
this.subs = {};
this.subscribe =
function(cb,id) {
this.subs[id] = cb;
}
this.unsubscribe =
function(id) {
delete this.subs[id];
}

Optimization Notice

this.publish =
function() {
for (id in this.subs) {
this.subs[id].apply(
arguments
);
}
}
};

Automatic Unsubscribe on Disconnect

pubsub = require(./pubsub.js);

Create a pub-sub hub

hub = new pubsub();

var d = dnode(function(client,conn) {

Create a dnode interface

this.subscribe = function(cb,id) {
hub.subscribe(cb,id);
conn.on('end', function() {
hub.unsubscribe(id);

Subscribe function
automatically unsubscribes
when connection ends

});
}
});
stream.pipe(d).pipe(stream);
66

Optimization Notice

Connect to the socket

Automatic Unsubscribe on Disconnect

pubsub = require(./pubsub.js);

Create a pub-sub hub

hub = new pubsub();

var d = dnode(function(client,conn) {

Create a dnode interface

this.subscribe = function(cb,id) {
hub.subscribe(cb,id);
conn.on('end', function() {
hub.unsubscribe(id);

Subscribe function
automatically unsubscribes
when connection ends

});
}
});
stream.pipe(d).pipe(stream);
67

Optimization Notice

Connect to the socket

Assignment 6 (15 min; SKIP): Use Pub/Sub

Replace notify callbacks with pub/sub subscriptions for both light and
blink update events
Result should look the same but will properly support multiple clients
A pubsub.js library has been provided in A5
Solution:
Look in A6

Optimization Notice

Periodic Publishing Data Streams

Generalized publish/subscribe model can
also be used to stream data
Here we have augmented the web
interface with some graphs and dials that
are updated regularly with a status
update stream
Still has a notify subscription for button
push events
All graphs and dials are implemented
using HTML5 canvas functionality
69

Optimization Notice

Assignment 7 (3h; SKIP): Data Streaming and Viz

Add status subscription hub and API
Average down the knob, light, and led state
data and publish status data every second
Use meters to display the status data
Add a strip chart to display the status over
time
Update the light display to show the
apparent brightness before ambient
adjustment
Solution is in A7.
70

Optimization Notice

Assignment 8 (10 min; SKIP): Add Ambient Sensor

Actually, the previous picture is not really what you see when you run
the A7 code
The ambient meter is missing, and its not shown on the chart
Modify A7 to support the ambient sensor, following the code used for
the knob.
Solution: Please see the files in the A8 directory

Optimization Notice

Agenda

Optimization Notice

Internet of Things
Set up the Thing
Build the Thing
Program the Thing
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing (10m)
Conclusion

Web Services
Server (using Express)

Client (using Request)

// Create Express application object

// Get the request module

var express = require('express');

var app = express();

var request = require('request');

// Return some dynamic content

request('http://192.168.0.3/time.txt:8080',
function (error, response, body) {
if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
console.log(body) // Print the time
}
});

var time = require('time');

app.get('/time.txt', function(req, res){
var now = time.Date();
res.send('The time is
+now.getHours()
+':
+now.getMinutes());
});

// Make a request to a web server

// Start listening for connections

var server = app.listen(8080,
function() {
console.log('Listening on port %d',
server.address().port);
});
73

Optimization Notice

MQTT Server using Mosca and MongoDB*

var mosca = require('mosca')

server.on('ready', setup);

// Called when server is ready

var ascoltatore = {

// Using ascoltatore backend

type: 'mongo',
url:
'mongodb://localhost:27017/mqtt',
pubsubCollection:
'ascoltatori',
mongo: {}
};
var settings = {
port: 1883,
backend: ascoltatore
};
var server = new mosca.Server(settings);
74

Optimization Notice

function setup() {
console.log('Mosca is up');
}

// Called when client connects

server.on('clientConnected',
function(client) {
console.log('client connected',
client.id);
});

// Called when message is received

server.on('published',
function(packet, client) {
console.log('Published',
packet.payload);
});

MQTT Client Communications

Publish

var mqtt = require('mqtt');

// Create an MQTT client (here using static IP of server)
client = mqtt.createClient(1883,
192.168.0.2');
// Publish a message
client.publish('presence', 'Hello mqtt');

var mqtt = require('mqtt');

// Create an MQTT client (here using static IP of server)

client = mqtt.createClient(1883,
192.168.0.2');
// Indicate what topics we care about
client.subscribe('presence');
// Respond to message on subscribed topic(s)
client.on('message',
function (topic, message) {
console.log(topic,": ",message);
}
);
// Exit after 10s whether or not we get a message
setTimeout(function() {
client.end();
},10000)

Optimization Notice

Extend Light to Publish/Subscribe with MQTT

Publish

var mqtt = require('mqtt')

