Aph 15 Cylinder Head Valvetrain BN

Volkswagen New Beetle
1.8 Liter 4-Cyl. 5V Turbo OBD II Engine Mechanical

15 Engine- Cylinder head, Valvetrain (Page GR-15)
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Cylinder head, removing and installing

Compression pressures, checking
Cylinder head, removing and installing
Valve gear, servicing
Camshaft oil seal, replacing
Camshaft, removing and installing
Hydraulic lifters, checking
Valve guides, checking
Valve guides, replacing
Valve seats, reworking
Valve stem seals, replacing

Pistons and connecting rods, disassembling and assembling (Page 15-1)
Checking compressions
Page 15-15
Notes:
When installing an exchange cylinder head with fitted camshaft, the contact surfaces
between the hydraulic lifters and the cam must be oiled before installing the cylinder
head cover.
The plastic packing pieces for protecting the open valves must not be removed until
immediately before fitting cylinder head.
If the cylinder head is replaced, all the coolant in the system must also be replaced.
Removing and installing intake manifold:
Repair Manual, 1.8 Liter 4-Cyl. 5V Turbo OBDII Fuel Injection & Ignition, Repair
Group 24

Cylinder head, removing and installing (Page 15-2)
1 - Cap
Replace seal if damaged
2 - 10 Nm
3 - Cylinder head cover
4 - Cylinder head cover gasket
Replace if damaged
Before installing, coat transition from bearing cap e.g. camshaft adjuster/chain
tightener to cylinder head with D454300A2
Page 15-28 , Fig. 4 and 5
5 - Oil deflector
Note installation position: above inlet camshaft
6 - Cylinder head
Check for distortion
Fig. 1
Reworking sealing surface
Page 15-26 , Fig. 1
Removing and installing
Page 15-5
After replacing replace the complete coolant

7 - Intake manifold gasket

Replace
8 - Cylinder head gasket
Replace
Metal gasket
If replaced replace the complete coolant
Note installation position: Identification: Part No. must be readable from inlet side
9 - 25 Nm
For tensioner
10 - Exhaust manifold gasket

Replace
Note fitting position
11 - Cylinder head bolt
Replace
Sequence when loosening and tightening
Page 15-5

Fig. 1 Checking cylinder head for distortion

Max. permissible distortion: 0.1 mm

Special tools and equipment

V.A.G 1306 Drip tray
V.A.G 1332 Torque wrench (40-200 Nm)
V.A.G. 1921 Hose clip pliers

Prerequisites
The engine must be no more than warm to touch
Work sequence
- First check whether a coded radio is fitted. If this is the case, obtain the anti - theft
coding.
- With the ignition switched off, disconnect battery Ground strap.
- Remove engine cover.
- Drain coolant
Page 19-13 .
- Remove secondary air pump motor and bracket.
WARNING!
Fuel supply pipes are under pressure! Before removing from hose connection wrap
a cloth around the connection. Then release pressure by carefully pulling hose off
connection.
- Separate fuel supply as well as fuel return pipes at connection on fuel rail. The fuel
system is under pressure, therefore place a cloth over the connection before the
hoses are pulled off.

Seal the pipes so that the fuel system is not contaminated by dirt etc.
Now remove the coolant hose connections on the cylinder head.
Remove inter - connecting, coolant, vacuum and intake hoses on engine.
Pull connector(s) off ignition coils.
Pull off/disconnect all other electrical connections as necessary from engine and lay
to one side.
Remove intake air hose from connection of the exhaust turbocharger as follows:
Pull off hose at pressure regulator valve of crankshaft ventilation 2.
Pull off harness connector at wastegate bypass regulator valve (N75).
Pull off hose 4 at wastegate bypass regulator valve (N75).
Disconnect hose 5 from solenoid valve to turbocharger at bulkhead.

- Disconnect hose between EVAP canister and exhaust turbocharger at bulkhead.

- Pull out securing buckle at connector of the exhaust turbocharger and remove air
intake hose.
- Remove heat protection pad 1 from air guiding hose 2 (observe installation position).
- Remove air guiding hose 2.
- Loosen 2 bolts from bracket of upper air guiding hose
Page 21-8 , Item 8
- Remove heat protection pad from air guiding hose (observe installation position) and
loosen clamp 3.
- Remove screws 1 and 4 for heat shield from behind cylinder head.
- Loosen screws 2 and 5.

