TRUCK, TRACTOR and TRAILER

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

Vehicle Valuation Services, Inc.

1 South 450 Summit Avenue
Suite 380
Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181
--888.475.9975
Fax: 888.475.9935
www.v-v-s.com
1
2000 Vehicle Valuation Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Not To Be Reproduced.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Over The Road Tractors
OTR Common Components
OTR Common Options
Other Tractor Types
Glider Kits
Buses
Dump Trucks
Emergency Vehicles
Mixers
Refrigerated Trucks
Refuse Packers/Recyclers
Wreckers
Straight Truck Overview
Misc. Inter-City Work Trucks
Truck Information To Note
Trailer Overview
Agricultural Trailers
Auto Transport Trailers
Construction & Heavy Hauling
Dump Trailers
Dry Freight Vans
Flat Bed Trailers
Furniture Vans
Horse Trailers
Refrigerated Trailers
Tank Trailers
Miscellaneous Trailers
Liftgates and Wheelchair Lifts
Wheel and Tire Information
Trailer Information To Note
Truck and Trailer Glossary

page 4 8
page 9
page 10
page 11 13
page 14 15
page 16 17
page 18 20
page 21 22
page 23
page 24
page 25 27
page 28 29
page 30
page 31 41
page 42
page 43
page 44 - 45
page 46
page 47 49
page 50 51
page 52 55
page 56
page 57
page 58
page 59
page 60 - 61
page 62
page 63
page 64 - 65
page 66
page 67 - 77
3

OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS

Conventional
Aerodyne Tractor
Sleeper Size
Fifth Wheel

Disc (Budd) Wheels

Tandem Axle

OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont.

Conventional
Aerodyne Tractor
Integral Air Deflector
Side Fairing

Front Spoiler
Fuel Tank Shields

OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont.

Conventional
Long Nose Tractor
Stand Up Sleeper
Exhaust Stacks

Aluminum Fuel Tanks

Aluminum Steps

OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont.

Cab Over Engine

(COE) Tractor
Cab Size
Fifth Wheel

Disc (Budd) Wheels

Tandem Axle

OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont.

Flat Roof Sleeper

Mid Roof Sleeper

Raised (Penthouse)
Sleeper

Sleeper Interiors

OTR TRACTOR COMPONENTS & OPTIONS

Common Components
Engine: 350 to 600 HP
Transmission: 9 to 18 Speed
Axles: 3
Drive Axles: 2
Front Axle Rating: 12,000 lb.
Rear Axle Rating: 40,000 lb.
Cab: Air Ride
Interior: Deluxe
Sleeper (Conv): 36 to 72
Sleeper (COE): 86 to 112
Fuel Tanks: Dual 100 to 150 gal. Aluminum
Suspension: Air Ride or Spring
Wheels: Steel or Aluminum Disc
Tires: 11R22.5 or 11R24.5 Radial
Fifth Wheel: Air Slide

OTR TRACTOR COMPONENTS & OPTIONS

Common Options
Roof Mount Air Deflector
Side Fairing
Full Aerodynamics
Extended Hood
Engine (Jake) Brake
Brougham Interior
Stand Up or Penthouse Sleeper
Driver Air Bag
Collision Warning System (VORAD)
Electronic Braking System (EBS)
Headache Rack
Chrome Packages
Stainless Steel Quarter Fenders

10

OTHER TRACTOR TYPES

Single Axle Work Tractors are

typically equipped with 12,000 lb.
front & 23,000 lb. rear axles and
spring suspension.

Single Axle Work Tractor

Tandem Axle Work Tractors are

typically equipped with 12,000 lb.
front & 40,000 lb. rear axles and
spring suspension.
In extreme service, axle ratings may
be 18,000 lb. front & 48,000 lb.
rear (Michigan Specials).
Common additional components are
Wet Line Kits and/or walking beam
(Hendrickson) suspensions.

Tandem Axle Work

Tractor

Hot Shot Tractors were developed

to circumvent the Commercial Driver
License (CDL) requirements. They
are designed to transport light and
medium weight loads in a intra-state
environment.
They are typically equipped with
7,000 lb. front & 17,000 lb. rear
axles and spring suspension.

Hot Shot Tractor

11

OTHER TRACTOR TYPES - cont.

Yard Jockey (spotter) Tractors are

typically designed and built for off
street applications.

Single Axle Yard Jockey

Available in single or tandem axle

configurations, they feature a
hydraulically adjustable fifth wheel
for quick movement and placement
of semi-trailers.

Tandem Axle Yard Jockey

12

OTHER TRACTOR TYPES - cont.

Most tractors are available with

either a Forward or Set Back front
axle.
Forward Axles offer a better ride.
Setback Axles allow a shorter
turning radius and provide a
improved weight distribution.

Forward/Setback
Front Axle
Trailer Toter Tractors are typically
equipped with 12,000 lb. & 23,000
lb. rear axles.

Trailer Toter

Trailer Toter Rear View

They are specifically modified with a

hydraulic powered ball hitch for the
transport of office trailers and
manufactured housing (mobile
homes).

13

GLIDER KITS

14

GLIDER KITS cont.

Gliders are a complete truck chassis and cab

minus the drivetrain components.
Gliders include a finished cab and hood, a complete interior,
front axle and brakes, front suspension and steering, fuel
tanks, electrical system and engine cooling system.
Gliders do not include an engine, transmission,
differential, rear axle and rear suspension.
When built properly they can be worth up to 75%
of the value of the same new vehicle.
Factors that affect the value of Gliders are:
Quality of construction.
Age and condition of the drivetrain.
Compliance with federal safety and emission
standards.

Under the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, the safe harbor 75% test
Includes an exception of paying Federal Excise Tax (FET) on the
purchase or use of a Glider Kit vehicle if the refurbishment is a result of
suffering a total loss.

15

BUSES

Conventional School Buses are

built on Ford, GM, Freightliner or
Navistar Chassis, with capacities
ranging from 35 to 72 passengers.
These may be equipped with gas or
diesel engines, typically with
automatic transmissions.

School Bus
Conventional Cab

Common additional equipment

for all School Buses include
wheelchair lifts, raised floor and
restraint systems.
Flat Nose School Buses have a
rear engine design, with capacities
ranging from 60 to 84 passengers.