// Create an MQTT client

client = mqtt.createClient(1883,
192.168.0.2');

// Get my hostname

// Indicate what topics we care about (anything about any

light)

var os = require("os");
var hn = os.hostname();

client.subscribe(light/#');

// Respond to any messages on subscribed topic(s)

// Check knob periodically, publish state when it changes
var knob_state = knob.readFloat();
setInterval(function() {
var new_knob_state = knob.readFloat();
if (new_knob_state != knob_state) {
knob_state = new_knob_state;
client.publish(light/ + hn + /knob',
knob_state);
}
},100);
76

Optimization Notice

client.on('message',
function (topic, message) {
console.log(topic,": ",message);
}
);

// Hang around until killed

setInterval(function() {
console.log(still listening);
},10000)

Streaming Data to the Cloud with AWS* Kinesis*

var AWS = require('aws-sdk');
AWS.config.loadFromPath(
"/home/root/aws_config.json");

var kinesis = new AWS.Kinesis();

hub.subscribe(function(err,status) {

Send data to
Kinesis*

Set up AWS* SDK

Load AWS Credentials
Access Kinesis* sub-API
Create subscription for status
stream

},kinesis); // publish ID

Optimization Notice

Streaming Data to the Cloud with AWS* Kinesis*

var AWS = require('aws-sdk');

var log_data = {

AWS.config.loadFromPath(
"/home/root/aws_config.json");

'Data': JSON.stringify(status),

var kinesis = new AWS.Kinesis();

'PartitionKey':

'StreamName': 'Light',
};

hub.subscribe(function(err,status) {

Send data to
Kinesis*

kinesis.putRecord(log_data,
function(err,data) {
if (err) {

}
}

},kinesis); // publish ID

Optimization Notice

Agenda

Optimization Notice

Internet of Things
Set up the Thing
Build the Thing
Program the Thing
Network the Thing
Connect the Thing
Conclusion (5m)

Summary

The Internet of Things combines internet and embedded programming

Embedded things also need to interface with mobile devices and services

Mobile devices can act as user interfaces to things

One language can be used to program all of these: JavaScript*

JavaScript is used in both Node.js* (services, things) and HTML5 (devices)

A variety of libraries are available for hardware interfacing

A variety of mechanisms and libraries are available for communication

Things can talk to web services and even provide their own services

The Intel XDK IoT Edition provides a convenient way to program and
debug both mobile devices using HTML5 and things using Node.js

Optimization Notice

Call to Action
What have you done?
You have seen how to build a complete IoT system
- Not just a single thing, but a thing talking to both interface devices and services
- You seen how all this can be done using a single programming language, JavaScript *

Javascript is not a toy language

It is a power tool that can scale to thousands of devices and servers

What can you do?

Pretty much anything....
Home automation and security systems
Smart devices to manage energy or monitor the environment

Swarms of robot minions helpers to do your bidding

Optimization Notice

Additional Sources of Information

Intel IoT Dev Kit: https://software.intel.com/en-us/iot/devkit
More complete setup instructions: http://bit.ly/intel-iot-roadshow
Additional Seeed* Grove sensors:
http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/GROVE_System
Node.js* home page: http://nodejs.org/
Other Node.js packages (over a hundred thirty thousand to choose from):
https://www.npmjs.org/
List of further reading: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2353818/how-do-iget-started-with-node-js
Other references used in the preparation of these notes: next page
82

Optimization Notice

References
1.

Marc Wandschneider, Learning Node.js: A

Hands-on Guide to Building Web
Applications in JavaScript, AddisonWesley 2013

David Mark Clements, Node Cookbook,

Packt Publishing 2012

Sandro Pasquali, Mastering Node.js, Packt

Publishing 2013

Brad Dayley, Node.js, MongoDB, and

AngularJS Web Development, AddisonWesley 2014

Jim R. Wilson, Node.js the Right Way:

Practical, Server-Side JavaScript that
Scales, The Pragmatic Programmers
2013

Colin J. Ihrig, Pro Node.js for Developers,

Apress 2013

Pedro Teixeira, Professional Node.js:

Building JavaScript Based Scalable
Software, Wrox 2013
Optimization Notice

Blogs and articles:

http://ejohn.org/blog/node-js-stream-playground/
http://nodestreams.com/
http://blog.tableflip.io/building-a-dnode-rpc-server-in50-lines-of-code
http://substack.net/roll_your_own_pubsub_with_dnode
https://software.intel.com/enus/blogs/2014/10/26/mashery-apis-with-intel-edisonwith-intel-xdk
http://www.codefoster.com/edison-coding/

Legal Disclaimer & Optimization Notice

INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR

OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. INTEL ASSUMES NO
LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO THIS
INFORMATION INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHT.

Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel
microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer
systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the
results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your
contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products.