- Remove the air guiding hose, hose to turbocharger and heatshield.
Remove the three exhaust gas turbocharger/exhaust manifold securing bolts - 1 - .

Remove ribbed belt
Page 13-8 .
Remove tensioning element for ribbed belt.
Remove toothed belt guard (upper part).
- Set camshaft sprocket to TDC No. 1 cylinder by turning the crankshaft. Mark on
camshaft sprocket must align with arrow on toothed belt guard.
- Mark D.O.R. of toothed belt.

- Remove toothed belt tensioner as follows:
- Screw threaded stud M5x55 - 1 - into toothed belt tensioner. Fit hexagon nut - 2 with large washer - 3 - onto threaded stud - 1 - .
- Tension piston of tensioning device just sufficient so that the piston can be locked
with a pin (e.g. from the lifting tackle MP 9 - 201) - arrow - .
- Remove toothed belt.
- Turn crankshaft back slightly.
- Loosen pressure piston again and remove threaded pin.
- Remove ignition coils.
- Remove cylinder head cover.
- Loosen socket head bolts in the sequence given and then remove completely.
- Carefully lift cylinder head off.

Installing
Notes:
There must be no oil or coolant in the cylinder head bolt pockets in the cylinder
head.
Only remove the new cylinder head gasket from its packing immediately before
installing.
Handle the new gasket with extreme care. Damaging will lead to leaks.
- Place a clean cloth in cylinders so that no dirt or emery cloth particles can get in
between cylinder wall and piston.
- Also prevent dirt and emery cloth particles from getting into the coolant.
- Carefully clean cylinder head and cylinder block sealing surfaces. Thereby ensuring
that no scoring or scratches are formed (when using abrasive paper the grade must
not be less than 100).
- Carefully remove metal particles, emery remains and cloths.

- Turn crankshaft to TDC No. 1 cylinder.

- Loosen bolts 1 and 2 at bracket for turbocharger approx. 2 revolutions in order to

avoid tension when installing cylinder head.

- Fit new cylinder head gasket. Lettering (Part No.) must be readable.
- Remove guide pins with removal tool from 3070. To do this turn removal tool anti clockwise, until the pins are free.
- Fit cylinder head, screw in 8 remaining cylinder head bolts and tighten by hand.
Tighten cylinder head in tightening sequence as follows:

Pretighten all bolts to 40 Nm.
Then tighten all bolts a 1/4 turn (90 ) further using a ridged wrench.
Then tighten all bolts again a 1/4 turn (90 ) further.
Notes:
There is no requirement to retighten the cylinder head bolts after repairs.

- Remove gasket between turbocharger/exhaust manifold and bolt turbocharger as

well as the bracket to the cylinder head.
- Install toothed belt and adjust valve timing
Page 13-11
Filling with new coolant
Page 19-13 .
The rest of the assembly is basically a reverse of the dismantling sequence.
- Check DTC memory.
Repair Manual, 1.8 Liter 4 - Cyl. 5V Turbo OBDII Fuel Injection & Ignition, Repair
Group 01
- Read out readiness code.
Group 01
- Match engine electronics control unit to throttle valve control module.
Group 24
If the fault memory has been erased or the engine control unit separated from the
permanent positive, the readiness code must be generated again.
Group 01

Compression pressures, checking

3122 B Spark plug spanner
V.A.G 1763 Compression tester

- Remove fuse 32.

Notes:
Removing fuse 32 interrupts the voltage supply to the injectors.
Test conditions
Engine oil temperature must be at least 30 C.
Work sequence
- Pull connector(s) off ignition coils.
- Remove ignition coils.
- Remove spark plugs with spark plug spanner 3122B.
- Fully open throttle valve.
Notes:
Using the compression tester
Operating instructions.
- Check compressions with compression tester V.A.G1381/V.A.G1763.
- Operate starter until tester shows no further pressure increase.