School Bus
Flat Nose

They are typically equipped with a

diesel engine and automatic
transmission.
Mini School Buses are built on
Ford or GM chassis, with a capacity
range from 4 to 20 passengers.
They are equipped with a gas or
diesel engine and an automatic
transmission.

School Bus
Mini Cutaway

16

BUSES - cont.

Transit (municipal) Buses are built

on NHTSA standards and have a
capacity range from 30 to 50
passengers.

Transit Bus

They are equipped with a diesel or

propane converted engine and an
automatic transmission.
Common additional equipment
for all Transit Buses include
wheelchair lifts, raised floor and
restraint systems.

Shuttle Bus

Cutaway style Shuttle Buses are

built on Ford or GM chassis, with a
capacity range from 4 to 24
passengers.

Transit Coaches are designed for

longer distance travel and
commonly feature lavatories,
underbody storage and aircraft style
seating.

Transit Coach

17

DUMP TRUCKS

Class 6 Single Axle Dumps are

typically equipped with 7,000 lb.
front & 17,000 lb. rear axles.

Class 6 Dump

Common additional equipment

for all Dump Trucks include
cabguards, air gates, coal chutes,
tarp assemblies, extended sides,
pintle hitches, plows and salt
spreaders.
Class 3 Contractor Dumps are
typically equipped with 4,000 lb.
front & 7,000 lb. rear axles.
Class 4 and 5 Contractor Dumps
have axles ratings of up to 5,000 lb.
front & 10,000 lb. rear.

Contractor Dump

Grain Dumps have either single or

tandem rear axles. The sides are of
lightweight sheet steel or aluminum.

Grain Dump
18

DUMP TRUCKS - cont.

Side Dumps have a pivoting ram

that allows the body to tilt in three
directions; right, left or back.

Side Dump

Common additional equipment

for all Dump Trucks include
cabguards, air gates, coal chutes,
tarp assemblies, extended sides,
pintle hitches, plows and salt
spreaders.

Scissor Dumps have a two way

hoist that allows either the entire
body to raise or tilt from the front.

Scissor Dump
Tandem Axle Dumps are typically
equipped with 12,000 lb. front and
44,000 lb. rear axles.
The dump bodies are of aluminum
or steel construction.

Tandem Axle Dump

with Aluminum Body

19

DUMP TRUCKS - cont.

Tri-Axle Dumps have a third axle

that can be either stationary or
controlled up and down (air lift) from
the cab.

Tri-Axle Dump with

Steel Body Dump

The dump bodies are of aluminum

or steel construction.

Transfer Dumps combine a roll off

truck chassis with a pup type roll off
trailer.

Transfer Dump
Common additional equipment
for all Dump Trucks include
cabguards, air gates, coal chutes,
tarp assemblies, extended sides
and pintle hitches.

20

EMERGENCY VEHICLES

Type I Ambulances are based on 1

Ton chassis with dual rear wheels.
The patient module does not have a
walk thru from the cab.

Ambulance Type I

Ambulance Type II

All ambulances typically have

dual OEM alternators, dual
batteries, throttle idler, auxiliary
transmission cooler, light bar,
siren, flashers, warning lights,
oxygen outlets, vacuum pump
and modular cabinets.

Type II Ambulances are based on

1 Ton Cargo van chassis. They
typically offer a raised roof and have
a walk thru.

Type III Ambulances are based on

1 ton cutaway chassis. The patient
module has a walk thru.

Ambulance Type III

21

EMERGENCY VEHICLES

Type VII Ambulances are based on

Class 6 chassis with dual rear
wheels. The patient module does
not have a walk thru from the cab.

Ambulance Type VII

Medical Attack Vehicle

All ambulances typically have

dual OEM alternators, dual
batteries, throttle idler, auxiliary
transmission cooler, light bar,
siren, flashers, warning lights,
oxygen outlets, vacuum pump
and modular cabinets.

Medical Attack Vehicles (MAVs)

are based on Class 6 chassis with
dual rear wheels. The patient
module does not have a walk thru
from the cab.

Squad Rescue Vehicles (SRVs)

are based on Class 6 chassis with
dual rear wheels. The patient
module does not have a walk thru
from the cab.

Squad Rescue Vehicle

22

MIXERS

Rear Discharge Mixers are

typically equipped with 18,000 lb.
front & 48,000 lb. rear axles.
Drum sizes range from 8 to 12 yard
capacity.

Rear Discharge
Cement Mixer

Rear Discharge
Cement Mixer
with BoostALoad

Common options on all Mixers

include floatation tires, tag or
pusher axles, front driving axle
(6X6), night lighting, aluminum
water tank, air lift charge hopper
and a third chute.

BoostALoad (Bridgemaster) axles

allow compliance with federal bridge
laws.

Front Discharge Mixers are

typically equipped with 18,000 lb.
front & 48,000 lb. rear axles.
Drum sizes range from 10 to 12 yard
capacity.

Front Discharge
Cement Mixer

23

REFRIGERATED TRUCKS

Cold Plates have a heavily

insulated body with a removable
freezing unit.
This allows for economical operation
than running a cooling unit for day to
day operations.

Cold Plate
Refrigerated (Reefer) Bodies are
insulated and have a cooling unit
that is self powered by a gas or
diesel engine.

Refrigerated Van

Refrigerated trucks offer a more

controlled environment than a Cold
Plate and can be left running for
extended periods of time.

Refrigerated Slide In Bodies are

insulated and have a cooling unit
that is self powered by a gas or
diesel engine. Small units may be
powered by the vehicles engine
through a PTO.

Refrigerated Slide In
24

REFUSE PACKERS and RECYCLERS

Container Trucks are mounted on

medium duty single rear axle
chassis and are designed to pick up
one or two 3 to 8 yard hoppers.

Container Delivery

They typically are equipped with

7,000 lb. front & 17,000 lb. rear
axles.
Load Luggers are severe service
tandem axle trucks designed for
heavy compact loads such as scrap
metal or concrete.

