Income Funds: What It Is

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Income Funds

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What it is:
Income funds are mutual funds, ETFs or any other type of fund that seek to generate an
income stream for shareholders by investing in securities that offer dividends or interest
payments. The funds can hold bonds, preferred stock, common stock or even real estate
investment trusts (REITs).

How it works/Example:
Income funds can be conservative to risky investments, depending on the holdings. Some
funds only invest in securities from established, creditworthy companies that make consistent
dividend or interest payments, making them relatively conservative investments. Other funds
invest in riskier investments like REITs and junk bonds and aim for higher yields than other,
more conservative funds.
As with other funds, one of the greatest advantages of income funds is instant diversification.
However, the inclusion of both stocks and bonds in the same fund takes some income funds
to another level of diversification. Stock and bond prices generally have a negative
correlation -- when stock prices go up, bond prices tend to go down and vice versa. Because
some income funds invest in both the stock and bond markets, income funds usually offer an
added hedge against market risk. However, some analysts argue that as interest rates and
inflation fall, the negative correlation is not as strong, and the hedge is not as effective.
It is important to note that the goal of maximizing income doesn't always result in regular
payments to income fund investors. Many income funds (especially "growth and income
funds") do not make regular distributions, instead they make special payments when they see
fit. Investors should read the fund's prospectus and do other research before investing.

Why it Matters:
Income funds make it easy for investors to invest in a diversified pool of dividend or interest
paying securities. It's important to note that the price of the funds are not fixed and fluctuate
with market conditions. However, capital appreciation is secondary to high current income
and capital preservation.
Income investors must consider their risk tolerance, the fund's expense level and the fund's
tax efficiency for their particular circumstances. The prospectus is the most important
document to study because it details not only the fund's fee schedule but also its investment
methods, goals and strategies, and the fund manager's background. For investors with longerterm investment horizons, income funds can boost income and help diversify a portfolio.

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