Compression pressure:
New: 10-13 bar
Wear limit: 7.5 bar
Permissible difference between all cylinders: 3 bar
- Thread in spark plugs using 3122B spark plug removal tool and tighten to 30 Nm.
- Install ignition coils and tighten to 10 Nm.
- Check DTC memory.
Group 01
- Read out readiness code.
Group 01

Valve gear, servicing (Page 15-18)
Notes:
Cylinder heads which have cracks between the valve seats or between valve seat
inserts and the spark plug thread can be used further without reducing service life,
provided the cracks do not exceed a maximum of 0.3 mm in width, or when no more
than the first four spark plug threads are cracked.
After installing new hydraulic lifters, the engine must not be started for approx. 30
minutes (otherwise valves will strike pistons), then turn crankshaft two rotations.

1 - 65 Nm
Use counter - hold 3036 to loosen and tighten
2 - Camshaft sprocket
Note installation position: small web of the camshaft sprocket points outward and the
No. 1 Cyl. TDC marking is visible
3 - Oil seal
Replacing
Page 15-32
4 - Cylinder head
Page 15-1
Reworking valve seats

Page 15-29
Reworking sealing surface
Fig. 1
Sealing transition points
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5

5 - Valve guide
Checking
Page 15-50
6 - Valve stem seal
Replacing
Page 15-53
7 - Valve spring
Removing and installing: remove cylinder head with 3362
Installing
Page 15-53
8 - Upper valve spring plate
9 - Valve keepers

10 - Hydraulic lifter
Do not interchange
With hydraulic valve clearance compensation
Checking
Page 15-40
Store with cam contact surface downward
Before installing check camshaft axial clearance
Oil contact surface
11 - Inlet camshaft
Checking axial clearance
Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Page 15-42
Checking radial clearance with plastigage:
Wear limit: 0.1 mm
Run - out: max. 0.01 mm
12 - Inlet camshaft bearing cap
Installation position and installation sequence
Page 15-42

13 - Double bearing cap

Lightly coat bearing cap contact surface with sealant AMV 174 004 01
Must sit on alignment bushing
Seal transitions of double - bearing cap/cylinder head
Page 15-28 , Fig. 4
14 - Exhaust camshaft
Checking axial clearance
Fig. 2
Page 15-42
Checking radial clearance with plastigage:
Wear limit: 0.1 mm
Run - out: max.: 0.01 mm

15 - Exhaust camshaft bearing cap

Installation position and installation sequence
Page 15-42
16 - 10 Nm
17 - 10 Nm
18 - Drive chain
Before removing mark D.O.R. (installation position)
Page 15-42
19 - Chain tensioner
Secure with 3366 before removing
Page 15-42
Seal transition of hydraulic chain tensioner/cylinder head
Page 15-28 , Fig. 5

20 - Gasket
Replace
21 - Gasket
Replace
22 - Valves
Sodium filled
Note instructions for recycling sodium filled valves
Do not rework only grinding - in is permitted
Valve dimensions
Fig. 3
Page 15-27
23 - Valves
Do not rework; only grinding - in is permitted
Valve dimensions
Fig. 3

24 - Oil seal
Lightly oil sealing lip of oil seal
Replacing
Page 15-32
25 - Hood
For Hall sender
When installing note fixing arrangement
26 - Washer
Conical
27 - 25 Nm
28 - Hall sender (G40)

Group 28
29 - 10 Nm

Fig. 1 Reworking cylinder head sealing surface

The dimension for reworking is measured through the holes for the cylinder head bolts.
- a - = minimum 139.2 mm
Fig. 2 Checking camshaft axial clearance

Universal dial gauge bracket VW 387
Dial gauge
Check with hydraulic lifters and chain removed and No. 2 and 4 bearing caps fitted.
Wear limit: max. 0.2 mm

Fig. 3 Valve dimensions

Notes:
Valves must not be reworked. Only lapping - in is permitted.
Notes:
Care must be taken when disposing of old sodium filled valves. They must be cut through
in the center of the stem with a hacksaw. When doing this they must be perfectly dry. The
valves prepared in this way can then be thrown into a bucket of water a maximum of ten
at a time. When doing this step back quickly because a sudden chemical reaction causes
the sodium filling to burn. After this treatment, the valves can be put in with the normal
scrap.