Load Lugger

Container size range from 8 to 14

yards and typically are equipped
with 12,000 lb. front & 44,000 lb rear
axles.
Front Load Packers are available
in standard or low profile
configurations and have a capacity
of 31 to 45 yards.
They typically are equipped with
18,000 lb. front & 44,000 lb. rear
axles..

Packer Front Load

Low Profile

Options include dual or right side

steering, adjustable forks, scales
25
and cameras.

REFUSE PACKERS and RECYCLERS cont.

Rear Load Packers are available in

standard or low profile
configurations with a capacity of 15
to 32 yards.
Options include work lights, pusher
or tag axle, winch, reeving cylinder,
hopper liner, cart tipper, tipper bar,
wash out tank, scale and cameras.

Packer Rear Load

These typically are equipped with

18,000 lb. front & 44,000 lb. rear
axles.

Side Load Packers are available in

standard or low profile
configurations with a capacity of 28
to 35 yards.

Packer Side Load

Low Profile

Options include dual or right side

steering, work lights, round floor,
pusher or tag axle, wash out tank,
cart tippers, scale and cameras.
These typically are equipped with
18000 lb. & 44,000 lb. rear axles.

26

REFUSE PACKERS and RECYCLERS cont.

Roll Offs are heavy duty tandem

axle trucks designed for scrap or
refuse applications.
These typically are equipped with
18000 lb. front & 44,000 lb. rear
axles and a 40 ton hoist.

Roll Off
Options include an air operated third
axle.

Recyclers are medium duty trucks

with 8 to 12 compartments for the
separation of materials.

Recycler Stand Up

These are typically equipped with

7,000 lb. front & 17,000 lb. rear
axles.

Options include dual or right side

steering, stand up steering, work
lights and cart tippers.

27

WRECKERS

Car Carriers are medium duty

trucks with 17.5 to 21 steel or
aluminum decks that roll back and
down at a 10 to 12 angle.

Car Carrier (Roll Back)

They typically are equipped with a

8,000 lb. to 10,000 lb. winch, tool
box, safety chains and a light bar.
Common options include wheel lifts,
motorcycle lifts, work lights, self
loading dollies and diamond plate
dress up kits.

Car Carrier - Extended

Wreckers (tow trucks) are usually
mounted on 1 to 1 ton chassis.
They typically are equipped with a
telescoping hydraulic arm, 8,000 lb.
to 10,000 lb. winch and safety
chains.

Wrecker with Wheel Lift

Common options include single or

dual lines, wheel lifts, motorcycle
lifts, work lights, self loading dollies
and diamond plate dress up kits.
28

WRECKERS cont.

Heavy Duty Wreckers are Class 8

trucks equipped with one or two
hydraulic arms and a 30 to 50 ton
winch.
They are typically equipped with
hydraulic extendable outriggers.

Heavy Duty Wrecker

Wheel Lift only trucks are used in
the repossession business.
They typically have in cab controls
that operate the wheel snatcher.

Wheel Lift

Motorcycle Lift
29

INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS

Class 6 Straight Truck

With Van Body
Body Height
Body Length

Dual Rear Wheels

Step Fuel Tank

30

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS

Armored Trucks are typically

mounted on Class 3 to 6 chassis.
Features include full body armor,
bullet proof glass and run flat tires.

Armored Truck

Common options include lift gates

and remote cooling.

Asphalt Distributors typically have

a 800 to 1500 gallon steel tank with
a rear spray bar.
They may have either single or
tandem rear axles.

Asphalt Distributor

Beverage Trucks typically have 8 to

12 bays, each with a roll up door.
They may have either single or
tandem rear axles.

Beverage Truck
31

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Boom Trucks are hydraulic cranes

mounted on a medium to heavy duty
chassis.
They typically feature hydraulic
outriggers, a 40 to 100 sheave
(boom) height and jib. Lifting
capacity ranges up to 15 ton.

Boom Truck
Bucket Trucks are typically
mounted on a Class 3 to 6 chassis.
Features include dual remote
controls, extenda boom, rotating
bucket, tool box body and hydraulic
outriggers.

Bucket Truck Tandem Axle

Booms have a range of 18 to 60.

Options include a 2 man bucket.

Bucket Truck Van Style

32

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

A Cab & Chassis is the base

vehicle on which all bodies are
attached.

Cab & Chassis

They may be gas or diesel powered

and have axle ratings with a range
of 5,000 lb. front & 15,000 lb. rear,
to 12,000 lb. front & 40,000 lb. rear
on a tandem.
The length of the frame is critical in
determining what size of body can
be mounted.

Catering Truck

Catering Trucks are typically

equipped with propane heaters,
stainless steel racks and shelving.

Concrete Pumps are used to

transfer ready mix from a mixer to a
construction site.
They typically have a boom reach of
60 to 100.

Concrete Pump
33

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Crane Trucks have an

independently mounted short boom
crane on a frame or utility body.

Crane Truck

Typical specifications include a

12,000 lb. rating, but can go as high
as 30 ton (60,000 lb.)
Typical boom reach is 10 to 20.

Curtain Vans are similar to Dry

Vans except that the sides are open
and covered with canvas tarpaulins.
This allows access to all areas of
the cargo body.

Curtain Van
Digger Derricks are a drilling rig
mounted on a Class 6 to 8 chassis.
They typically feature a 20 ton
Winch and a 2 section boom
mounted on a utility body.

Digger Derrick
34

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Dry Bulk Tankers provide sanitary

storage and high speed unloading of
bulk commodities.
Construction is either aluminum or
stainless steel.

Dry Bulk Tanker

Flat Bed Trucks range from Class 3
(1 Ton) to Class 8.

Flat Bed

Typical accessories include side

pockets for removable stakes, cab
guards (headache rack) and a
winch.

Forestry Trucks are typically

equipped with a bucket and a
chipper body.
They may also have 4 wheel drive.

Forestry Truck

35

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Fuel Tankers typically have 2 to 4

compartments and a pump and
metering system.
Construction may be steel,
aluminum or stainless steel.

Fuel Tanker
Furniture Vans have a Dry Van
type body with lowered body, side
doors, additional interior tie downs
and smooth plywood walls.

Furniture Van with Attic

Typical features include underbody

storage and forward storage over
the roof of the cab (attic).

