Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 56 views

    Ass 10

    Uploaded by

    sadf f
    This document contains the details of Assignment 10 for the course Algebra 2. The assignment includes 7 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, inner product spaces, isometries, orthogonal transformations, and countable bases. Specifically, it asks students to: 1. Show that a normal operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has a square root. 2. Show that a self-adjoint operator on a finite-dimensional real inner product space need not have a square root, and determine whether it always has a cube root. 3. Define an inner product on the complex vector space of n×n matrices using the trace, and show that a given linear

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ass 10

    Uploaded by

    sadf f
    56 views3 pages
    This document contains the details of Assignment 10 for the course Algebra 2. The assignment includes 7 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, inner product spaces, isometries, orthogonal transformations, and countable bases. Specifically, it asks students to: 1. Show that a normal operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has a square root. 2. Show that a self-adjoint operator on a finite-dimensional real inner product space need not have a square root, and determine whether it always has a cube root. 3. Define an inner product on the complex vector space of n×n matrices using the trace, and show that a given linear

    Original Description:

    MATH 251 Honours Linear Algebra

    Original Title

    ass10

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains the details of Assignment 10 for the course Algebra 2. The assignment includes 7 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, inner product spaces, isometries, orthogonal transformations, and countable bases. Specifically, it asks students to: 1. Show that a normal operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has a square root. 2. Show that a self-adjoint operator on a finite-dimensional real inner product space need not have a square root, and determine whether it always has a cube root. 3. Define an inner product on the complex vector space of n×n matrices using the trace, and show that a given linear

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views3 pages

    Ass 10

    Uploaded by

    sadf f
    This document contains the details of Assignment 10 for the course Algebra 2. The assignment includes 7 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, inner product spaces, isometries, orthogonal transformations, and countable bases. Specifically, it asks students to: 1. Show that a normal operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has a square root. 2. Show that a self-adjoint operator on a finite-dimensional real inner product space need not have a square root, and determine whether it always has a cube root. 3. Define an inner product on the complex vector space of n×n matrices using the trace, and show that a given linear

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    189-251B: Algebra 2

    Assignment 10
    Due: Wednesday, March 26

    1. Let T be a normal operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner product


    space. Show that T has a square root, i.e., there is a normal operator S such
    that S 2 = T .

    2. Show that a self-adjoint operator T on a finite-dimensional real inner


    product space need not have a square root. Does it always have a cube root,
    i.e., is there a self-adjoint linear transformation S such that S 3 = T ?

    3. Let V = Mn (C) be the complex vector space of n n matrices with


    complex entries, and define a complex-valued function on V V by the rule
    hA, Bi = trace(AB ),
    where B denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix B, and the trace of
    a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.
    (a) Show that this function defines a complex inner product on V .
    (b) Given a matrix M Mn (C), define a linear transformation TM :

    V V by the rule TM (A) = M A. Show that TM


    = TM . (Hint: the
    identity trace(AB) = trace(BA) may be useful.)

    4. A linear operator T on a real inner product space is called an isometry (or


    an orthogonal transformation) if ||T (v)|| = ||v|| for all v V . An nn matrix
    M is called orthogonal if its columns are an orthonormal set of vectors relative
    to the standard inner product on Rn . Justify this multiple use of the word
    orthogonal by showing that the matrix of an orthogonal transformation
    relative to an orthonormal basis for V is an orthogonal matrix. (We already
    1

    did this, pretty much, in class, but perhaps a bit quickly: this exercise is just
    to give you a chance to go over your notes...).

    5. Show that if T is any linear operator on an inner product space V , then


    T T is self-adjoint.

    6. A linear transformation on an inner product space is said to be skewadjoint if T = T . Show that ever linear transformation T on a (real or
    complex) inner product space can be uniquely writen as the sum of a selfadjoint transformation T1 and a skew-adjoint transformation T2 , and that T1
    and T2 commute if and only if T is normal.

    7. Let V be the vector space of infinite sequences (a1 , a2 , . . .) with entries


    in a field F . The goal of this exercise is to lead you to prove that V never
    admits a countable basis. In class, we proved this when F is a finite field,
    by observing that a vector space over F with a countable basis would have
    to be countable, while V (as a set) is uncountable. As some of you pointed
    out to me after class, this argument is not completely satisfying: it does not
    extend to the case where F is uncountable (F = R for example) and besides,
    such a statement really ought to admit a proof that is independent of the
    field.
    a) Show that, if V admits a countable basis, then there is a nested sequence of subspaces
    W1 W 2 W n
    satisfying

    j=1 Wj = V.

    dim(Wj ) = j,

    (The latter equality asserts that every vector v in V belongs to some Wj , for
    j sufficently large and depending of course on v.)
    b) It will be convenient to represent a sequence (an )n1 as a concatenation
    of sequences (s2 , s3 , s4 , . . .) where sj is a sequence of length j. For each j 2,
    show that there is a sequence Sj of length j with the property that
    sj = Sj (s2 , . . . , sj , . . .)
    / Wj1 .
    2

    c) Use b) and a diagonalisation argument analogous to Cantors to construct a vector v V which does not belong to any of the Wj s. Conclude
    that V does not have a countable basis.

    You might also like