Fig. 4 Sealing transition points between double bearing cap and cylinder head
- Carefully apply a thin coat of sealant "D 454 300 A2" to both edges of sealing
surfaces between double bearing cap and cylinder head - arrows - using a small
screwdriver.
Fig. 5 Sealing transition points between chain tensioner/cylinder head

- Carefully apply a thin coat of sealant "D 454 300 A2" to both edges of sealing
surfaces between camshaft adjuster and cylinder head - arrows - using a small
screwdriver.

Valve seats, reworking

Depth gauge
Valve seat refacing tool
Notes:
When repairing engines with leaking valves, it is not sufficient to replace or replace
valve seats and valves. It is also necessary to check the valve guides for wear. This
particularly important on high mileage engines
Page 15-50 .
The valve seats should only be reworked just enough to produce a perfect seating
pattern. The maximum permissible reworking dimension must be calculated before
reworking commences. If the reworking dimension is exceeded, the function of the
hydraulic tappets can no longer be guaranteed and the cylinder head should be
replaced.
The max. permissible reworking dimension is calculated as follows:
- Insert valve and press firmly against seat.
Notes:
If the valve is to be replaced as part of a repair, use a new valve for the calculation.

- Measure distance between end of valve stem and upper edge of cylinder head.
- Calculate max. permissible reworking dimension from measured distance and
minimum dimension.
Minimum dimension:
Outer intake valves: 34.0 mm
Center intake valve: 33.7 mm
Exhaust valve: 34.4 mm
Measured distance minus minimum dimension = max. permissible reworking dimension.
Example:
*)
The max. permissible reworking dimension is shown on illustrations for reworking valve
seats as dimension "b."

Reworking intake valve seat
Reworking exhaust valve seat
*)
Calculating max. permissible reworking dimension
Page 15-29 .

Camshaft oil seal, replacing

3036 Counter hold tool
3241 Fitting sleeves
2085 Oil seal extractor

Removing oil seal on camshaft sprocket

- Remove seal on Hall sender
Page 15-36 .
- Remove toothed belt guard (upper part).
camshaft sprocket must align with mark on cylinder head cover.
- Release tensioner and remove toothed belt from camshaft sprocket.
- Remove camshaft sprocket. When loosening camshaft sprocket bolt counter - hold
with 3036.
- Remove woodruff key from the camshaft.
- Screw camshaft sprocket securing bolt - arrow - into camshaft onto stop by hand, to
guide seal extractor.
- Unscrew inner part of oil seal extractor 2085 two turns (approx. 3 mm) out of the
outer part and lock in position with knurled screw.

- Lubricate threaded head of oil seal extractor, place it in position and exerting firm
pressure screw it into oil seal as far as possible.
- Loosen knurled screw and turn inner part of extractor against camshaft until oil seal
has been extracted.
Installing
- Lightly oil sealing lip of oil seal.
- Fit guide sleeve 3241/2 onto camshaft journal.

- Slide oil seal over guide sleeve.

- Press seal in onto stop with press sleeve 3241/1 and bolt 3241/5.
Installing toothed belt and adjusting timing
Page 13-11 .

Oil seal on Hall sender, removing

2085 Oil seal extractor
3241 Fitting sleeves

Removing
Pull connector off Hall sender (G40) - arrow - .

Remove toothed belt guard (upper part).
Remove housing for Hall sender.
Remove washer and hood for Hall sender.
- Screw bolt 2085/1 into camshaft onto stop by hand, to guide seal extractor.
- Unscrew inner part of oil seal extractor 2085 two turns (approx. 3 mm) out of the
outer part and lock in position with knurled screw.

- Lubricate threaded head of oil seal extractor, place it in position and exerting firm
pressure screw it into oil seal as far as possible.
- Loosen knurled screw and turn inner part of extractor against camshaft until oil seal
has been extracted.
Installing
- Lightly oil sealing lip of oil seal.
- Fit guide sleeve 3241/2 onto camshaft journal.

- Slide oil seal over guide sleeve.

Press seal in onto stop with press sleeve 3241/1 and bolt 3241/3.
Insert Hall sender hood into notch in inlet camshaft.
Install washer (taper facing outward) and tighten securing bolt to 25 Nm.
Install housing for Hall sender and tighten to 10 Nm.
Install upper toothed belt guard.
Reconnect connector on Hall sender.