Grapple Trucks are normally used

in forestry or refuse applications.
They have a light duty boom and
typically have a dump body.

Grapple Truck

36

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

High Cubes are mounted on 1 ton

cutaway chassis and constructed of
aluminum or fiberglass re-enforced
plastic (FRP).
Bodies range in length from 10 to
16.

High Cube Van

Ladder Cranes are designed for
sign work and feature a hydraulic
boom with a range of 20 to 100.

Ladder Crane

Landscaper Bodies are normally

mounted on a 1 ton chassis.
They feature a flatbed with a
dovetail and ramp gate to allow the
loading of equipment and refuse.

Landscaping Truck
37

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Logging Trucks are typically

equipped with 16,000 lb. front &
44,000 lb. rear axles and heavy duty
walking beam (Hendrickson)
suspensions.

Logging Truck

Common equipment includes bunk

bodies, grapple loader, scales and
additional axles or triggers.

Lube Trucks are equipped with 1 or

2 fuel tanks , grease and oil tanks
and tool boxes.

Lube Truck
Mechanic Trucks have an
independently mounted short boom
crane on a utility body.
Typical specifications include a
4,200 lb. to 10,000 lb. boom with a
8 to 12 reach.

Mechanic Truck

Other common equipment include a

welder, air compressor and vise.
38

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Service Bodies are normally

mounted on a 1 ton chassis and
feature a 6 to 10 compartments.
The center section may be open or
enclosed.

Service Truck

Stake Beds are flatbeds with fixed

or removable side slates.

Stake Bed Truck

These sides are typically made of

wood or steel open construction.

A Step Van is a complete body built

on a forward control chassis.

Step Van

The body is normally made of

aluminum or steel and range in
length from 10 to 24.

39

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Street Sweepers are equipped with

a water tank and heavy adjustable
brushes.
They are typically mounted on single
axle Class 6 chassis.

Street Sweeper
Utility Bodies are most commonly
mounted on a 1 Ton chassis and
feature 6 to 12 compartments with a
open or closed center section.
Options include a ladder/pipe rack.

Utility Truck
Vacuum Trucks are equipped with
a 1 or 2 compartment steel tank and
vacuum pump assembly; and are
used for pump out work on sewers
and lavatories.

Vacuum Truck
40

MISC. INTER-CITY WORK TRUCKS cont.

Van Body Trucks typically vary

length from 12 to 28 and may be
gas or diesel powered.
Axle ratings range from 5,000 lb.
front & 15,000 lb. rear, to 12,000 lb.
front & 40,000 lb. rear on a tandem.

Van Body Truck

Options include nose cone, liftgate

and side doors.

Water Trucks are mounted on a

Class 7 or 8 chassis, have baffled
compartments, a PTO driven pump
system and typically feature front,
rear and side mounted spray heads.

Water Truck

Capacities range from 1,500 to

6,000 gallons.

Water Truck - Rear

41

INFORMATION TO NOTE FOR TRUCK VALUATIONS

VIN
Year, Make, Model
Engine Make & Model
Engine Brake (diesels only)
Transmission Make & Model
Number of Axles
Axle Rating
Suspension Type
Type of Use
Sleeper Size & Type (if applicable)
Body Type (straight trucks only)
Fifth Wheel Type (tractors only)
Type & Number of Fuel Tanks
Tire Size & Condition
Wheel Type
Engine Overhaul Information
Aerodynamics
Headache Rack
Interior Trim Level
Chrome Packages

SEE VEHICLE REQUEST FORM FOR COMPLETE

LIST.
42

TRAILERS and SEMI-TRAILERS

Dry Freight
Van
Length in Feet
Width in Inches

Landing Gear
Height in Feet

43

AUTO TRANSPORT TRAILERS

Auto Transport Trailers have a

series of hydraulic lifts to load and
unload their cargo.

5 Car Transport

Most include a specialized rack that

is positioned over the cab of the
tractor.
They are equipped with hold down
winches and chains.

9 Car Transport

6 Car Enclosed
Transport
44

AGRICULTURAL TRAILERS

Livestock Trailers have two or

three decks for the transport of live
animals.
Some have adjustable racks for
mixed loads.

Livestock Belly Trailer

Livestock Straight Trailer

Corn Hopper Trailers have one or
two bottom hoppers for unloading.

Corn Trailer with Double

Bottom Hoppers

They are typically constructed of

aluminum and have tandem or triaxles.

45

AGRICULTURAL TRAILERS cont.

Grain Trailers are typically

constructed of aluminum and may
be open top vans, bottom hoppers,
lift dumps or walking floors.

Grain Trailer

Grain Trailer with Hopper

Walking Floor Trailers have either

a rotating belt on the floor or shaker
that moves back and forth.

Grain Trailer with

Walking Floor
46

CONSTRUCTION and HEAVY HAULING TRAILERS

Double Drop Deck

Double Drop Deck Trailers have a

lowered floor between the axles and
are designed for oversize loads and
machinery.
They may be equipped with ramps
for loading heavy equipment.
Capacity range from 30 to 50 ton.

Double Drop Deck with

Ramps

Single Drop Deck Trailers are

equipped with either ramps or a
hydraulic dove tail.

Single Drop Deck with

Dove Tail

The dove tail is able to extend for

loading, and then retract for
transport.

Dove Tail - Extended

For Loading
47

CONSTRUCTION and HEAVY HAULING TRAILERS cont.

Hydraulic Detachable Gooseneck

Trailers are designed for heavy
equipment hauling.

Hydraulic Detachable

The front gooseneck is self lifting

with a locking ratchet and stays
attached to the tractor for unloading.
They are typically available with
capacities of 30 to 60 tons, but can
go as high as 150 ton with auxiliary
axle assemblies.

Hydraulic Detachable Extendable

Common options include apitong

flooring, beavertails, self contained
power units and flip third or fourth
axles.

Flip Up Axles

48

CONSTRUCTION and HEAVY HAULING TRAILERS cont.

Drop Deck Tilt Trailers have a bed

that tilts down hydraulically for easy
loading of equipment.

Tilt Bed Drop Deck

They typically have a rated capacity

of 20 to 30 tons and two to four
axles.
Common accessories include dock
level hydraulics and a electric winch.