Optimization Notice

Intels compilers may or may not optimize to the same degree for non-Intel microprocessors for optimizations that are not unique to Intel
microprocessors. These optimizations include SSE2, SSE3, and SSSE3 instruction sets and other optimizations. Intel does not guarantee the
availability, functionality, or effectiveness of any optimization on microprocessors not manufactured by Intel. Microprocessor-dependent
optimizations in this product are intended for use with Intel microprocessors. Certain optimizations not specific to Intel microarchitecture
are reserved for Intel microprocessors. Please refer to the applicable product User and Reference Guides for more information regarding the
specific instruction sets covered by this notice.
Notice revision #20110804
84

Optimization Notice

Legal Notices and Disclaimers

Intel technologies features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. Learn more at intel.com,
or from the OEM or retailer.
No computer system can be absolutely secure.
Tests document performance of components on a particular test, in specific systems. Differences in hardware, software, or configuration will affect actual
performance. Consult other sources of information to evaluate performance as you consider your purchase. For more complete information about performance and
benchmark results, visit http://www.intel.com/performance.
Cost reduction scenarios described are intended as examples of how a given Intel-based product, in the specified circumstances and configurations, may affect future
costs and provide cost savings. Circumstances will vary. Intel does not guarantee any costs or cost reduction.
This document contains information on products, services and/or processes in development. All information provided here is subject to change without notice.
Contact your Intel representative to obtain the latest forecast, schedule, specifications and roadmaps.
Statements in this document that refer to Intels plans and expectations for the quarter, the year, and the future, are forward-looking statements that involve a
number of risks and uncertainties. A detailed discussion of the factors that could affect Intels results and plans is included in Intels SEC filings, including the annual
report on Form 10-K.
The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current
characterized errata are available on request.
No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document.
Intel does not control or audit third-party benchmark data or the web sites referenced in this document. You should visit the referenced web site and confirm whether
referenced data are accurate.
Intel, Atom, Core, and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
The Bluetooth word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Intel is under license.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
2015 Intel Corporation.
85

Optimization Notice

Risk Factors
The above statements and any others in this document that refer to plans and expectations for the first quarter, the year and the future are forwardlooking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks,"
"estimates," "may," "will," "should" and their variations identify forward-looking statements. Statements that refer to or are based on projections,
uncertain events or assumptions also identify forward-looking statements. Many factors could affect Intel's actual results, and variances from Intel's
current expectations regarding such factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements.
Intel presently considers the following to be important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the company's expectations.
Demand for Intels products is highly variable and could differ from expectations due to factors including changes in the business and economic
conditions; consumer confidence or income levels; customer acceptance of Intels and competitors products; competitive and pricing pressures,
including actions taken by competitors; supply constraints and other disruptions affecting customers; changes in customer order patterns including
order cancellations; and changes in the level of inventory at customers. Intels gross margin percentage could vary significantly from expectations based
on capacity utilization; variations in inventory valuation, including variations related to the timing of qualifying products for sale; changes in revenue
levels; segment product mix; the timing and execution of the manufacturing ramp and associated costs; excess or obsolete inventory; changes in unit
costs; defects or disruptions in the supply of materials or resources; and product manufacturing quality/yields. Variations in gross margin may also be
caused by the timing of Intel product introductions and related expenses, including marketing expenses, and Intels ability to respond quickly to
technological developments and to introduce new features into existing products, which may result in restructuring and asset impairment charges.
Intel's results could be affected by adverse economic, social, political and physical/infrastructure conditions in countries where Intel, its customers or its
suppliers operate, including military conflict and other security risks, natural disasters, infrastructure disruptions, health concerns and fluctuations in
currency exchange rates. Results may also be affected by the formal or informal imposition by countries of new or revised export and/or import and
doing-business regulations, which could be changed without prior notice. Intel operates in highly competitive industries and its operations have high
costs that are either fixed or difficult to reduce in the short term. The amount, timing and execution of Intels stock repurchase program and dividend
program could be affected by changes in Intels priorities for the use of cash, such as operational spending, capital spending, acquisitions, and as a result
of changes to Intels cash flows and changes in tax laws. Product defects or errata (deviations from published specifications) may adversely impact our
expenses, revenues and reputation. Intels results could be affected by litigation or regulatory matters involving intellectual property, stockholder,
consumer, antitrust, disclosure and other issues. An unfavorable ruling could include monetary damages or an injunction prohibiting Intel from
manufacturing or selling one or more products, precluding particular business practices, impacting Intels ability to design its products, or requiring
other remedies such as compulsory licensing of intellectual property. Intels results may be affected by the timing of closing of acquisitions, divestitures
and other significant transactions. A detailed discussion of these and other factors that could affect Intels results is included in Intels SEC filings,
including the companys most recent reports on Form 10-Q, Form 10-K and earnings release.
86

Rev. 1/15/15

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