Hydraulic lifters, checking

Feeler gauge
Wood or plastic wedge
Notes:
Replace defective lifter complete (cannot be adjusted or repaired).
Irregular valve noises when starting engine are normal.
Test sequence
- Start engine and run until the radiator fan has switched on once.
- Increase engine speed to about 2500 rpm for approx. 2 minutes.
If the hydraulic tappets are still noisy, locate defective tappets as follows:
- Rotate crankshaft clockwise, until cam of the tappet to be checked is pointing
upward.
- Determine play between cam and hydraulic lifter.

- If the play is in excess of 0.2 mm, replace hydraulic lifter. If the play is less than 0.1
mm or no play, proceed with check as follows:
- Push hydraulic lifter down lightly with a wooden or plastic wedge. If when the
hydraulic lifter is pushed down a 0.2 mm thick feeler gauge can be pushed between
the camshaft and hydraulic lifter, the hydraulic lifter is to be replaced.
Notes:
After installing new tappets the engine must not be started for approx. 30 minutes.
Hydraulic compensation elements must settle (otherwise valves will strike pistons).

Camshaft, removing and installing

(with cylinder head installed)
3036 Counter hold tool
3366 Retainer
D 454 300 A2 Sealant

Removing
- Remove toothed belt guard (upper part).
camshaft sprocket must align with mark on cylinder head cover.
- Take toothed belt off camshaft toothed belt sprocket
Page 13-11 .
- Remove camshaft sprocket. When loosening camshaft sprocket bolt counter - hold
with 3036.
- Remove woodruff key from the camshaft.
- Remove Hall sender housing.
- Remove washer and hood for Hall sender.

- Clean drive chain and camshaft chain sprocket in area of arrows on bearing caps
and mark installation position with a colored mark.
Notes:
Do not mark chain with a punched mark, notch or similar.
The distance between both arrows or the colored marks equals 16 rollers on the
drive chain.
- Secure chain tensioner with retainer for chain tensioner 3366.

First remove inlet and exhaust camshafts 3rd and 5th bearing caps.
Remove double bearing cap.
Remove both bearing caps at chain sprockets on inlet and exhaust camshafts.
Remove chain tensioner securing bolts.
Remove inlet and exhaust camshaft 2nd and 4th bearing caps using alternate and
cross - over sequence.
- Remove chain tensioner for inlet and exhaust camshafts and retainer for chain
tensioner 3366.
Installing
Notes:
When installing the camshafts the cams for No. 1 Cyl. must point upward.
When installing the bearing caps, ensure that the cap markings can be read from the
inlet side of the cylinder head.
When re - using an drive chain, place chain on both camshafts according to color
markings.

- Replace rubber/metal seal for chain tensioner and lightly coat hatched area with
sealant "D 454 300 A2."
- Place chain onto camshaft gears as follows:
When using a new timing chain, the distance between notches A and B at the
camshaft equals 16 rollers on the drive chain.
Notch A is slightly offset toward inside to chain roller 1.
- Slide chain tensioner between drive chain.
- Oil running surfaces of both camshafts.
- Place camshafts with drive chain and chain tensioner in cylinder head.

- Tighten chain tensioner to 10 Nm (take note of dowel sleeves).
- Tighten inlet and exhaust camshaft 2nd and 4th bearing caps using alternate and
cross - over sequence to 10 Nm (take note of dowel sleeves).
- Install both bearing caps at chain sprockets for inlet and exhaust camshafts. Check
camshafts are positioned correctly and tighten bearing cap to 10 Nm (remember
dowel sleeves).
- Remove retainer for chain tensioner 3366.

- Coat hatched area of double bearing cap lightly with sealant "D 454 300 A2", install
and tighten to 10 Nm (remember dowel sleeves).
- Install remaining bearing caps and tighten to 10 Nm (remember dowel sleeves).
- Observe installation position.

The bevelled edge of the camshaft faces outward (arrows) and the TDC Cyl. 1 is visible at
front

- Check position of camshafts to one another.

Installing toothed belt and adjusting timing
Page 13-11 .
Notes:
After installing new tappets the engine must not be started for approx. 30 minutes.
Hydraulic compensation elements must settle (otherwise valves will strike pistons).