Flat Bed Tilt Trailers may tilt

manually or hydraulically.

Tilt Bed - Flat

They typically have a rated capacity

of 5 ton 20 tons and two to four
axles.
Utility Trailers may tilt manually or
be equipped with a dove tail or ramp
to facilitate loading.

Utility

They typically have a rated capacity

of 5 ton 20 tons and two to four
axles.

49

DUMP TRAILERS

Frame Type Dump Trailers have a

full length frame support, are
constructed of steel or aluminum
and range in length up to 48.
These trailers are more stable when
dumping on uneven surfaces or with
uneven loads than frameless types.

Dump Frame Type

Common equipment for dump

trailers include tarp assemblies, air
gates, coal chutes,third or fourth
axle and side boards.

Frameless Dumps are lighter than

frame type allowing more cargo.
They are typically constructed of
aluminum and range in length up to
48.

Dump - Frameless
50

DUMP TRAILERS cont.

Bottom Dump Trailers are

equipped with a hopper assembly
for unloading.

Bottom Dump

They may be constructed of steel or

aluminum.

Demolition Dumps are typically

made of steel and have thick side
walls.

Demolition Dump

Transfer Dump

Common equipment for dump

trailers include tarp assemblies, air
gates, coal chutes,third or fourth
axle and side boards.

Transfer Dumps combine a roll off

truck chassis with a pup type roll off
trailer.

51

DRY FREIGHT VANS

Ribbed Dry Freight Vans are

constructed of aluminum with an
interior lining of plywood or
fiberglass.

Ribbed Side Dry Freight

The length ranges from 20 to 53,

width from 96 to 102 and height up
to 136.

Smooth Side Dry Freight Vans are

constructed of of aluminum or FRP,
with an interior lining of plywood or
fiberglass.

Smooth Side Dry Freight

The length ranges from 20 to 53,

width from 96 to 102 and height up
to 136.

Common equipment on all Dry Vans

include wall scuff plates, side
doors,and ribbed flooring.

Stainless Steel Dry Freight

52

DRY FREIGHT VANS cont.

Intermodal Dry Freight Vans are

equipped with added supports along
the top and bottom to allow for lifting
on a rail car.
Construction is typically steel with a
plywood lining and lengths vary from
18 to 48.

Intermodal Dry Freight

Logistic Dry Freight Vans have

interior mounting brackets to
separate and tie down commodities.
Construction is aluminum or FRP,
with an interior lining of plywood or
fiberglass.
The length ranges from 20 to 53,
width from 96 to 102 and height up
to 136.

Logistic Dry Freight

53

DRY FREIGHT VANS

Doubles (Pups) are short trailers

designed to be pulled in tandem or
triples.

Dry Freight Doubles

Construction is aluminum or FRP,

interior lining of plywood or
fiberglass, length range from 20 to
40, width from 96 to 102 and
height up to 136.

Dollies are a fifth wheel mounted on

a single axle and are used to
connect pup trailers.

Double Dollies
Tauntliner (Curtain) Vans are
similar to Dry Freight Vans except
that the sides are open and covered
with canvas tarpaulins.
This allows access to the entire
cargo area.

Tauntliner
54

DRY FREIGHT VANS

Containers are designed to be

shipped by rail or water and are
mounted on a chassis for highway
use.

Dry Freight
Shipping Container

Construction is typically unlined

steel and lengths vary from 18 to
45.

Container Chassis can be either

fixed or adjustable in length.

Shipping Container
Chassis
Fifth Wheel Dry Vans are designed
for hitch mounting on a platform or
pick up bed.

Dry Freight Fifth Wheel

55

FLAT BED TRAILERS

Flat Beds range in length up to 53

and are constructed of steel or
aluminum with a steel, wood or
aluminum floor.

Flat Bed

Flat Bed with Bulkhead

Common equipment includes rail

pockets which allow insertion of
stake sides, winches and D rings.
A front Bulkhead is a common
feature of Flat Beds. This stops the
commodity from shifting forward
during loading or under vehicle
braking.

Spread Axles allow better weight

distribution for some types of loads.

Flat Bed with Spread Axles

Removable Sideboards and Tarps
provide weather protection.

56

Flat Bed with Sideboards and Tarp

FURNITURE VANS

Furniture Vans have a lowered

body, side doors, additional interior
tie downs and smooth plywood
walls.
They typically range in length from
28 to 53.

Furniture Van

Furniture Doubles

57

HORSE TRAILERS

Horse Trailers are typically

constructed of steel or aluminum
and have a capacity from two to
twelve horses.
They are available as pull mounts,
fifth wheel hitches or semi trailer
configurations.

2 Horse Trailer

Common features are heat ,

extended roofs, slant loads, tack
rooms and slide outs.

4 Horse Trailer

6 Horse Gooseneck
Trailer with Tack Room
58

REFRIGERATED TRAILERS

Refrigerated Vans are constructed

of aluminum with an interior lining of
plywood or kemlite.
The length ranges from 20 to 53,
width from 96 to 102 and height to
136.

Ribbed Side Refrigerated

Common equipment includes wall

scuff plates and side doors.

Refrigerated Trailer
Without Cooling Unit

59

Cooling Unit

TANK TRAILERS

Asphalt Tankers are constructed of

steel and may have an aluminum
skin.
They are insulated and heated, and
have a pump discharge.

Asphalt Tanker

Bulk Commodity Trailers are

designed to provide sanitary storage
and high speed unloading.
Construction is either aluminum or
stainless steel.
Feed may be gravity, product pump
or vacuum.

Bulk - Commodity
Bulk Liquid Trailers are designed
to provide sanitary storage and high
speed unloading.
Construction is either aluminum or
stainless steel.
Feed may be gravity, product pump
or vacuum.

Bulk - Liquid

60

TANK TRAILERS

Petroleum Tanks typically have

from 2 to 4 compartments with
integral pumps.
Construction may be steel or
aluminum.

Petroleum Tank

Petroleum Pups
Sanitary Liquid Trailers are
designed to provide controlled
storage of food commodities.
Construction is stainless steel or
aluminum skinned and they have a
sanitary product pump.