Valve guides, checking

VW 387 Universal dial gauge bracket

Dial gauge
Test sequence
- Insert new valve into guide until end of valve stem is flush with end of guide. Due to
the slight difference in stem dimensions, ensure that only an intake valve is used in
the inlet guide and an exhaust valve in the exhaust guide.
- Determine rock wear limit: 0.8 mm

Valve guides, replacing

Press tool VW 411
Drift 3360
Support 3361
Hand reamer 3363 and cutting fluid
Removing
- First check whether the valve seat insert rings and if necessary the cylinder head
sealing surface can be reworked. If this is not the case, then the valve guide should
not be replaced.

First set the support as follows:

- Fit mounting pins for cylinder head bolt holes - A - into threaded hole positions 2 and
3.
- Fit pin - B - into relevant hole for valve angle.
Outer intake valves: 21.5 -5
Center intake valve: 15 -5
Exhaust valve: 20 -5
- Press the worn valve guides out with drift 3360 from the camshaft side.
Installing
When the shoulder on guide makes contact, the pressure must not exceed 10 kN (approx.
1.0 t) otherwise shoulder may break off.
- Coat the new valve guides with oil and press with drift 3360 into cold cylinder head
from the camshaft side until the shoulder makes contact.
- Ream guides out with hand reamer 3363 using plenty of cutting fluid.
- Rework valve seats
Page 15-29 .

Valve stem seals, replacing

(with cylinder head installed)

3122B Plug spanner
3364 Puller
VW 653/3 Pressure hose
3362 Valve spring compressor and press piece 3362/1

3365 Fitting tool

Removing
- Remove camshafts
Page 15-42 .
- Remove the hydraulic lifters and place them with the contact surface downward.
When doing this ensure that the tappets are not interchanged.
- Remove spark plugs with spark plug spanner 3122B.
- Set piston of appropriate cylinder to "bottom dead center".
- Screw pressure hose VW 653/3 into the spark plug thread.
- Mount fitting tool 3362 on cylinder head with fitting tool securing bolts.
- Position fitting tool for compressing valve springs to one of the following positions
outer intake valves: lower position, center intake valve: upper position, exhaust
valve: lower position.

- Connect pressure hose to compressed air system supplying at least 6 bar and
remove valve springs.
- Pull off valve stem seals with 3364.

Installing
- Place the plastic sleeve supplied on the appropriate valve stem. This will prevent the
new valve stem seal being damaged.
- Place new valve stem seal in fitting tool 3365.
- Oil valve stem seal sealing lip and press carefully onto the valve guide.

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Volkswagen New Beetle

1.8 Liter 4-Cyl. 5V Turbo OBD II Engine Mechanical

Cylinder head, removing and installing

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

7 - Intake manifold gasket

10 - Exhaust manifold gasket

Volkswagen New Beetle

Fig. 1 Checking cylinder head for distortion

Volkswagen New Beetle

Special tools and equipment

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Disconnect hose between EVAP canister and exhaust turbocharger at bulkhead.

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Remove the air guiding hose, hose to turbocharger and heatshield.

Remove the three exhaust gas turbocharger/exhaust manifold securing bolts - 1 - .

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Remove toothed belt tensioner as follows:

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Turn crankshaft to TDC No. 1 cylinder.

- Loosen bolts 1 and 2 at bracket for turbocharger approx. 2 revolutions in order to

Volkswagen New Beetle

Tighten cylinder head in tightening sequence as follows:

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Remove gasket between turbocharger/exhaust manifold and bolt turbocharger as

Volkswagen New Beetle

Compression pressures, checking

Volkswagen New Beetle

- Remove fuse 32.

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

Reworking valve seats

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

Removing and installing

Volkswagen New Beetle

13 - Double bearing cap

Run - out: max.: 0.01 mm

Volkswagen New Beetle

15 - Exhaust camshaft bearing cap

Page 15-28 , Fig. 5

Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle

28 - Hall sender (G40)

Volkswagen New Beetle

Fig. 1 Reworking cylinder head sealing surface

Fig. 2 Checking camshaft axial clearance

Volkswagen New Beetle

Fig. 3 Valve dimensions

Volkswagen New Beetle

Fig. 5 Sealing transition points between chain tensioner/cylinder head

Volkswagen New Beetle

Valve seats, reworking