Sanitary Tank
61

MISCELLANEOUS TRAILERS

Logging Trailers are Flat Beds

equipped with poles to secure the
cargo.

Logging Pole Trailer

Recycling Trailers are equipped

with 8 to 12 compartments for the
separation of materials.

Recycling Trailer

Refuse Uniloader Trailers have a

moving floor that allows offloading a
commodity.

Refuse Uniloader
(Walking Floor)

They are typically constructed of

steel or aluminum with an attached
tarp system.

62

LIFTGATES and WHEELCHAIR LIFTS

Liftgates are designed to raise

loads from the ground to trailer level.
They have a capacity range from
1,000 lb. to 10,000 lb. and may
either fold under the body or stand
up against the rear when not in use.

Liftgate
Outside Rail Liftgates are of a
heavy duty design with a capacity of
2,000 lb. to 10,000 lb.

Outside Rail Liftgate

Wheelchair Lifts are designed for
buses or vans and raise up to deck
height.

Wheel Chair Lift

63

WHEEL & TIRE INFORMATION

Spoke (Dayton) Wheels are commonly found

on heavy duty work trucks. They are of two
piece construction with a cast iron hub
mounted on the truck or trailer.

Spoke
(Dayton)

Steel Disc (Budd) Wheels are one piece and

have 10 holes. They are commonly found on
highway trucks and trailers.

Steel Disc
(Budd)

Aluminum Disc (Budd) Wheels are one piece

and have 10 holes. They are commonly found
on the front axle of highway trucks.

Aluminum Disc
(Budd)
64

WHEEL & TIRE INFORMATION

Use a quarter (25) as a guide. Insert it

between the treads of the tire.

New

75%

50%

A new tire on a Class 6 8 truck or

Trailer will have 28/32 of an inch of tread.

At 75%, it has 21/32 of an inch or tread.

At 50%, it has 14/32 of an inch of tread.

At 25%, it has 7/32 of an inch of tread.

25%
65

INFORMATION TO NOTE FOR TRAILER VALUATIONS

VIN
Year, Make, Model
Type of Use
Construction
Length
Height
Width
Number of Axles
Suspension
Wheel Type
Tire Size and Condition
Overall Condition

SEE TRAILER REQUEST FORM FOR COMPLETE

LIST.

66

GLOSSARY OF TRUCK TERMINOLOGY

AERO-DYNAMICS
PACKAGE

A group of components consisting of the following: roof mount wind

deflector, side fairings, front spoiler and fuel tank skirting. Also see
individual listing for each item.

AFTER COOLER

A performance device found on diesel engines.

AIR BAGS

Pneumatic air bags serving as springs.

AIR BRAKE
DRYER

A device that removes moisture from air-operated brake systems.

AIR FOIL

see WIND DEFLECTOR.

AIR RIDE
SUSPENSION

A series of air filled bags mounted on a tractor or trailer suspension

that provide a softer, more controlled ride.

AIR SLIDE
FIFTH WHEEL

A fifth wheel that can be positioned remotely through a control in the

cab of a tractor. Also see FIFTH WHEEL.

ALUMINUM
DISC WHEELS

see DISC WHEELS.

ANTEATER

A generic description of a low profile, high aerodynamic tractor.

ATTIC

The part of a van body which extends over the cab of the truck.

AUXILIARY
TRANSMISSION

Extra transmission mounted behind the main transmission to provide

additional gear splits.

BANJO

Rear axle drive or differential housing.

BBC

Front bumper to back of cab dimension. Measured in inches.

BINDERS

Lever-type device used on trailers for securing cargo.

BLOWER

A turbo charger on diesel engines.

BOBTAIL

Tractor being driven without a trailer attached. Also a straight truck.

BOGIE

Tandem rear axle assembly (same as TANDEM AXLE and DUAL DRIVE
TANDEM).

BROWNIE

Auxiliary transmission mounted behind the main transmission.

BUDD WHEELS

See DISC WHEELS.

BULKHEAD

The part of a trailer that extends vertically.

1

CAB

The part of the vehicle that encloses the driver and operating controls.

CAB OVER
ENGINE

See COE.

C A DIMENSION

The distance from the back of the truck cab to the centerline of the rear
axle. Measured in inches.

CAMELBACK
SUSPENSION

A type of heavy-duty rear spring suspension.

CAB PROTECTOR

A shield covering the rear of a cab, normally constructed of steel,

aluminum or mesh.

CLEARANCE LIGHTS The small lights found on each corner of a trailer and on top corners of
trucks and tractors.
CLASS 1-8 TRUCK

Truck with the following Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW):

CLASS
1
2
3
4

GVW
6,000 or less
6,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 14,000
14,001 - 16,000

CLASS
5
6
7
8

GVW
16,001 - 19,500
19,501 - 26,000
26,001 - 33,000
33,001 and over

COE

A truck or tractor designed with the engine under the cab and having the
provisions for the cab to tilt forward on a pivot to allow access to the
engine.

COFC

Container on a (rail) flat car.

COMBINATION
VEHICLE

An equipment configuration which includes a separate power unit

combined with a trailer. Also known as a TRACTOR-SEMI-TRAILER.

COMMERCIAL
TRAILER

A trailer used to handle freight in the transportation of goods for

others: excludes house trailers, light farm trailers, car trailers, etc.

CONVENTIONAL
CAB

Cab in which the engine is mounted forward of the driver compartment.

CROSS MEMBER

The portion of frame on tractors and trailers that runs at a right angle
between the main and left and right frame rails.

DAY CAB

A non-sleeper tractor.

DAYTON WHEELS

see SPOKE WHEELS.

DEAD AXLE

An axle without any driving power. Also known as a TAG AXLE.

DISC WHEELS

A one-piece tire rim. Available in steel, chromed steel, and aluminum.

Also known as BUDD WHEELS.

DOLLY

An auxiliary axle assembly having a fifth wheel. Used for converting a

semi-trailer to a full trailer.
2

DOUBLE

A combination of two trailers pulled by a power unit. Usually refers to a

tractor pulling two 28 trailers. Also see ROCKY MOUNTAIN DOUBLE
and TURNPIKE DOUBLE.

DRAG AXLE

See TAG AXLE.

DRIVE AXLE

Front and/or rear axle connected to the power unit.

DROP DECK
TRAILER

A flatbed type trailer with a belly section the same or lower than the
height of the axle(s).

DRY VAN

A trailer with an enclosed body; not refrigerated.

DUAL DRIVE
TANDEM

Two axles having drive mechanisms connected to an engine power

unit. Also see BOGIE and TANDEM AXLE.

DUMPER

A dump truck or dump body.

DUPLEX

A transmission having five speeds forward with a two-speed auxiliary;

thus giving ten speeds forward. There are two shift levers on this
transmission.

ENGINE BRAKE
RETARDER

A device using engine compression to slow a vehicle down, saving

the vehicles air operated brake system. Available only with diesel
engines. Also known as a JAKE BRAKE.

EXTENDED HOOD

An option or model of a Class 8 conventional truck with a longer hood.

The hood normally extends an additional 12.

F. E. T.

Federal Excise Tax. Applied to the purchase of all new medium (33,000
lb.) and heavy-duty trucks, trailers, and equipment.

FIFTH WHEEL

A device used to connect a semi-trailer and a tractor. May be stationary

(fixed) or sliding. Also see AIR SLIDE FIFTH WHEEL and MANUAL
SLIDE FIFTH WHEEL.

FIFTH WHEEL
HITCH

A hitch mounted inside the bed of a pickup body and used for gooseneck
trailers or RVs.

FLAPS

Large rubber or other flexible material mounted behind the rear wheels of
tractors and trailers, to shield against rocks or other objects being kicked
up from the tires.

FLAT BED

Either mounted on a cab & chassis or a type of semi-trailer, this body has
no sides and comes in various lengths. It is usually constructed of steel
or aluminum with a wood plank base.

FLAT TOP SLEEPER

A sleeper box whose height is flush with the top of the tractors cab.

FLOAT

An extendable flat bed or lowboy trailer.

FLOATATION
TIRES

Over-width tires with a cross-section greater than 14 inches. Applicable

only to construction vehicles.
3

FRONT SPOILER

Aerodynamic aid attached to the lower front bumper.

FUEL TANK
SKIRTING

Aerodynamic aid attached over the fuel tanks creating a flush face
surface between the cab and frame.

GLIDER KIT

A cab and chassis with all components except the complete drive train
(engine, transmission, differential, and rear axles).

GOOSENECK
TRAILER

A trailer pulled by a FIFTH WHEEL HITCH.

GRAIN BED

An open top, high-sided body used for transporting grain. These

normally are equipped with a lift or bottom dump.

GROSS COMBINED
VEHICLE WEIGHT
(GCW)

The maximum allowable load for a tractor and trailer.

GROSS VEHICLE
WEIGHT(GVW)

The maximum allowable fully laden weight of the vehicle and its payload
The most common classification method used by manufacturers and
states for trucks and tractors.

HEADACHE RACK

A protective device found behind the back window of a truck or tractor. Is

either attached to the frame of a tractor or part of a trucks body.

HEAVY DUTY
TRUCK

Truck or tractor with a gross vehicle weight in excess of 19,500 lb.

(Class 6 - 8).

HIGH CUBE VAN

Combination of a van front section and a box-like cargo section.

HIGH TILT CAB

See COE.

HENDRICKSON
SUSPENSION

A walking beam rear suspension. Used primarily on heavy duty

construction type trucks.

HOT SHOT

A light or medium duty tractor equipped with an after-market sleeper.

IN-FRAME MAJOR
OVERHAUL

Diesel engine overhaul performed in the vehicle. Includes the

replacement of main and thrust bearings, rod bearings, cylinder liners
pistons, and rings and reconditioning of the cylinder head.

ILS

In Lieu of Stock, i.e. a component or piece of equipment on the vehicle

which differs from the standard factory equipment.

JAKE BRAKE

Jacobs Engine Brake. See ENGINE BRAKE RETARDER.

KING PIN

The pin on a trailer that connects it to the fifth wheel of the tractor.

KING PIN PLATE

The large flat plate surrounding the king pin on a trailer.

KIT

See GLIDER KIT.

LADDER RACK

Commonly found on light duty utility bed trucks. This rack allows open
storage from the back of the truck to over the cab.
4

LANDING GEAR

The small wheels mounted underneath the front of a semi-trailer to

support the front when it is disconnected from the tractor.

LIFT GATE

A mechanism found on the rear of a truck body that is used to load and
unload heavy products. The gate is rated in pound capacity and powered
either hydraulically or electrically.

LIGHT DUTY
TRUCK

Truck with a Gross Vehicle Weight of 10,000 lb. or less (Class 1 & 2).

LONG NOSE
CONVENTIONAL

A truck or tractor with a front bumper to back of cab dimensions (BBC)

of 112 or more.

LOW BOY

A trailer primarily used for hauling heavy machinery with a detachable

tongue and capacity rating in tons.

MANUAL SLIDE
FIFTH WHEEL

A fifth wheel that can be adjusted manually forward or back along the
frame of a tractor. Also see FIFTH WHEEL and AIR SLIDE FIFTH
WHEEL.

MECHANICS TRUCK

A utility bed attached to a cab and chassis that also has other equipment
attached. Other equipment may include any combination of the following:
an air compressor, welder or small crane.

MEDIUM DUTY
TRUCK

Truck or tractor with a gross vehicle weight of 10,001 to 19,500 lb.

(Class 3 - 5).

MICHIGAN
SPECIAL

A truck or tractor equipped with minimum front and rear axle ratings
of 18,000 and 44,000 lb.

MIXER

A truck mounted cement mixer.

NOSE CONE

Found on the front of van bodies and dry van trailers, this piece is
attached to increase aero-dynamics.

OWNER/OPERATOR
PACKAGE

An Over The Road tractor with the following equipment: minimum 86

cab for COEs, 36 sleeper on conventionals, air conditioning, dual
aluminum fuel tanks, am/fm stereo radio, and multi-colored paint. Must
also have eleven of the following: carpet, headliner, deluxe interior,
power windows, high back seats, full instrument gauges, dual air horns,
spot lights, visibility windows, step package, aluminum or chrome
bumper, stainless quarter fenders, dual heated stainless steel mirrors,
and/or chrome air inlets.

OUT-OF-FRAME
MAJOR OVERHAUL

Diesel engine overhaul performed with the engine removed from the
vehicle. Includes all In-Frame repairs with the addition of reconditioning
the complete lower end, including the crankshaft.

OVER THE ROAD

TRACTOR OR
TRUCK

A vehicle equipped and in condition for long haul operations.

PENTHOUSE

A sleeper unit and least 78 high with skylight type windows.

PIGGYBACK

The transportation of highway trailers or containers trailer bodies on rail

cars specifically equipped for the service.

PIG TAIL

The electrical cable that connects the tractor unit with the trailer.

PIPE RACK

Similar to a LADDER RACK but can have cylindrical tubes for enclosed
storage.

POGO STICK

A metal pole with springs mounted behind the cab that support the air
lines.

POWER TRAIN

The group of components used to transmit engine power to the wheels.

Includes engine, clutch, transmission, universal joints, drive shafts and
rear axle gears and shafts.

POWER UNIT

The control and pulling vehicle for trailers and semi-trailers. Also see
TRACTOR.

PTO

Power Take Off - a device that harnesses engine power to operate

mechanical accessories.

PUSHER AXLE

A non-powered truck or tractor axle set in front of powered axle. Also

see TAG AXLE and TANDEM AXLE.

RECAPS

Tires that have had the tread replaced. Also known as Bandags.

REEFER

Refrigerated truck body, trailer or semi-trailer.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN
DOUBLE

A combination vehicle consisting of a tractor, a 40 - 48 trailer, and a

shorter second trailer. Also see DOUBLE and TURNPIKE DOUBLE.

ROOF MOUNT
WIND DEFLECTOR

See WIND DEFLECTOR.

SADDLE TANKS

Fuel tanks that are mounted along the frame just to the rear of the cab.

SEMI -TRAILER

Truck trailer equipped with one or more axles and constructed so that the
front end rests upon a truck tractor.

SET BACK FRONT

AXLE

Front axle located purposely toward the rear for increased load
distribution.

SHORT NOSE
CONVENTIONAL

A truck or tractor with front bumper to back of cab dimension (BBC) of

95 or less.

SIDE FAIRING

Aerodynamic aid attached to rear sides of a truck or tractor creating a

flush surface from the vehicle to the trailer.

SINGLE SCREW

A tractor with a single driven axle.

SIX BY SIX

(Written 6X6), a tractor having six wheels driving (3 axles), i.e. a

tandem rear-end with driving front axle.

SLEEPER SIZE

The front to rear dimension in inches. Used on Conventional Cab

Tractors.

SLIDING REAR
AXLE

A trailer axle that can move forward or back along the frame rails.

SPOKE WHEELS

Two-piece cast iron and steel tire rims. Also known as DAYTON
WHEELS.

STACKS

Vertical exhaust pipes on a tractor.

STAKE BED

A flat bed with vertical posts and horizontal slates, usually made of wood
or steel.

STAND UP SLEEPER A tall sleeper box similar to a PENTHOUSE SLEEPER without the
skylight windows.
STEEL DISC
WHEELS

See DISC WHEELS.

STRAIGHT TRUCK

A vehicle with the cargo body and cab mounted on the same chassis.

STEP TANKS

Fuel tanks that integrate a step for access to the cab.

STEP VAN

A complete body built on a forward control chassis, referred to as a

bread truck or a UPS type vehicle.

SUPER SINGLES

Very wide tires that take the place of dual wheels on each axle. A rear
tandem axle truck normally has 8 tires, however, if equipped with super
singles it will have only 4. Usually found on mixers or dumps.

TAG AXLE

A non-powered truck or tractor axle set behind a powered axle. Also

known as TRAILING TANDEM.

TANDEM AXLE

Two axles operated from a single suspension. Also see BOGIE and
DUAL DRIVE TANDEM AXLE.

TOFC

Trailer On (rail) Flat Car.

TRACTOR

A truck cab and chassis without a body and equipped with a fifth wheel.
Used for pulling a semi-trailer.

TRACTOR SEMITRAILER

A combination vehicle consisting of a power unit (tractor) and semi-trailer.

TRAILER

A vehicle designed without motive power to be drawn by anther vehicle.

TRAILING
TANDEM AXLE

See DUAL DRIVE TANDEM AXLE, TAG AXLE, and TANDEM AXLE.

TRI-AXLE
TANDEM

Three axles operated from a single suspension.

TRUCK

A motor vehicle designed to carry an entire load. It may consist of a

chassis and body, a chassis, cab and body, or be of integrated
construction so that the body and chassis form a single unit.

TURNPIKE
DOUBLE

A combination vehicle consisting of a power unit (tractor) and two trailers

of at least 40 in length. See also DOUBLE and ROCKY MTN. DOUBLE.

TWIN SCREW

A double rear axle drive unit.

TWIN TRAILER

A short semi-trailer under 29 designed to be operated as part of a

combination vehicle with a tandem trailer of similar length.

TWO SPEED
AXLE

A rear axle with two ratios and a mechanism for selection.

UTILITY BED

A truck bed attached to the cab and chassis that has compartments and
toolboxes accessible from the exterior of the bed. The interior is normally
open but can be equipped with an optional enclosure.

VISIBILITY WINDOW

A window in the lower portion of the door, which enables the operator to
look down on traffic.

WEST COAST
MIRRORS

Large rear view mirrors on both sides of the cab.

WEST COAST
RIG

A special light weight truck or tractor.

WET LINE KIT

A hydraulic pump and reservoir assembly used to operate a dump trailer.

WHEEL BASE

The distance between the centerlines of the front and rear axles. For
trucks or trailers with tandem or tri-axles, the centerline is midway
between the rear axles.

WHEEL POWER

The total number of axles of a power unit (X) the number of wheels
powered and multiplied by 2. Example is 3 axles, 2 of which are power
is listed as 6x4.

WIND DEFLECTOR

Aerodynamic aid attached to the roof of a truck, or tractor creating an air

stream over the trailer. Also see AIR FOIL.

Phone: 888.475.9975
Fax: 888.475.9935

Revised 02/03/00

68